Waste Management in the Simeulue Coast of Aceh Province

(Case Study in Suka Maju Village, Simeulue Timur District)

Cut Hannelida Eriza

, R. Hamdani Harahap

and Fikarwin Zuska

Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty Postgraduate School,Universitas

Sumatera Utara, Medan North Sumatera 20155, Indonesia

Department of Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara,

Medan North Sumatera 20155, Indonesia

Department of Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara,

Medan North Sumatera 20155, Indonesia

Keywords: Waste management, the role of government, seawalls, Simeulue Regency

Abstract: Waste Management is becoming a prominent discussion due to direct contiguous with human culture and

lifestyle. Simeulue Regency is one of the specific places that experience the escalation of population and

economic sectors; hence, the number of wastes also increase by the times. It is not an uncommon sight to

find wastes or rubbishes spreading around every coastal in Simeulue Regency, primarily in Suka Maju

Village. The seawalls are full of garbages from the citizen. The field observation has found out the trigger of

the accumulation of the waste are caused by the lack of awareness from the people about littering and the

government who is seemingly indifferent with the area. The limitation of garbage carrier is the main

problem for the government, according to the local information, the interval of garbage transportation

spends 4 until 5 days long. It causes most of the garbage officers who come from each route can not finish

their job. Meanwhile, government policy has not a significant role to be obeyed. The increasing of waste

products without proper management will never create a better environment. This research is qualitative

research which priorities the information from the competence interviewers. They were selected from the

local communities and related citizen services. The result shows that there are some possibilities things to

solve the massive garbages in Suka Maju Village. Some factors in managing the waste are behavior and

culture of people such as the way of collecting, transporting and disposing of the waste.

1 INTRODUCTION

Waste management system, specifically in urban

areas, must be implemented accurately and

systematically. The activity of waste management

will involve the utilization of several infrastructures

and waste facilities that cover the storage, collecting,

transporting, processing and final annihilation.

Waste issues are closely related to human lifestyle

and behavioral themselves. Therefore,waste

managmenet is not only government duty but also

needs the contribution from every citizen. Every

year the number of waste are getting higher and

parallel with the increase nu mber of population and

the life quality of people also accompanied by the

advancement of technology which create the friction

in people’s habit who become more consumptive

(Sahil et al. 2016)

Simeulue Regency is one of regencies in Aceh

province that encounter the rise number of

population and economic, in another side, the

number of waste also climbs every year. The

seawalls are full of garbages from the citizen. The

field observation has find out the trigger of the

wastes accumulation are caused by the lack of

awareness from the people about littering and the

government who is seemingly indifferent with the

area. The limitation of garbage carrier is the main

problem for the government, according to the local

information, the interval of garbage transportation

spends 4 until 5 days long.

The pattern of wate management in Simeulue

Regency is door to door method, and it will

immediately throw to the landfill without any further

action. This method is assumed as improper way.

The more rubbishes are throwed to the landfill the

greater number of rubbishes will accumulate until

372

Eriza, C., Harahap, R. and Zuska, F.

Waste Management in the Simeulue Coast of Aceh Province (Case Study in Suka Maju Village, Simeulue Timur District).

DOI: 10.5220/0008554703720378

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology (ICONART 2019), pages 372-378

ISBN: 978-989-758-404-6

the landfill have not enough space to put the waste

away. The limit number of garbage carrier also can

not finish their work because they only pick up the

garbages from 8 am until 11 pm. If the time is

running out, they will delayed their job until

tomorrow comes. In other hand, the government

policy has not a significant role to be obeyed. One of

the regulaltions is retribution payment. The

government does not see it as a serious matter while

it causes a less intention from the local people.

The increasing of waste products without a

proper management will never create a better

environtment. It is showed by the uncountable

waste (the organic and anorganic waste are

combined) piled up in the area. The limit number of

litter bins around the area are causing the massive

garbages spread around the coastal, including litters

in resident houses, drains and sea. That is how

environmental pollution created in Suka Maju

Village.

