Study of Enviromental Approaching on Lake Toba

Parlindungan Purba, Sirozuliam, Agus Purwoko, Hidayati

Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Prof. T. Ma`as Kampus USU

Medan, North Sumatera , Indonesia

Keywords: Regional Spatial Planning, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Lake Toba.

Abstract: The region development of Lake Toba requires of Regional Spatial Planning (RSP), and RSP should

be able to save the natural resources and the environment that become the pre-eminent Lake Toba area. The

challenge of managing natural resources is better, with the emergence of regional autonomy since 2001,

since its approach emphasizes the administrative approach rather than the ecological or bioregion approach.

This indicates the need for a study on the SPR called Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) which is

the discussion of failure or it may be said imperfection of methods or models that have been applied in the

protection and management of the environment can be overcome. SEA should be the basis for spatial

arrangement, then spatial arrangement underlying the development of Lake Toba area. Thus, spatial

planning that is not based on good SEA, will result in spatial planning that is not organized; As well as the

development of areas that do not base themselves on good spatial planning will result in the development of

areas that are not harmonious and sustainable to the area of Lake Toba in Simalungun Regency

1 INTRODUCTION

Regional development is a regional spatial policy in

order to exploit the natural resources potential of the

existing region to improve the welfare of the

community. Spatial planning has an important role

in the implementation of development for the

realization of sustainable development in the form of

giving a tangible contribution in the development of

sustainable areas and cities, so that justice and

prosperity for the people of Indonesia can be

achieved. The role of natural resources in this case

becomes very important because as an object of

development or development of the region. Natural

resources (NR) is everything that is obtained from

the physical environment to meet the needs and

desires of mankind.

Sustainable development is a development based

on the principle of economic growth, environmental

conservation and social stability to improve human

welfare, both current and future generations without

causing damage to the environment and ecosystems.

According to Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental

Protection and Management, sustainable

development is: A conscious, planned effort that

combines environmental, social and economic

aspects into development strategies to ensure

environmental needs and safety, capacity, well-being

and quality Living the present generation and future

generations.

The problems of sustainable development are

complex. This can be identified from the lack of

development of tourism sector in Lake Toba area,

where the number of tourists tends to decline, which

seen decrease in the number of foreign tourists in

2011 amounted to 21,988 people to numbered

16,492 people in 2012 (BPS Simalungun Regency,

2013).

Lake Toba is one of the vulkano-tectonic lake,

due to the process of land terban (subsidence) in the

middle formed Samasir Island with a mering

position to the western arena and in other parts of its

lower position inundated surface water to form a

lake (Bapedaldasu,

2005). However, the beauty of the panoramic

estitika and any potential natural resources (NR) of

the region threatened its function preservation due to

unequal development pressure between economic,

social and environmental development. According to

Jayakusuma (2011), in the last two decades the rate

of damage to natural resources and environmental

pollution in Indonesia has been increasing steadily

and showing no signs of decline. If two decades ago

the rate of forest destruction in Indonesia at tengarai

Purba, P., Sirozuliam, ., Purwoko, A. and Hidayati, .

Study of Enviromental Approaching on Lake Toba.

DOI: 10.5220/0008848700450051

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Chemical Science and Technology Innovation (ICOCSTI 2019), pages 45-51

ISBN: 978-989-758-415-2

about 1 to 1.2 million per year, has now reached 2

million hectares per year.

The high population growth, urbanization,

industrial, agricultural and fishery flows around the

lake are the greatest threat to the environmental

degradation of the lake. Consequently, the diversity

of lake biota is reduced, water quality declines, and

silting due to water hyacinth and sedimentation, thus

affecting environmental function. In addition,

agricultural development has not been able to

prosper the community, this is due to: 1) lack of

water discharge of Lake Toba) and 2) irrigation

farming system is not fulfilled. To prevent the

above mentioned in the development of the

region with programs that are environmentally

sound with the aim of preventing damage,

maintaining equilibrium and maintaining natural

sustainability (Mulyanto, 2008).

