Sustainable Eco-Tourism Concept in Coastal Settlement Based on

Economic Sustainability

L Maulidiyah, E P N Choiroti, D Septanti

, R Kisnarini and H R Sumartinah

Department of Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Fishing Settlements, Eco-tourism, Sustainable tourism, Economical based

Abstract: Tourism is one of the main sectors in the national development of Indonesia. In addition to providing many

benefits, tourism is also one of the main sources of environmental damage. An area that has a lot of potential

for tourism development in the coastal settlement area. The Coastal settlement has the potential in terms of

environmental and economic aspects. It has abundant natural resources and has the potential to be conserved.

However, it is not supported by a good environment. Coastal settlement is stacked with a lot of garbage,

waste, and houses that are not well-treated. This study is conducted in Kampung Tambak Cemandi, Sidoarjo.

This study aims to formulate the concept of coastal settlement structure to become economy based sustainable

ecotourism. This study uses a qualitative method, in which the researcher describes and analyzes the real

condition of the village regarding problems and potential to become a tourist village. To determine the

strategy, a SWOT analysis was used. The result of this study is the concept of the Kampung Tambak Cemandi

arrangement being an ecotourism village with the concept of a sustainable economy. The concept of tourism

that can be applied in Kampung Tambak Cemandi Sidoarjo, is the development of the environment in the

context of environmental preservation and utilization of natural resources. In addition, the emphasis on

sustainable economic needs that involve the participation of local communities, in order to improve the

economy of the community and the government

1 INTRODUCTION

Tourism development is one of many ways to

increase the development of a country in terms of

economics. Tourism is expected to be able to provide

a major contribution to the increase in foreign

exchange in the efforts of the government to realize

the welfare and prosperity of the community, be it for

now or the future. However, tourism is also referred

to as one of the main sources of environmental

damage. The development of tourism nowadays is

dominated by economic and aesthetic values

compared to the development of social, cultural, and

environmental values. In good and effective

development, tourism can produce positive benefits

in terms of the economic, social, cultural, and natural

environment. According to Law of the Republic of

Indonesia no. 10 of 2009, it is stated that there is an

awareness of the concept of a sustainable

multidimensional approach, which is

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environmentally friendly, economically beneficial,

socially acceptable, and placing society as the core

subject of development (Sharvina, 2016). One form

of tourism products as a derivative of the concept of

sustainable tourism development is the concept of

ecotourism development and sustainable economy.

Ecotourism is a combination of various interests in

terms of social, economic, and environmental issues.

The main focus of ecotourism-based tourism is on the

potential of tourism for sustainability and culture in

the future (Dirawan, 2008). Development which

considers the capacity of natural resources and the

environment creates a harmonious condition with

sustainable economic development. In developing

tourism, an area needs to consider its potential. This

study was conducted in Kampung Tambak Cemandi,

Sidoarjo. This area has the potential of its economic

and environmental aspects, is known as the biggest

milkfish producer in Sidoarjo. The potential

economic and environmental aspects of the Kampung

Maulidiyah, L., Choiroti, E. P. N., Septanti, D., Kisnarini, R. and Sumartinah, H. R.

Sustainable Eco-Tourism Concept in Coastal Settlement Based on Economic Sustainability.

DOI: 10.5220/0013050900002836

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 10th Architecture Research and Design Conference (AR+DC 2019), pages 36-42

ISBN: 978-989-758-767-2; ISSN: 3051-7079

Tambak Cemandi in Sidoarjo is the economic aspect,

the community who mostly work as a fisherman

which can later increase the tourism, yet the area

remains underdeveloped and public awareness

regarding such a potential. In terms of environmental

aspect, this area is an area which mainly consists of

milkfish ponds; furthermore, this area is also a coastal

area in which most people live as a fisherman.

However, the environment is still slim and the

awareness of the community regarding their

environment is low and there is not any specific

attention nor effort to improve the quality of the

environment. With the problems and potential of

Kampung Tambak Cemandi, the development for the

village is in terms of social, cultural, and

environmental preservation with the concept of

ecotourism.

2 COASTAL SETTLEMENT

Fisherman settlement is located in a coastal area

including lakes and rivers. Not everyone living in this

area is a fisherman but there are also other fields of

occupation such as tourism, inter-island

transportation, etc (Umbara, 2003). Around the

settlement, there is a field that serves to dry fish. The

center of fish (TPI) is a place to buy and sell fish and

other supporting facilities for fishing. The community

itself has its own problems including poverty, social

inequality, economic pressures, limited access to

capital, technology, and markets, socio-economic,

low quality of human resources, degradation of

environmental resources, and low environmental

quality.

