Green Renovation and Retrofitting as a Phenomenon

R. D. Juliardi

and M. S. Misnan

Department of Architecture, Building Technology Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning & Policy,

Development (SAPPD), Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132 ITB, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment & Surveying (FBES), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Keywords: Green Practice, Renovation, Retrofitting, Phenomenon, Pre-operation

Abstract: The discourse on climate change has become an issue in the construction industry in Indonesia in decades.

Then, it becomes a consideration in the building design process. This paper focuses on renovation and

retrofitting, as the action of building post-operation. The term renovation refers to the process of responses to

the building operation to make a good state of improvement. In the construction industry, improvement relates

to the method of improving or modernizing the current building due to operation. The opposed to a term of

retrofitting, which provided something with a component or feature not fitted initially with a part or not fitted

during manufacture or adding something that did not have when constructed previously. The professionals

from Java island, Indonesia, as respondents. Consists of architects, structural engineers, mechanical &

electrical engineer, and construction managers works. It aimed to see the phenomenon that occurs within nine

years (2010-2019) for Professionals who do renovation & retrofitting green work. Furthermore, it will have

an identification of sustainability initiatives that will mention the green renovation and retrofitting phenomena

within nine years backward. The new scheme of phenomena is a finding that involves much thinking and

practical consideration of the local institutional and building sector issues to the future as the target of the

Green Renovation & Retrofitting on post-operation to the current building. Moreover, this phenomenon

related to developing renovation & retrofitting green work in Indonesia that expected to affect the professional

profile in anticipation of global warming in the future.

1 INTRODUCTION

They are related to a Building Regulation (Presiden

Republik Indonesia, 2002). In article 3, mentioned

that regulating aims to the sustainable building. Due

to this regulation, green development discourses

began in 2002. Moreover, Public Works & Public

Housing Ministry issued for Implementation of

Sustainable Construction and Green Building

assessment.

Also, green evaluation in Indonesia used the

Public Works & Public Housing Ministry of

Indonesia Republic for Green Building, and Circular

Letter. That focused on efficiency and effectivity for

building performance of sustainability. Southeast

Asian countries issued green development based on

the World Green Building Council, such as in

Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,

Philippines, and lastly, Vietnam in 2013.

Moreover, Indonesia has two rating tools for

green achievement. They are Greenship (from

GBCI), and SEDCK no. 86/PRT/M/2016 (from

PUPR), both focused on the building sectors.

For green evaluation, Kats (2003) found that the

benefits of green buildings are most significant for

public entities that have a specific responsibility to

concerned about broader societal benefits such as

health (G. Kats & E, 2003; G. H. Kats & E, 2003).

Programming, design & planning, construction,

operation, and demolish (part or energy evaluation)

used for only new building evaluation of green

assessment in Indonesia, with categories on

mandatory, recommended, and voluntary. Towards

broader societal benefits of health, based on thermal

comfort.

Furthermore, Cappelletti (2015) found the five

primary policy targets for reducing greenhouse gas

emissions from buildings. There are increasing the

energy efficiency of new & current buildings, the

energy efficiency of devices, emission-reducing in

Juliardi, R. D. and Misnan, M. S.

Green Renovation and Retroﬁtting as a Phenomenon.

DOI: 10.5220/0013056700002836

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 10th Architecture Research and Design Conference (AR+DC 2019), pages 60-64

ISBN: 978-989-758-767-2; ISSN: 3051-7079

building, changing attitudes & behavior, lastly,

renewable energies (Cappelletti, Dalla Mora, Peron,

Romagnoni, & Ruggeri, 2015).

It means to increase the energy efficiency on a

new and existing building, that focused on building

skin, appliances, effort on attitudes & behavior, and

lastly, on renewable energies, moreover, based on this

research related to the current building, particularly

post-operation.

Later, Ma (2012) extended their analysis and

revealed that conventional technologies used in the

case study office building, such as improving the

insulation of the building envelope, retrofitting of the

HVAC system. Similarly, operation strategies play an

essential rule in capitalizing on the benefits of

building energy-efficient retrofitting. After the

building energy-efficient retrofitting, the staff can

adjust the fresh air rate according to their demands

and regulate the temperature of their workplace to a

comfortable level via the ceiling fans (Ma, Cooper,

Daly, & Ledo, 2012). According to Airaksinen

(2011), current office buildings are becoming more

and more energy-efficient. Notably, while the

importance of heating is decreasing, the share of

electricity use is still increasing (Airaksinen &

Matilainen, 2011). Thus, Ma (2012) found that a

systematic methodology for appropriate retrofits of

existing buildings for energy efficiency and

sustainability. Then, an overview of previous studies

related to the investigation and evaluation of energy

performance and economic feasibility vided (Ma,

Cooper, Daly, & Ledo, 2012).