The region development of Lake Toba requires

of Regional Spatial Region (RSP), and RSP should

be able to save the natural resources and the

environment that become the pre- eminent Lake

Toba area. Proper management of natural resources

and environment is highly dependent on its

management capacity, both human resource,

organizational, institutional and regulatory

capabilities (Muller and Glodde, 1994). The

challenge of managing natural resources is better,

with the emergence of regional autonomy since

2001, since its approach emphasizes the

administrative approach rather than the ecological or

bioregion approach (Hardiyanto, 2003). This

indicates the need for a study on the SPR called

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) which is

the discussion of failure or it may be said

imperfection of methods or models that have been

applied in the protection and management of the

environment can be overcome. The government with

thorough studies has adopted concepts and models

that have been applied by several countries in the

world, developed and developing countries, as an

alternative in maintaining the sustainability of

development in Indonesia. Integrating environmental

interests at a strategic decision-making level, ie at

the policy level, plan or program through the

Stategic Environmental Review is the choice of

government- implemented measures in the

Environmental Protection and Management Act.

Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection

and Management requires the Government and local

governments to make a strategic environmental

assessment (SEA) to ensure that the principle of

sustainable development has become the basis and

integrated in the development of a region and / or

policies, plans and/Or program. In other words, SEA

results should be the basis for development policies,

plans and / or programs within a region. If the SEA

results state that the carrying capacity and capacity

have been exceeded, such policies, plans and / or

development programs shall be improved in

accordance with SEA recommendations and any

business and/or activities that have exceeded

environmental carrying capacity and capacity shall

no longer be allowed.

In the last two decades along with the increasing

knowledge in the field of environmental studies, has

also developed various understanding of SEA which

reflects the differences in interpreting the purpose of

SEA. So that there is no definition of SEA which is

universally embraced by all parties. However, there

are generally four types of definitions or definitions

of SEA, namely: According to Sadler and

Verheem in Jayakusuma (2011) SEA is a

systematic process to evaluate the environmental

consequences of a proposed policy, plan or program

in order to ensure that the consequences are as early

as possible In the process of parallel decision

making with social and economic considerations.

According to Therievel et al, in Jayakusuma

(2011) SEA is a comprehensive, systematic and

formal process to evaluate the environmental

effects of the plan's policies, or the following

alternative programs, including the preparation of

documents containing the findings of such

evaluations and using such findings to produce

decision making that has Public accountability.

DEAT and CSIR in Jayakusuma (2011) defines

SEA is the process of integrating the concept of

sustainability in strategic decision making. Brown

and Therievel define SEA is a process intended for

those responsible for policy development (initiators)

(at policy formulation) and decision makers (at the

time of policy approval) with a view to providing a

holistic understanding of the social and

environmental implications of policy design, With

the focus of the study beyond the issues that were

originally a factor driving the birth of new policies.

Brown and Therievel in Jayakusuma (2011)

defines SEAs as a process intended for those

responsible for policy development (initiators) (at

policy formulation) and decision makers (at the time

of policy approval) with a view to providing a

holistic understanding of social implications and The

environment of policy design, with the focus of the

study beyond the issues that were originally the

driving force behind the birth of a new policy.

Implementation of SEA as mandated by Law

no.Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection

ICOCSTI 2019 - International Conference on Chemical Science and Technology Innovation

and Management has short and long term

implications for the government at national,

provincial and district/city levels, especially for the

Directorate General (DG) of Regional Development

which has the main duty and function of facilitating

the implementation SEA at the provincial and

district / city levels.

The Directorate General of Regional

Development has conducted pilot testing of SEA

implementation since 2007, after SEA was

introduced in Indonesia through Danish Government

Assistance through Environmental Support Program

(ESP) since 2005. The results of SEA

implementation testing in the context of regional

development planning in several regions have given

Some lessons or inputs to develop strategies for

implementing SEA in Indonesia for short, medium,

and long term. Based on input from SEA Experts,

both international consultants and national

consultants, that capacity building is required in the

implementation of SEAs at the policy and planning

level. Particularly in integrating, integrating and

synchronizing Regional Spatial Planning and Long

Term Development Planning, and Medium Term at

provincial and district/city levels. It is intended that

the implementation of SEA as a mandate of Law No.

32/2009 can be done more practical and applicable

both in terms of process and the effectiveness of

time and funding.

