The Effect of Poster Media on Students’ Learning Motivation in

Social Science for Primary Students

Pratiwi Kartika Sari

, Deti Rostini

, Andi Ahmad

, Otto Fajarianto

, Nita Yulistiani

Faculty of Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia

Faculty of Education, Universitas Islam Nusantara, Bandung, Indonesia

Mathematics Education Departement, STKIP Kusumanegara Jakarta, Indonesia

Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

Keywords: Media Poster, Motivation Learning, Social Science

Abstract: This research is motivated by the findings and interviews that study the students' level of Social Sciences

student grade III SDN Sudimara 10 low. This study aims to determine the effect of poster media on

students' learning motivation in Social Science class III SDN Sudimara 10. This study uses quasi

experimental design method using pretest-posttest control group design implemented in class III (35

students) and class III B (35 students). Data collection using tests and behaviors. The results showed that

using the poster media to study the social science learning of the third grade students of SDN Sudimara 10.

The results of the experimental class students' learning List of the average score of prets 68 and posttest 76

control classes Get the average score of pretest 60 and posttest 66 hypothesis Thitung (3,434) is higher than

table

(1,996) at α = 0,05 then H0 = No media poster for student learning in Social Science Period. This

research provides benefits as a reference for further research and makes learning more creative and

innovative.

1 INTRODUCTION

Today the development and technological progress

are so rapid, and it makes a lot of changes to various

aspects of social lives, therefore education is very

required in order to produce quality human

resources.

Based on Republic Indonesia contitution

No.20/2003 Chapter II Clause 3 about National

education system explained that National education

aims to develop abilities and to form a character and

also a dignified culture nation to educate national

life, and also it aims to develop students’ potential to

become a religious and loyal to God Almighty,

precious moral, healthy, knowledgeable, capable,

creative, independent, and become democratic and

responsible citizens. (Hasbullah, 2015: 307).

Talk about education, especially education at

formal school, it can not be separated from the

subjects including the matter inside those subject.

Students have to be able to know those subject

matter well. Social science subject is a subject that

must be mastered by primary students such as third

grade students.

Journal Intervention in School and Clinic said

“Early elementary is a critical time to provide

interventions to enhance the development of

foundational social competence skills”. (Webster

Stratton and Reid in Diamond, 2018:4)”.

Social science subject should be liked by

students, but in fact students do not like social

science because teachers get unattractive and boring

to deliver it that’s why students more often become

sleepy at class when they learn it.

Lack of desire to study social science can be seen

when the researcher did an observation and

interview on Thursday, 18

January 2018 to SDN

Sudimara 10 Ciledug. There are grade IIIA and IIIB

teachers as the interviewees.

From the research could be seen that students

did not like social science because they were lazy to

read, about 40% students grade IIIB were lazy to

read, and also the limitation of learning media made

students did not like social science and made them

sleepy during class, the boring social science, and

teachers’ difficulties to get students’ focus and

attention. Teachers often used conventional

strategies with lecture methods.

Kartika Sari, P., Rostini, D., Ahmad, A., Fajarianto, O. and Yulistiani, N.

The Effect of Poster Media on Students’ Learning Motivation in Social Science for Primary Students.

DOI: 10.5220/0008999203710375

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Education, Language and Society (ICELS 2019), pages 371-375

ISBN: 978-989-758-405-3

371

In Jean Piaget cognitive theory, third grade

primary students are at a congcrete operational level,

at this level students can develop a logic mind, so

they need something real in the learning process.

Learning process by using a correct media will

make students fel enjoy and not bored to follow

social science learning at school. The various

learning media require teachers to be more selective

in choosing media to be used.

In this reasearch, reasearcher selected poster

media as an alternative that can be used by teachers

to present social science subject to third grade

students. Learning social science by using poster

media can be easier to reach the aim of national

education and also make it easy for teachers in

teacching their students. So that social science

learning will be more preferred by students and it

will increase students’of SDN Sudimara 10

motivation level.

Learning media is something that used by people

to present learning messages. (Sugiarto in Tatang,

2015:54).

Poster is a large size picture and giving stress to

one or two main ideas that are visualized simply and

clearly. (Sanaky in Niska 2013:2).