Then it is shown that it makes it possible to rank

or to rate buildings or retrofit scenarios according to

more than one criterion. So, Fowler (2006, 2010)

stated that sustainable building rating systems used to

examine the performance or expected the

performance of a ‘whole building’ and translate

performance assessment into a tool that used to

compare the building performance of other buildings

or a performance standard (K M Fowler & Rauch,

2006; Kimberly M. Fowler, Rauch, Henderson, &

Kora, 2010).

1.1 Renovation

James (Douglas, 2006) found that the

consequences of current and future obsolete and

redundancy need to bear in mind in any

adaptation proposal to responses the

obsolescence and redundancy. These divided

into three main groups: economic, technical, and

functional. Economic obsolete occurs because

maintenance has become unreasonably costly or

disruptive, and when acceptable (cheaper)

alternatives to maintenance are available.

Depreciation of a built asset’s capital/rental

value is the primary economic consequence.

Technical obsolete implies that the performance

of the building is deficient or otherwise lacking,

leading to dilapidation and, if left unattended,

dereliction. Functionally, a building usually

becomes underused because of obsolescence.

Complete vacancy, however, is the most

noticeable effect of building redundancy.

1.2 Retrofitting

According to Craft (2017), the current building

retrofits predominantly focused on energy and cost

efficiency at an individual building or building

component scale. A set of regenerative design

principles for building retrofits proposed to

emphasize the positive interactions an existing

building and improve occupant health and wellbeing,

then restore and enhance local ecosystems. A detailed

example will then used to demonstrate the principles

as a means of shifting the way designers and decision-

makers view the building retrofit design process

(Craft, W. et al., 2017).

Moreover, Kavani (2014) found that retrofitting

of an existing building into a green building taking

into account the aspects of energy, water, and

materials along with cost considerations such that the

occupant wellbeing, environmental performance, and

economic returns are improved (Kavani & Pathak,

2014).etrofitting based on repairing a green

achievement.

2 RESULT AND DISSCUSSION

2.1 State of the Art

The discourse on climate change has become an issue

in the construction industry in Indonesia in decades.

Officially, Indonesia has benchmark devices

environmentally friendly are rating tools to assess

green achievement. Firstly, according to SEDCK 86-

2016 rating tools, as shown in Table 1, demolition

means a demolish on entirely or apart of a building,

component, materials, also infrastructures. It means

in renovation works, and this addressed to the

buildings that have a similar scope and assessment

stage with the neighborhood. Second, as shown in

Table 2, renovation works only stated in Greenship

Green Renovation and Retroﬁtting as a Phenomenon

1.2 New Building (Greenship NB 1.2) from six

categories of rating tools. In the scope of the

assessment, renovation works addressed to

mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and structural

works percentage on a maximum of 90%. Moreover,

renovation works assessed on rating tools with

Greenship NB 1.2 as a new building. And not in post-

construction as an existing building to be assessed

with Greenship EB 1.1.

Table 1. The Rating Tools of SEDCK 86-2016 on Green

Source: Surat Edaran Dirjen Cipta Karya no. 86 / 2016

Note: Demolition as an action for post-operation of

the buildings towards green.

Table 2. The Rating Tools of Green Building Council

Indonesia on Green

Source: Greenship Rating Tools of Green Building

Council Indonesia

Note: Post-operation as Greenship 1.1 Existing Building

action towards green

According to Table 3, the average respondent is a

registered professional in 50.6%, and unregistered

49.4% of N. On mean 1.51, professionals are not

registered. While the certified professional is 47.2%,

uncertified is 52.8%. With mean 0.9, that professional

not certified. According to this research, based on

green work, the qualifications of respondents who

have a green certificate were only 22.5%. With mean,

1.78 professionals do not have green certification.

Furthermore, for what they have done while they are

registered and certified, the tools used during work

and years of experience are obtained in table 3. The

use of rating tools from two provided in Indonesia,

SEDCK 86-2016 and Greenship, who did not use

both tools amounted to 59.6%, SEDCK 86-2016

amounted to 12.4% and Greenship 28.1%. With mean

0.68, stated that both rating tools not widely used in

Indonesia by professionals.