In relation thereto, in 2010 a review of

institutional and stakeholder and human resource

strengthening was carried out for SEA

implementation at the Central and Regional Offices.

Institutional, stakeholder and human resource

studies for SEA implementation are prepared as an

inseparable part of a legally formal consultation,

participation and extension plan related to the

planning and implementation process of

development both at the national, provincial, To the

district /city level in implementing of Strategic

Environmental Assessment (SEA). Based on

Bapedaldasu Report (2011) Simalungun District

Government has not yet integrated the

environmental aspect on economic and social

aspects. The environmental conditions of

Simalungun Regency in RPJPD Simalungun

Regency 2005-2025 described as follows:

a) the increasing number of people, the

conversion of agricultural lands into the form of

settlement areas, the destruction of forests will be

more severe due to the irresponsible behavior of

certain parties who exploit the forest on a large

scale.

b) forest encroachment will be higher intensity

because it is supported by energy crisis and high

selling price of crude oil in the market, so this

condition forced the community to get alternative

energy from forest wood around the settlement

location.

c) collection of excavated materials of class C whose

number is increasing from year to year, will cause

the river habitat to be damaged.

d) clean water crisis is expected to be a serious threat

not only to meet domestic water needs but also

for industrial and agricultural purposes. This is

because the water catchment and water catchment

areas decrease or switch function.

e) water pollution will be higher due to waste

disposal into the river without going through the

processing first.

From the above conditions, very minimal

development priorities in the area of Lake Toba.

Simalungun Regency is very interested in the

maintenance and improvement of water quality of

Lake Toba to support tourism activities in Prapat,

Tigaras, Haranggaol and other areas.

Although it has been born some of the

policies by the government (both central,

provincial and district governments for the

management of Lake Toba area, among others is the

Regional Regulation No. 1 of 1990 on Lake Toba

Lake Toba Lake Area Management Plant (LTEMP),

Lake Toba Regional Management, North Sumatera

Regulation No. 7 of

2003 on the General Plan of Spatial Planning of

North Sumatera, Pergub No. 1 Year 2009 on the

Stipulation of Water Quality Standard of Lake Toba,

but these policies have not been able to support the

Lake Toba area.

Based on the above, a study is needed to

analyze: (1) the impact of SEA implementation on

spatial planning in Simalungun Regency, (2) to

analyze SEA implementation on the development of

the area in Lake Toba area of Simalungun Regency,

and (3) to analyze the effect of spatial planning on

the development of the area in Lake Toba

Simalungun Regency.

2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

2.1 The Influence of SEA

Implementation on Spatial

Planning

The purpose of this research is to analyze the

influence of SEA implementation on spatial

Study of Enviromental Approaching on Lake Toba

planning in Simalungun Regency. The summary of

the research results can be seen in Table 1.

Tabel 1: The Summary of Results the Influence of SEA

Implementation On the Spatial Planning in

Simalungun Regency

Variables

Dimentional

Coeficient

t-count

Prob

constant

.073

Policy

.984

3.843

.000

Plan

.550

2.516

.014

Program

.897

3.600

.001

= .735

Prob. F = .000

Source: Research Results are Processed (2016)

In Table 1: shows that the SEA implementation

tested to answer the first question proved to have an

effect on the spatial planning in Simalungun

Regency. This result means that SEA

implementation variable is an important factor in

planning of spatial planning in Simalungun

Regency. Testing to answer this first question is the

three dimensions of SEA implementation variables

under study ie policies, plans and programs of SEA

proved to have a significant positive effect on spatial

planning in Simalungun Regency.

Through this research can be constructed and

produced a model to know whether the SEA

variable, that is Policy (Po), Plan (Pl) and Program

(Pr) in a region can be utilized for improvement of

spatial planning (SP). The intended model is that

spatial arrangement can be improved or influenced

by SEA, with the mathematical model as follows:

SP = a + Po + Pl + e (1)

Based on the above model can be said that if the

spatial plan to be improved then the policies, plans

and programs SEA should be optimized. The

position of the three dimensions of SEA variables in

relation to spatial arrangement in Simalungun

Regency can be illustrated as shown in Figure 1:

Figure 1 shows that there are three factors:

policies, plans and programs of the SEA that have a

role in spatial planning in Simalungun Regency.