3 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

According to Haris (2000), the sustainability concept

can be divided into three aspects: (1) Economic

sustainability is a development that is able to produce

goods and services continuously, (2) Environmental

sustainability is a development that is able to maintain

stable resources, avoid exploitation of natural

resources and environmental absorption, (3) Social

sustainability is a system that is able to achieve

equality, provision of social services including health,

education, gender, and political accountability. The

concept of sustainable development is adapted in the

tourism sector as a model that integrates the physical

environment (place), the cultural environment (host

community), and tourists (visitors). Sustainable

tourism development is a development that can be

supported ecologically as well as economically, even

ethically and socially fair to the community (Hartono,

2014). According to the WTO (2001), the concept of

sustainable tourism development essentially

emphasizes 4 (four) principles, two of which are, an

environment that can be sustainable and

economically feasible. Sustainable tourism

development is essentially related to efforts to ensure

that natural, social, and cultural resources are used for

tourism development for now and generations to

come. According to Sharpley (2000), the

development of sustainable tourism is related to the

use of natural resources and human resources for the

long term. The concept of sustainable tourism has five

main pillars in its development including, among

others, economic performance, investment and

competitiveness, employment, human capital, and

natural and cultural environment sustainability

(UNWTO, 2013). According to Syamsu in Prakoso

(2008), an area is considered to be a tourist area based

on several factors including the scarcity factor, the

nature of tourist attraction that is unusual or rare,

natural factors, uniqueness, and community

empowerment factors that are able to encourage

people to participate.

4 ECOTOURISM

The International Ecotourism Society (2002) defines

ecotourism as a tourist trip that is responsible for

natural areas carried out aiming to conserve the

environment and preserving the lives and welfare of

the local community. Sustainable ecotourism can

have a positive impact on the environment.

According to the Green Tourism Association,

ecotourism in a tourism development has four pillars

and attributes, three of which are environmental

responsibilities, such as protection, conservation of

natural resources, and physical environment; local

economic vitality, which encourages the growth of

the local economy, business, and community; and

experimental richness, namely creating attractions

that can enrich and enhance a more satisfying

experience. An integrated ecotourism management

system is needed to build sustainable and community-

based ecotourism. This system involves a system of

planning, implementation, monitoring, and

evaluation that is able to integrate all interests of

stakeholders, such as the government, local

community, business people, researchers, academics,

and tourists. From the ecological aspect, planning to

measure the capacity of the environment is important

prior to the development. The environment capacity

shows the ability of the environment to support

Sustainable Eco-Tourism Concept in Coastal Settlement Based on Economic Sustainability

ecotourism activities, such as clean water, land

management, and biodiversity owned by the

ecotourism area. Economically, an ecotourism

development plan must include the calculation of the

cost of benefits from the development. In socio-

cultural terms, planning must incorporate the local

socio-cultural conditions of the community that can

be developed in ecotourism activities as well as

possible negative impacts that will be received as well

as the solutions. Ecotourism is a unity of tourism

values that are interrelated between the balance of

natural beauty and the effort to preserve. In

ecotourism development, it is necessary to pay

attention to several principles, namely the principle of

conservation, the principle of community

participation, and the principle of economics

(Subandi, 2005).

5 ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

Economic development based on natural resources

that do not pay attention to environmental aspects

would ultimately have a negative impact on the

environment since natural resources and the

environment basically have limited carrying capacity.

Economic development that does not pay attention to

the capacity of natural resources and the environment

will cause development problems in the future. In

terms of economics, there are two main reasons for

economic development to be sustainable: (1) Moral,

current generation enjoys goods and services

produced from natural resources and the

environment, so it is morally necessary to pay

attention to the availability of natural resources for

the next generations in the future, and (2) Ecology,

economic activity should not be directed at activities

to exploit natural resources and the environment

which can ultimately threaten ecological functions

(Fauzi, 2004).

6 METHODOLOGY

This study used the post-positivist paradigm since

there were other factors, namely community

participation that affected the objectivity and could be

applied in other studies with different contexts. The

design of this study used a qualitative method to

identify and understand the problems and potential of

the environment in Kampung Tambak Cemandi.