2 MATERIAL AND METHOD

This research is using qualitative method that

describe the reality circumstance and participation of

the people themselves. The data is gained by field

observation, interview with capable sources and

proved by documentations in the object area. The

research reveals the reality based on the factual

condition through the informations from the figures

from the local people and another is the figures from

the institution or government. There is no limit

number for the interviewer because the more

interviewer will give more valuable data. The

interviewers were selected by the consideration of

people who can give a big impact to the society such

as Head of Village, Head of Sub-District and some

of local people representatives. This research was

conducted by collecting data through interviews,

visual materials and observation in the field directly.

There are some preparations before doing the

interview such as an early approach by joining the

daily routine of local society to avoid the awkward

condition while starting the interview. Beside that,

the result of the research is obtained through the

straight phenomenon that happened in the place, it

could create a convenient situation with the

interviewers. The main reason of conducting this

research is considering the initial survey area where

the location are full of litters specifically in seawalls

area and resident areas. The litters are not just

organic rubbish but inorganic either. This indicates

that people used to litter everywhere. Another

consideration is some complaints from the public

were often heard, it is about the lack of public

services from the government such as garbage bins,

the improper of garbage carrier that caused a

massive accumulation number of garbage, as shown

below;

Source: doc. KPPLD of Simeulue Regency, 2018

Figure 1: Waste dumped carelessly by residents.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The area of the research is in Suka Maju Village,

Simeuleu Regency, Aceh province where it is

located along the coastal areas and border with the

sea directly. The majority of citizen are

transmigrated people from outer islands and the

original people of Simeuleu. Work responsibilities,

find a job and trade become the factors of

transmigration. The village has three variety of

daily traditional languages such as Lekkon, Jame

and Evulai (Sigulai). The village is divided in to 3

hamlets, they are Mawar, Melati and Sedap Malam

hamlets.The Village Report of Suka Maju in 2018

was ± 2.704 populations and keep increasing over

the year. By this fact, it is also followed by the

increasing of litter numbers. Hartanto (2006) states

that the consequences of the expansion of the urban

area accompanied by the growth of the urban

population will also increase community activities

within it, hence, it requires public services and basic

infrastructure such as clean water, waste water,

drainage, solid waste and so on. Waste is a

consequence of human activity. Every human

activity must generate waste or garbage. The amount

or volume of waste is proportional to the level of

human consumption of goods or materials that

people consume everyday. Likewise with the type of

waste, it depends on the type of material consumed

(Kazam, 2011).

Improper habit like littering become a normal

condition for people in Suka maju Village, however,

Waste Management in the Simeulue Coast of Aceh Province (Case Study in Suka Maju Village, Simeulue Timur District)

373

it causes the occurrence of landfill in several points.

The society should be aware with the severe effect

for instance, environmental pollution and health

problems. It is also applied in solving the matter, the

society strongly relies on the government,

eventhough it is about gaining the society welfare.

Martinawati, et al. (2016) states that the efforts to

overcome the increasingly problematic garbage

problems require waste management by involving

the community. Without the participation of the

community in this process, it can be said that it is

impossible for the government itself to solve the

problem of garbage that is increasingly piling up.

3.1 Condition of Waste Management in

Suka Maju Village

The stages of solving waste consist of collection,

transportation and destruction that each system

influences the success of waste handling. Problems

in Suka Maju Village cannot be separated from the

three stages, including:

a. Waste Collection

- Waste collected by officers is usually just

office waste. The garbage is collected at the

polling station and other officers will transport

it to the landfill. Meanwhile, household waste

does not go through collection stage but

transports directly to the landfill.

- The government provides polling stations at

each office point that is used as a temporary

collection point for garbage before being

transported to the landfill. However, the

problem is, often the waste in the TPS

accumulates for a long time, hence, the

garbage esmits an unpleasant odor. Then the

garbage disposed of at polling stations is often

found to be trash, even though TPS is only

intended for offices.