These three factors constitute a unity that cannot be

separated in the SEA implementation effort to

improve spatial planning.

Figure 1: Three factors of SEA have a role in spatial

planning

2.2 The Influence of SEA

Implementation On the Regional

Development of Lake Toba Area in

Simalungun Regency

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence

of SEA implementation on the regional development

of Lake Toba area in Simalungun Regency. The

summary of the research results can be seen in

Table 2.

Tabel 2: The Summary of Results the Influence of SEA

Implementation On the Regional Development of

Lake Toba Area in Simalungun Regency

Variables

Dimentional

Coeficient

t-count

Prob

(constant

-1.285

Policy

2.359

5.054

.000

Plan

1.021

2.565

.012

Program

1.320

2.906

.005

= .766

Prob. F = .000

Source: Research Results are Processed (2016)

Table 2: shows that SEA application tested to

answer the second question proved to have an effect

on the development of Lake Toba area in

Simalungun Regency. This result means that SEA

implementation variable is an important factor in

planning the development of Lake Toba area in

Simalungun Regency, where the three dimensions of

SEA implementation variables studied are SEA

policies, plans and programs proved to have a

significant positive effect on the development of

Lake Toba Area in Simalungun Regency.

ICOCSTI 2019 - International Conference on Chemical Science and Technology Innovation

Through this research can be constructed and

produced a model to know whether the

implementation of SEA variables, namely Policy

(Po), Plan (Pl) and Program (Pr) in a region can be

utilized for the improvement of regional

development (RD). The intended model is that

regional development can be improved or influenced

by SEA, with the mathematical model as follows:

RD = a + Po + Pl + Pn + e (2)

Based on the above model it can be said that if

the development of the region wants to be improved

then SEA policies, plans and programs must be

optimized. The position of the three dimensions of

SEA implementation variables in relation to regional

development in Simalungun Regency can be

illustrated as shown in Figure 2:

Figure 2: Three factors of SEA have a role in regional

development

Figure 2 shows that there are three factors: the SEA

policies, plans and programs that have a role in the

development of Toba Lake area in Simalungun Regency.

These three factors constitute a unity that cannot be

separated in the SEA implementation effort to improve

regional development.

2.2 The Influence of Spatial Planning

on the Regional Development of

Lake Toba Area in Simalungun

Regency

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence

of spatial planning on the regional development of

the Lake Toba Area in Simalungun Regency. The

summary of the research results can be seen in Table

In Table 3: shows that the spatial arrangement

tested to answer the third question proved to have an

effect on the development of Lake Toba area in

Simalungun Regency. This result means that spatial

planning variable is an important factor in planning

the development of area in Simalungun Regency,

where the three dimensions of spatial variables

studied are planning, utilization, and control of

spatial planning proved to have a significant positive

effect on the development of the region in

Simalungun Regency.

Tabel 3: The Summary of Results the Influence of Spatial

Planning Implementation On Regional

Development of Lake Toba Area in Simalungun

Regency

Variables

Dimentional

Coeficient

t-count

Prob

(constant

5.947

Policy

2.245

9.946

.000

Plan

.591

2.470

.015

Program

2.165

7.911

.001

= .942

Prob. F = .000

Source: Research Results are Processed, 2016

Through this research can be built and produced

a model to know whether the implementation of

SEA variables, namely Planning (P), Utilization (U)

and Control (C) in a region can be utilized for the

improvement of regional development (RD). The

intended model is that regional development can be

improved or influenced by the application of spatial

planning, with the mathematical model as follows:

RD = a + P + U + C + e (3)

Based on the above model can be said that if the

development of the region wants to be improved

then planning, utilization, and control the

implementation of spatial planning should be

optimized. The position of the three dimensions of

spatial application variables in relation to the

development of the region in Simalungun Regency

can be illustrated as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 shows that there are three factors,

namely planning, utilization, and control of spatial

planning that have a role in the development of Lake

Toba area in Simalungun Regency. These three

factors constitute a unity that cannot be separated

in an effort to implement spatial planning to

improve regional development.