Furthermore, to determine the strategy, a SWOT

analysis (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity, and

Threats) was used. Data were analysed using

qualitative descriptive analysis. The data used were in

the form of qualitative data. The data needed to be a

map of the location, the landscape photography of the

study area, the potential of tourism objects, plans for

the development of tourism objects and areas, and

management and tourism attractions. These data were

obtained through field observation and interviews

with the community and related institutions. This

study used a case study in Kampung Tambak

Cemandi Sidoarjo and the local community. A case

study was selected due to the location which had a lot

of potentials to become a tourist village. This study

used a purposive sampling technique. Data were

collected to obtain primary data and secondary data.

The primary data were collected from two methods,

namely field observation, and an interview.

Secondary data were collected through literature

studies. Data were analysed using spatial analysis and

qualitative descriptive. Spatial analysis was selected

based on tourism potential mapping in Kampung

Tambak Cemandi. Data from interviews and

observation were analysed descriptively to explain

the result. The data that had been collected were

processed and analysed by dividing the steps into data

collection, data reduction, data presentation, and

conclusions

7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The location of our research is at Tambak Cemandi

Kalanganyar Sidoarjo. Here is the site location and

existing zoning area research of tourism settlements

examined in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Site Location and Existing zoning Area Research

Source: Writer Document

Within the area of our meticulous areas, there are

several zoning starting from fishing vessel base,

mangrove tourism area, TPI area of fresh fish,

fishermen residential area, bridge and gate area which

is the main access to the tourist area, and which The

most widespread of these areas dominate the region.

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In-depth interview techniques or group discussion

forums at this stage we interviewed 3 respondents

with. The background is different but with the scope

of the residence can be in the research area. Here are

some questions in our interview.

The interviews we do contain identity or personal

data from respondents, regarding name, age, address

and occupation. In addition, in interviews, we also

asked about the early history of the pond and the

development of the area around the pond. Knowledge

of the ownership of farms on site, the economy of the

site, how the area can become the largest producer of

Milkfish in Sidoarjo, community literacy related to

social and cultural activities, existing government

programs, Local people's wishes for farming and

preserving the environment, and the community's

desire if the village is a tourist kampong.

The result of this interview stage we collect

information that comes directly from the residents

about the location about where they live to be

developed into a tourist settlement. Our first

respondent was the mother of Kho aged 60 and lived

in the village of Tambak Cemandi Sidoarjo, her work

is a fishing pond and food vendors. The second

respondent is the mother of Az aged 35, she is a drink

and pulse salesman for the fishing visitor. Our third

Respondent Pak Sa was 55 years old as a sea

fisherman.

Based on information from the resource of the farm

already existed from the past and there are only seven

houses. The rights of his own are varied from the

people's property and belong to the distant. The

family economy of respondents was good enough but

still, some are lacking. Suggestions for government

programs are usually like free boats for poor citizens.

Many people are eager to make their village a tourist

kampung. From the interview in depth to three

respondents, we analysed with SWOT analysis

(Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) to

know the potential found in Kampung Tambak

Cemandi is described in Table 1

Table 1. SWOT Analysis

Economic factors and environmental factors in the

area of study. The following analysis is described in

Table 2 and Table 3.

Table 2. Economic factors Analysis

Table 3. Economic factors Analysis

In addition to the analysis of the four main factors,

there are details of the characteristic infrastructure

supporting the development of tourism of Cemandi

village, Kalanganyar, Sidoarjo. Here are the details:

1. The place to eat: like a café or a restaurant

that sells food based on local products from

Kampung Cemandi

2. Office of Information and security services:

covering security post, public service

facility and office for information and safety

in the form of coverage of Health place

(Puskesmas/Hospital)

3. Souvenir Center: Shops that sell processed

food from the village of Cemandi.

4. Clean water supply

5. Electricity network: Using energy-saving

resources such as solar system energy.

6. Trash bin: provision of trash at several

points with certain distance and provision of

TPA as a place of the final murder.

7. Road condition: The condition of the road is

already good (asphalt) with the addition of

the short-cut ways on each side for safety

and comfort

8. Road Signs and Directions

9. Transportation mode: There is special

transportation in the location of Cemandi

village, Kalanganyar.

10. Tourist parking places

Sustainable Eco-Tourism Concept in Coastal Settlement Based on Economic Sustainability

From the results of the analysis, it can be compiled

into a concept of the arrangement of Tourism village

Tambak Cemandi Kalanganya Sidoarjo. The analysis

gives a picture of the concept from the village tourism

village of Tambak Cemandi Sidoarjo described in the

following figure 2:

Figure. 2. Site Plan concept and time arrangement

Description:

A. Gate entrance, placed on a bridge that is a

marker of a tourist area.