- As a result of the lack of polling stations, the

citizens were disposed of the garbage in the

polling station, but other problems were that

the residents do not throw into the polling

stations but around the polling stations, as a

result of the garbage scattered in the TPS area.

- The number of containers to date is still very

limited, even though remembering garbage is

getting bigger and bigger. Lack of

transportation, such as amroll, causes

containers to be transported late to landfills.

- Public awareness about garbage collection is

still very low.

b. Waste Transport

- The process of transporting waste in Suka

Maju Village is still very limited, this is not

comparable with the amount of garbage

produced by residents at any time.

- There is no written guarantee regarding the

safety of the transport officer even though what

is really needed is the transport officer.

- The transportation time is still not maximal,

because the transportation is often done at

night at 8:00 to 11:00. Officers only carry 3

hours of trash while the divided routes are

often not resolved.

- The transportation equipment is often not

covered so that when the garbage is full in the

truck it will be blown off by the wind into the

road, this triggers garbage to be scattered on

the highway and disrupts traffic comfort.

c. Extermination of Waste

- Waste disposal is carried out at the landfill,

there is no sorting of waste between organic

and inorganic.

- Simeulue Regency landfill still uses open

dumping. This system can trigger odors and

diseases from flies and mice.

- Places designated for landfill have consumed

the road, so that road users are expected.

3.2 The Village Waste Collection Pattern

Suka Maju

a. Direct individual Patterns

The applied patern in collecting wasted in Suka

Maju Village is by the way of officers coming to

every source of garbage (door to door) and directly

transported to be disposed of at the landfill. The

tools used are dump truck cars and garbage bins.

b. Direct Communal Pattern

This method is carried out by the residents

themselves, meaning that every citizen who

produces waste will be immediately disposed of to

the polling station or to the pengakut truck and

immediately disposed to the landfill. The equipment

used is armroll cars and litter bins.

ICONART 2019 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology

374

3.3 Factors Affecting the Waste

Management System in Suka Maju

Village

- Population Density and Distribution, The

population density of Suka Maju Village

ranges from about ± 2,704 inhabitants and

increases every year. This is influenced by

increasing birth factors and population

migration factors.

- Environmental and social physical

characteristics, at present the level of

awareness of the residents of Suka Maju

Village regarding cleanliness is very small. this

is indicated by the amount of garbage around

the area.

- Settlements, most of the houses occupied by

Suka Maju Village residents are semi-

permanent but there are permanent ones. The

most dominant waste produced by residents is

organic. Waste is not sorted out easily by

people throwing garbage in its place so that the

source of garbage is everywhere.

- Market, the most generated waste is from

market activities. This is indicated by the

selling points scattered around the market,

resulting in a foul odor and damage to

environmental aesthetics.

- Sea transportation, not only on land but

activities at sea also contribute quite a lot of

garbage. There are many ports around Suka

Maju Village because the Suka Maju Village

people are on average fishermen. Every time

they go or want to go back to sea, the

fishermen first clean the garbage from the boat

or boat and the garbage is immediately

disposed of in the sea, resulting in

environmental pollution.

- Community Attitude and Behavior, the factors

that influence waste management are the

culture of attitudes and behavior of the

community considering that people are the

most important waste collectors. Suka Maju

Village acknowledges that until now the

government still lacks attention to the garbage

service. such as garbage containers that are still

lacking, transportation that is considered too

long and the size of the transportation facilities

and Temporary Landfill facilities provided.

Environmental conditions are getting worse

because some people are less concerned about

the environment and lack of knowledge about

environmental hygiene.