Based on model equations 1, 2 and 3, a model

can be developed to determine whether the

application of Strategic Environmental Assessment

(SEA) and spatial planning (SP) can be utilized to

improve regional development (RD).

Study of Enviromental Approaching on Lake Toba

Figure 3: Three Factors of Spatial Planning have a role in

Regional Development

The intended model is that regional development

can be improved or influenced by SEA

implementation and spatial application, with the

mathematical model as follows:

RD = a + SEA + SP + e (4)

Based on the above model can be said that the

development of the area of Lake Toba want to be

improved then the application of SEA and the

implementation of spatial planning must be

optimized. The position of variables of SEA

implementation and spatial application to the

development of Lake Toba area of Simalungun

Regency can be described as shown in Figure 4:

Figure 4: The Role of SEA and Spatial Planning on

Regional Development

Figure 4: shows that SEA implementation and

spatial planning can increase the development of

Lake Toba area in Simalungun Regency. Both

variables are interconnected in an effort to improve

regional development.

Regional development is the utilization of space

conducted by the government, private and

community, whether done jointly or individually

will provide progress for the developing region. The

Government plays a role in opening road access for

the community of a region to interact with other

regions. Road is the access of means of

transportation from one region to another. Private

sector plays a role in opening a good business

industry sector, trade and services. The public plays

a role in opening their own business and selling their

agricultural products. The isolated area can cause the

community to have difficulty in conducting

economic activities, access to education and health

facilities, thus causing the community to take longer

time and distance in carrying out such activities,

which consequently people have to spend more on

the activities. Sirojuzilam (2005) suggests that

regional development basically means increasing

the benefit of the region for the community of a

certain region capable of accommodating more

residents, with the level of community welfare that

on average many facilities / infrastructure, goods or

services are available and business community

activities Which increases, both in terms of type,

intensity, service and quality.

The results of this study corroborate the research

conducted by Lepa, et al (2011) concluded that: 1)

PPP in RSP Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow has

the value of the relationship of 84.24%, the

principle of balance 79.59%, the principle of fairness

83.72%, with SEA value of 82.52%; 2) Identified 9

issues of sustainable development have a negative

impact, and 1 issue has a positive impact; And 3)

How to mitigate the negative impacts of integrating

SEA values for articles that have not fully SEA or

medium-to-moderate SEH values have a negative

impact on the environment. Furthermore, Dariah

(2012) study stated that the difference of SEA

implementation of one sector and multisector lies in

the scope of study and implementation technique.

In terms of substance, one sector and

multisectoral SEAs have in common the

identification of strategic issues, priority PPP

identification, PPP impact assessment on strategic

issues, the preparation of alternative

recommendations and recommendations.

Gunn and Noble (2009) states that the strategic

environmental assessment of the region is the most

appropriate framework for addressing the

cumulative effects of environmental impacts in

support of sustainable development. Kornov, et al

(2015) suggests that the implementation of SEA in

the Copenhagen spatial plan shows that the role of

plan serves as an innovator in the SEA process.

Furthermore Stoeglehner, et al. (2009) concluded

that the role of planners in SEA implementation is

very important for environmental effectiveness.

ICOCSTI 2019 - International Conference on Chemical Science and Technology Innovation

3 CONCLUSIONS

Protection and environmental management of the

Lake Toba region mainly lies in the

determination of the meaningful use of space use as

well as the utilization of the resources in it. With this

clear allocation, then all the interests associated with

the utilization of Lake Toba area can be

accommodated so as to achieve harmonization in the

utilization of space which in turn realize the added

value of the use of a safe, comfortable, productive

and sustainable.

SEA should be the basis for spatial

arrangement, then spatial arrangement underlying

the development of Lake Toba area. Thus, spatial

planning that is not based on good SEA, will result

in spatial planning that is not organized; As well as

the development of areas that do not base

themselves on good spatial planning will result in

the development of areas that are not harmonious

and sustainable to the area of Lake Toba in

Simalungun Regency.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author would like to thank RistekDIKTI the

financial support to complete this study and all

lecturer in the Department of Chemistry Universitas

Sumatra Utara.

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Study of Enviromental Approaching on Lake Toba