Table 3. The Profiles of Professional on Green Work

However, according to green project experience and

green practices experience, both not to show to

attention by professionals. Experience on green

projects (mean 2.48) that have never done is 66.3%,

AR+DC 2019 - Architecture Research and Design Conference

which is rarely 16.9%, and those who worked on

more than two green projects are 15.7%. Then also

shown in working years on the green, which is less

than three years at 41.6%, up to six years at 15.7%,

up to Nine years at 30.3%, and never worked on green

projects at 12.4% as shown in table 3 — for working

years, taken since professionals recognized by the

certification board.

The emphasis is a paradigm that found on profiles

of professional studies for the current nine years as

the results of state of the art. Then, this study found

the empirical phenomena of green work on post-

operation in Indonesia.

2.2 Empirical Phenomena

Roulet (2002) stated that possible to rank or to rate

buildings or retrofit scenarios according to more than

one criterion. Moreover, Fowler (2006) used to

examine the performance or expected the

performance of a whole building and translate

performance assessment into a tool. It used to

compare the building performance of other buildings

or a performance standard (K M Fowler & Rauch,

2006).

Both related to the green evaluation studies to

obtain a strategy on achieving green with the

renovation and retrofitting work through assessing

approach. Hence, selected professionals used for

respondents, based on three climates and geographics

in Java island, Indonesia, to draw the phenomenon of

their practices.

2.3 Data Approaches

In this research, a case study is adopted as the data

collection approach because this method can help the

researcher to demonstrate the relationship between

the buildings and the tools that causing achieved the

green building assessment. Most importantly, the

study on the strategy of green achievement will bring

to the organization and also used by stakeholders in

managing the green building achievement for public

or government buildings can be more conducted and

valid on post-operation.

According to Patton (2002), criterion sampling

involves selecting cases that meet some

predetermined criterion of importance (Patton, 2002).

Respondent has taken from three provinces of Java

Island in Indonesia. They are architects, mechanical

& electrical engineers, structural engineers, &

construction managers who are consulting, technical

advocating, and supporting to increase capacity and

competence of building the organization for the

building sector and stakeholders.

According to Rashid (2011), that initiatives on

energy efficiency and greening of government

buildings aim to improve the quality of life.

Moreover, concerted efforts in formulating action

plans to further accelerate the energy efficiency and

green building agenda (Rashid et al., 2011; Reza Bin

Esa et al., 2011).

It is related to the green regulations towards a

green achievement to guide the building stakeholder

such as architects, engineers, owners, and building

management. Green Building defined that a building

has criteria and real performance significantly on

water and energy saving, and other sources through

green rules to function and classified its building

management. It addressed to programming, planning

& designing, construction, operation, and demolition.

Moreover, it divided into three categories:

mandatory, recommended, and voluntary for

greening achievement.

According to the research, drawn a phenomenon

of professional profiles that should be aware of the

post-operation stage to works on renovating and

retrofit.

3 CONCLUSION

Professional characteristics have an impact on

what they do in the area. According to the table, it

shows that professional practice (89 professionals) in

each region still has minimal potential. They used

benchmark devices environmentally friendly are

rating tools to assess green achievement SEDCK 86-

2016 rating tools and Greenship rating Tools.

Nevertheless, in this study, post-operation work

will be the goal of how professionals work according

to their competencies, and how professionals

recognize the post-operation work scope as well as

the readiness to start work. The table shows only a

few professionals who have certificates of work for

green buildings.

The discourse on climate change has become an

issue in the construction industry in Indonesia in

decades. Officially, Indonesia has benchmark devices

environmentally friendly are rating tools to assess

green achievement. Firstly, according to SEDCK 86-

2016 rating tools, as shown in table 1, demolition

means a demolish on entirely or apart of a building,

component, materials, also infrastructures. It means

in renovation works, and this addressed to the

buildings that have a similar scope and assessment

stage with the neighborhood. Second, as shown in

Green Renovation and Retroﬁtting as a Phenomenon

table 2, renovation works only stated in Greenship 1.2

New Building (Greenship NB 1.2) from six

categories of rating tools. In the scope of the

assessment, renovation works addressed to

mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and structural

works percentage on a maximum of 90%. Moreover,

renovation works assessed on rating tools with

Greenship NB 1.2 as a new building. And not in post-

construction as an existing building to be assessed

with Greenship EB 1.1.