International Journal of Enviromental and

Science Education Vol 11 No.5 “Poster preparation

is found to improve research and analyzing skills

and increase motivation and success, increase

meaningful and permanent learning, improve

creativity, cooperative learning, critical thinking,

research abilities and communication skills of

students. (Hasturk Gamze and Alex Dogan, 2016:

894).

Using poster in learning process can be done in

two ways, there are helping teachers to explain the

lesson to their students, and to offer invitation to

students after class session. (Daryanto 2012:30).

International Journal of Law and Social Sciences

said “Some researchers found using posters for

creative tasks that have resulted in high level of

motivation and confidence and it has contributed to

bring pleasantness in the learning environment”.

(Stone et al., in Zerin 2013:130)”.

International Journal of Asian Social Science

Vol.4 No.6 said “motivation is the impetus or

stimulus given to a person in order to have the will

to act. Motivation is very important in determining

the activity of learning, because amotivated group

will be more successful than those who do not have

the motivation” (Hikmat in Bakar, 2014:723).

Learning motivation is a psychic impetus from

inside someone to be able to do a learning activity

by adding skills, experience. Motivation encourages

and leads to learning interest to achieve a goal.

(Yamin 2011: 216).

International Journal of Asian Social Science

Vol.4 No.6 said “Explains that students who have

the high motivation is indicated by some characters,

such as, initiative, dIligent and active in learning,

not easy to satisfy, punctual and disciplined, always

trying to learn with the best result. Motivation is

seen as a mental impulse that drives and directs

human behaviour, including learning behaviour.

Motivation has a willingness to activate, mobilize,

channel and direct the attitudes and behaviour of a

learner”. (Baron and Donn in Bakar Ramli,

2014:724)”.

One of the factor that influences motivation is

learning dynamics factor. International jornal of

basic and clinical pharmacology said “A teacher

should not merely teach; he/she should have the

desire and capability to help students to learn.This

intrinsic desire and potential in the teacher will help

and motivate the students to learn. A teacher should

realize that all the students in the class are not of

equally motivated. A teacher plays the key-role in

the motivation-learning process by undertaking such

innovative learning activities to arouse and sustain

enthusiasm, inspire confidence and promote the

desire to learn and perform well in academics”.

(Samuel et al., 2018: 654)”.

Social science is an integration from various

branches of social science and humanities, such as

sosiology, history, geography, economy, politics,

law and culture. (Susanto 2014: 6).

Social science learning is a lesson that must be

mastered by primary students, especially to formal

school students, basically social science is a fun

subject to learn. The aim to be achieved in this

reasearch is to find out whether there is an influence

of poster media on students’ learning motivation

abilities to social science subject.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

This reasearch was done at SDN Sudimara 10, at Jl.

Raden Fatah No 69 Sudimara Barat, Ciledug,

Tangerang city, Banten Province. Meanwhile this

research was done to third grade even semester

academic year 2017/2018, there were 35 students

from grade IIIA and 35 students from grade IIIB.

This research was done in February to March 2018.

This research used quantitative method quasi

experimental design by using pretest –posttest

control group design, samples were not randomly

selected in this research.

ICELS 2019 - International Conference on Education, Language, and Society

372

There were two groups in this research, there

were experiment class and control class which were

not randomly selected but purpossive or called

pupossive sample, then given a pretest to find out

the first condition, were there any differences

between experiment class and controll class.

Experiment class was a group that given such

treatment (such as giving poster media at learning

session), meanwhile control class was a group was a

group of students that was not given such treatment

(it just as a comparison group). After given the

treatment to both two classes next they would be

given a posttest to find out is there any sollution to

the mathematical system problem.

Table 1: Pretest-posttest research design control group

design

Source : Sugiyono (2015:112)

The population in this research were all SDN

Sudimara 10 students. While the technique used was

pupossive sample, it is a technique accumulation

sample with a certain opinion. The population used

in this research was 386 students, therefore grade

IIIA as control class and grade IIIB as experiment

class, involved 35 students as sample for each class.

accumulation data technique that used by researcher

were test and observation.