3.4 Means of Collection, Transportation,

Processing and Waste Final Disposal

a. Waste Collection

The garbage collection that has been applied so

far in Suka Maju Village is by using fiber bins,

bamboo baskets, plastic baskets, sacks, cardboard

bags, plastic bags and used buckets, then some are

dumped into Temporary Landfill, some of which are

directly disposed to the landfill.

b. Waste Transport

Transportation is carried out by officers who

have been determined by the Simeulue Regency

Environmental Service. With division for residential

areas the road area is transported directly by trucks

while parts of the aisles or aisles are transported by

wheels 3. The pattern used is to use direct individual

patterns and direct communal patterns.

c. Waste Management

The waste produced by the residents of Suka

Maju Village is not processed but directly disposed

to the Temporary Landfill or Landfill. The garbage

is not through sorting, such as vegetable waste,

which is immediately disposed of to Temporary

Landfill or Landfill. The garbage has no special

treatment from the Government so that a lot of

garbage is scattered on the road resulting in foul-

smelling and dirty garbage as well as port garbage

that is directly thrown into the sea.

d. Waste Final Disposal

Final waste disposal carried out by the

community in Suka Maju Village, most of the

garbage is directly disposed of into garbage transport

vehicles. but there are also people who dispose of

garbage in polling stations or non polling stations,

for example on the sea wall, rivers, roads, sewers

without thinking.

3.5 Waste Management Policy in

Simeulue District

Regulation has a very important role in

carrying out an action activity. Regulation as a

guideline or legal basis used in regulating waste

problems that exist in the community so that they

Waste Management in the Simeulue Coast of Aceh Province (Case Study in Suka Maju Village, Simeulue Timur District)

375

can be applied and as a comparison in accordance

with the provisions of the applicable article (Fangga

and Mulasari, 2016).

At present the policies made by the

government itself do not work, so that the people

easily make policies as a formality in environmental

hygiene activities. Some informants admitted that

people in Suka Maju Village often did not pay

retribution to officers. The community feels

burdened with monthly. contributions, even though

the retribution is used as an operational hygiene

fund.

In the aspect of financing, a common problem

especially is the still low cleaning fees that are not

comparable to operational and maintenance costs. In

the institutional aspect, what is common is that the

number of personnel that is not comparable to the

amount of waste produced and the knowledge of

personnel towards the waste management system is

still low. In terms of providing garbage facilities,

there are still limited equipment such as containers,

and transportation trucks. The pattern of ineffective

transportation of waste will also affect service

coverage and operational costs of transportation.

Because of the government's limitations in waste

management, it is necessary to support the

participation of the community in waste

management, both active and passive participation

(Hartanto, 2006).

Table 1. Retribution in Simeulue District.

Wide Waste

Source /Volume

Rates

Household

1. Building Size.

<50 M²

2. Building

Size> 51 M²

to 100 M²

3. Building

Size> 101 M²

to 200 M²

4. Building

Size> 200 M²

IDR 5,000 /

month

IDR 10,000 /

month

IDR 15,000 /

month

IDR 20,000 /

month

Shops,

Guesthouse,

Hotel,

Office, and

Market

1. Small

(garbage

volume <0.51

M³ / day

2. Moderate

(garbage

volume> 0.51

M d to 0.75

M³ / day)

3. Large

(garbage

volume> 0.75

M³ / day)

IDR

15.000/month

IDR 20,000 /

month

IDR 30.000 /

month

Industry,

1. Small

IDR 30.000 /

Restaurant

Factory

hospital

(garbage

volume <0.51

M³ / day)

2. Moderate

(garbage

volume> 0.51

M d to 0.75

M³ / day)

3. Large

(garbage

volume> 0.75

M³ to 100 M³

/ day)

4. Containers of

waste (trash

volume above

100 M³ / day)

Rp. 30,000 /

month

IDR 40,000 /

month

IDR 50,000 /

month

IDR 200,000

/ month

3.6 Weaknesses of Village Suka Maju to

Progress in Handling Waste

Nowadays, the problem of garbage is never

separated from our lives. Growth is increasing, so

the level of waste produced increases either. Not

only in big cities, but also in small cities, problems

regarding waste also occur. As in Suka Maju Village

which is relatively small, the garbage has polluted

the village area, especially the embankment and the

sea. Places around the embankment of the Suka

Maju Village are still a lot of garbage inorganic and

organic types. The garbage is disposed of carelessly

by the residents themselves because all garbages are

household wastes. The problem of environmental

pollution due to the lack of waste management is a

problem which in some areas has not been resolved

and has become a serious burden and problem in

almost all Districts/City Governments. This problem

arises because the waste (especially garbage

originating from households) is not handled

properly. The low level of public awareness, limited

landfill land, and the limited capacity of the local

government in terms of financing are the supporting

factors that have resulted in increasingly complex

waste problems (Krisnani et al., 2017).