According to table 3, the average professionals

registered in 50.6%, uncertified is 52.8%, green-

certified, only 22.5%. The use of rating tools, SEDCK

86-2016 and Greenship, who did not use both tools

on 59.6%, SEDCK 86-2016 amounted to 12.4% and

Greenship 28.1%. It stated that both rating tools not

widely used in Indonesia by professionals.

Actually, according to green project experience

and green practices experience, both not show

attention by professionals. Experience on green

projects that never done on 66.3%, which is rare

16.9%, and those who worked on more than two

green projects are 15.7%. Then also shown in

working years on the green, which is less than three

years at 41.6%, up to six years at 15.7%, up to nine

years at 30.3%, and never worked on green projects

at 12.4% for working years. This condition took since

professionals recognized by the certification board.

REFERENCES

Airaksinen, M., & Matilainen, P. (2011). A Carbon

Footprint of an Office Building. Energies, 4(8), 1197–

1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/en4081197

Cappelletti, F., Dalla Mora, T., Peron, F., Romagnoni, P.,

& Ruggeri, P. (2015). Building renovation: Which kind

of guidelines could be proposed for policy makers and

professional owners? Energy Procedia, 78, 2366–2371.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.189

Douglas, J. (2006). Building Adaptation (second ed.).

Edinburgh - UK: Spon Press.

Fowler, K M, & Rauch, E. M. (2006). Sustainable Building

Rating Systems Summary. https://doi.org/PNNL-15858

Fowler, Kimberly M., Rauch, E. M., Henderson, J. W., &

Kora, A. R. (2010). Re-Assessing Green Building

Performance: A Post Occupancy Evaluation of 22 GSA

Buildings. USA: U.S. General Services Administration.

https://doi.org/10.2172/1029438

Juliardi, R. D., Misnan, M. S., Khalid, A. G., & Haron, L.

(2019a). Recognizing of Building Components to

Achieve Green Performance for Renovation and

Retrofitting Works. In International Conference on

Green Energy and Environment (ICOGEE) (pp. 3–4).

Pangkal Pinang.

Juliardi, R. D., Misnan, M. S., Khalid, A. G., & Haron, L.

(2019b). The Problems in Renovation & Retrofitting

Works to Achieve Green Building Performance: a

Review. In P.-F. UTM (Ed.), International Graduate

Conference of Built Environment & Surveying (1st ed.,

Vol. 1, pp. 295–303). Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Kats, G., & E, C. (2003). The Cost and Financial Benefits

of Green Buildings (Vol. 232).

Kats, G. H., & E, C. (2003). Green Building Costs and

Financial Benefits. Massachusetts - USA:

Environmental Business Council of New England, Inc.

Retrieved from

http://www.bankerandtradesman.com/pub/4_91/comm

ercial/185123-1.html

Kavani, N., & Pathak, F. (2014). Retrofitting of an Existing

Building Into a Green Building. International Journal

of Research in Engineering and Technology, 03(06),

339–341. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0306062

Ma, Z., Cooper, P., Daly, D., & Ledo, L. (2012). Existing

building retrofits: Methodology and state-of-the-art.

Energy and Buildings, 55, 889–902.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.018

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation

Methods: 3rd edition (book review). Thousand Oaks,

USA: Sage Publication, Inc.

Presiden Republik Indonesia. UU RI no. 28 - 2002: ttg

Bangunan Gedung, Pub. L. No. 28/2002 (2002).

Indonesia.

Rashid, Y. R., Sulaiman, M. S., Aziz, A., Selamat, H., Mat

Yani, A. H., & Kandar, M. Z. (2011). Greening

government’s office buildings: PWD Malaysia

experiences. Procedia Engineering, 21, 1056–1060.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2111

Reza Bin Esa, M., Marhani, M. A., Yaman, R., Arzlee, A.,

Hanisah, H. N., Rashid, N., & Adnan, H. (2011).

Obstacles in Implementing Green Building Projects in

Malaysia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied

Sciences, 5(12), 1806–1812.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2015.12.002

RI, D. C. K. Surat Edaran no. 86/SE/DC/2016: ttg Petunjuk

Teknis Penyelenggaraan Bangunan Gedung Hijau

(BGH), Pub. L. No. 86/SE/DC/2016 (2016). Indonesia.

RI, M. P. PerMen PUPR No 2/PRT/M/2015: ttg Bangunan

Gedung Hijau, Pub. L. No. 02/2015 (2015). Indonesia.

AR+DC 2019 - Architecture Research and Design Conference