The observation filled by observer and helped

by class experiment teacher using observation sheet

to find out how teachers were able to see students

progress by using poster media and did the students

take effect on using this paikem edutainment

method, while the test would be filled out by

students, used in order to do measurement activities

which has many questions or set of tasks in the form

of social science subject test and carried out or

answered to measure the extent of students’

knowledge about the subject given. The observation

data sheet and test result collected were analyzed

using quantitative estimation to find out students

motivation on soscial science learning by using

poster media that would be analyzed using Likert

scale model. As for the hypothesis test analyze using

Test-t with a significance level 5% or 0.05.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The data from pretest and posttest results at each

group (control and experiment class) can be seen as

follows:

Diagram 1: Comparison of posttest score control class and

experiment class

The diagram shows that the posttest average

experiment class is 76 while the average of control

class is 66 so it means posttest score of experiment

class is bigger than the average of control class.

Based on the research done to the usage of

poster media to students motivation learning on

social science that has been analyzed using Likert

scale get these following result:

Table 2: Likert Scale

Validity

Realibi

lity

>0,05

Normality

Sig >0,05

(Normal)

Homogenit

y sig >0,05

(homogene

ous)

Hyipothe

sis (test-

Social

science

validity

test

results

using

poster

media

tabel

0,334

Social

science

realibil

ity test

result

using

poster

media

0,870

Pretest

control class

sig =0,565.

Posttest

control class

sig =0,874

Pretest

eksperiment

class sig

=0,676.

Posttest

experiment

class sig

=0,911.

score sig

pretest

posttest

control class

and score

sig pretest

posttest

experiment

class >0,05

Homogenit

y pretest

control

class and

experiment

class,sig=

0,237

Homogenit

y posttest

control

class and

experiment

class,sig=

0,421

Sig pretest

and posttest

control

class and

experiment

class get

0,237 and

0,421 >0.05

hitung

=3,434 s

with

degree of

freedom

(df) 70-2

=68 and

significan

t level

0,05

while t

table

=1,996.

because

hitung

ble

(3,434>1,

996) so

accepted

Based on the table it can be known that the result

of validity test result if r

hitung

table

, so test is valid,

and if r

table

= 0,334, and there were 28 questions that

has r

table

>0,334. Social science reliability test using

E O

X O

------------

K O

100

120

Rata-rata Maksimum Minimum Simpangan Baku

Kontrol

Eksperimen

The Effect of Poster Media on Students’ Learning Motivation in Social Science for Primary Students

373

poster media is 0,870. Then test the normality data

and known the result for pretest control class =

0,565 posttest control class

=0,874, and the result of

pretest experiment class =0,676 posttest experiment

class =0,911 in the term sig > 0.05 and claimed that

data is normally distributed. The homogenity of

pretest control class and experiment class, sig=

0,237. the homogenity posttest control class and

experiment class, sig= 0,421. Sig pretest and posttest

control and experiment class 0,237 and 0,421 >0.05,

so data obtained from the same variant (homogen).

And also Test-t result known t

hitung

= 3,434 with

freedom degree (df) 70-2 =68 and significant level

0,05 while t

table

=1,996. Because t_

hitung

table

(3,434>1,996) so Ho is acceptable, means there is an

effect from poster media to social science learning

motivation. Here are process of using poster media

at third grade students SDN Sudimara 10 Ciledug,

Tangerang City.

Figure 1: Poster media that used to increase students’

motivation

Figure 2: Social science learning using poster media

At the time learning using poster media applied

on experiment class, it made students more

motivated, they were not bored and anthusiastic

since it attract their attention and grow their learning

enthusiasm. Students were able to learn happily

because they learn using media, so that teaching

materials are more easily delivered by teacher to

students. Students also become active, innovative,

creative, effective and fun at learning process, and it

forms students to express their opinions and students

are able to show their confidence and courage at

learning process.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on description, analyze and interpretation of

research it can be seen that the use of poster media at

SDN Sudimara 10 Ciledug, Tangerang City. At the

time students learnt social science were given the

treatment in form of poster media, it was proven that

they got better average scores and also based on the

result of teachers’observation sheet told that

students’ motivation increase after learning social

science using poster media.

Learning environment become more fun,

students are more active, more focused on learning,

students anthusiasme on learning are increase and

social science learning is not boring anymore. So

based on the statistic calculation show the big this is

proven that new learning media is needed in social

science learning as the use of poster media. Social

sciece learning will become more interesting and

students will get more easily to understand material,

so learning process becomes meaningful.

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