Many problems in handling waste, such as in

Suka Maju Village, Simeulue Regency, are

increasing in garbage, which is increasingly grow

and this is evidenced by the increasing population of

Suka Maju Village. In addition, the consumption

patterns of the community are dramtically diverse,

ranging from plastic packaging to paper. Suka Maju

villagers are accustomed to construct the garbage

into the sea, coupled with residents' houses with the

ICONART 2019 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology

376

sea, which are only limited to embankments, so that

people can easily throw garbage at random.

Many people still do not understand about

sanitation, we can value them from their daily

habits. Another issue is that people rarelyto pay

retribution to the government, therefore, problems

like this become a polemic between the government

and society. One side of the community does not pay

retribution because the waste has already been

dumped while on the one hand the government does

not want to transport waste because of its non-

payment of the waste.

3.7 Weaknesses of the Government

Handle Waste

Every activity regarding waste handling, the

most important thing is the government. However,

date in the role of the government is still

questionable. There are many complaints from the

community as currently the container provided by

the government is not evenly distributed, it means

only some people get the container while some

people only rely on used barrels or are immediately

disposed of into the sea. later, the community often

complained because the intervals of transportation of

garbage by officers were too long. usually the officer

transports trash 3-4 days so it is not uncommon for

rubbish to overflow from the container and scatter

around the container.

Waste handling is also strongly supported by the

availability of operational tools. However, in fact the

availability of operational tools in Simeulue District

is still very minimal so work is felt to be very slow

and time consuming. Another problem is that the

sanitary landfill system has not been running for

nearly 1 year, but until now it is still like normal

open dumping. The problem of waste is one of the

sectors that is considered in the adaptation efforts of

a city to reach a resilient city. Waste management in

Indonesia is currently considered to be less effective

and tends to damage the environment so it does not

lead to sustainable development that should be

proclaimed in every city in Indonesia. Waste

management currently carried out in Indonesia only

relies on efforts to dispose of waste carried out in an

open dumping manner with a limited service life

(Manurung, 2013).

Another disadvantage point is the government

policies that have been made to date have not been

implemented. Example on Qanun article 16 Number

18 of 2012 which regulates criminal sanctions. This

article does not work in the community at all, hence,

the community does not pay retributioneasily. The

government is not strict enough to follow up on this

situation even though retribution is very helpful as

an addition to the operational process.

The regency's Qanun and Regulations which in

the District of Simeulue have so far not been

implemented, finally the community has until now

considered it only as a written regulation. the

informant said that"I don't pay for garbage money,

because there is no garbage, so what do I pay for?

The garbage that we burn, or we waste the sea. From

time to time, the garbage will be transported from

where you stack it and you can just throw it away.

After all we don't pay even if it's not in law or all

kinds.

4 CONCLUSIONS

1. Some of the inhibiting factors for garbage

managing in Suka Maju Village are increasing

the population growth and movements.

2. The waste management in Suka Maju Village

should involve all the components of

stakeholders both from the government and from

the community themselves.

3. From this study, the community also needs to be

socialized regarding environmental hygiene, thus

people wil no longer littering in clean

circumstances.

5 RECOMMENDATION

As a recommendation from this study, it is

expected that the government will be more serious in

handling waste. policies that are made worthy of

being carried out according to the rules so that the

community does not view the performance of the

government as weak. The government is also

expected to be more transparent to the community,

so that this does not create a bad community

perspective. And it is also hoped that the community

will not be complacent or hope for the government

alone, solutions and handling can also be done by

the community itself. mutual cooperation between

the government and the community is more

profitable and of course the results are better.

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