B. The bridge is the main link and main access

location of the site from the city of Surabaya.

C. Information centre, located near the parking

area.

D. Place fish auction, in renovation so it can attract

many visitors and deserves to be used as a

tourist icon of this village.

E. The place to raise the result of fishermen, in the

form of open space that many people see as one

of the treats that can be enjoyed by visitors. F.

Tourist parking Place, placed on the front of the

village zoning Tourism Cemandi Village.

F. Tourist transportation, to reduce congestion in

the centralization of parking, and special

vehicles for visitors when traveling around.

G. Mini Museum, placed in the information as one

of the educational forms in the village tourism

complex.

H. Access mangrove tourism, in Add the access

Wusata in the mangrove zone that is part of this

area.

I. Boat Tours

J. Boat excursions, visitors can enjoy the boat

provided by the residents.

K. Kampung Wisata, House of residents become a

market that each can sell processed results, catch

from the results of the fishermen in this village.

L. Travel fishing pond, which has been attracted by

the community and can be developed again into

a unified tourism place.

M. Culinary tourism and garden, the provision of

food and playground is the main factor of the

key to the development of village tourism so that

people are interested to visit this tourism

complex.

N. A souvenir centre, placed at the very end of a

series of Cemandi tourist Kampong and can be

one of the driving factors of the economic

growth of local residents.

The site plan from the village tourism Village Tambak

Cemandi Sidoarjo is the details of the initial concept that

has been described in Figure 2. From the above site will be

described in a deeper partpart of the concept of architecture

that is correct with the needs and criteria of analysis above

Rute of the site plan from the village tourism Village

Tambak Cemandi Sidoarjo described in the following

figure 3

Figure. 3. Rute of the site plan concept and time

arrangement

Description:

1. After passing the gate entrance, the parking area

is the first place of a tourist. There is information

centre, located near the parking area.

2. Residents ' residential area in the tourist village

complex, there are a mosque and some facilities

3. Next stop is recreative tourism facility and

culinary tour

4. Last stop is the shopping tourism complex in the

village tourist villages

The concept of the entrance from Tambak Cemandi

village. The monumental gate can be an attraction for

tourists. The concept of TPI (fish Auction place) of

coastal results need to be done a total renovation due

to its existing condition is very concern. The modern

and open concept of TPI can make tourists interested

and feel when shopping.

Figure 4. Existing Main Gate and Fish Auction Place

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Figure. 5. Main gate concept and fish auction place

Here the existing public facility and Shelter on

residents’ settlements.

Figure 6. Existing public facility and Shelter on residents

settlements

Figure 7. Concept of public facility and Shelter on residents

' settlements

Overview of the concept of public facilities provided

in the village tourism village of Tambak Cemandi

Sidoarjo, among others, tour information Post-mini-

museum that explains at a glance about this tourist

village, public toilets, mosque, parking lots of tourists

and A special tourist attraction in this tourist area. The

main concept of the residents ' residential area in the

tourist village complex is the addition of a uniform

shelter in front of all the residents’ houses, whose

existence today is selling the results of fishermen both

from ponds and from the sea. The Shelter is free to

sell or m, promote the attraction of the residents such

as the thorns, fumes, and drying. From this concept,

it is intended for the economy of the villagers to be

raised and develop the resources and distinctive

features of the village.

Overview of the concept of recreative tourism in the

village tourism village of Tambak Cemandi Sidoarjo

are typical restaurants processed by residents and also

parks and play areas are provided for children. The

main concept of this facility is recreative and placed

on the edge of the main access road and in front of the

fishing pond area (pond which is functioning as the

fishing pool area). From the concept is aimed to make

this area a recreative function that is not only aimed

at the adult fishing activities but also can recreation

with children and families, the economy level of the

villagers can be increased. Here the existing of

recreative tourism facility.

Figure 8. Existing of recreative tourism facility

Figure 9. Concept of recreative tourism facility and

culinary tour

Figure 10. Existing shopes tourism in the tourist villages

Figure 11. Concept of shopping tourism in the village

tourist villages

Sustainable Eco-Tourism Concept in Coastal Settlement Based on Economic Sustainability

An overview of the concept of shopping tourism in

the village tourist villages Tambak Cemandi Sidoarjo

is allocated to settlements located on the end of the

corridor Street Tambak Cemnadi. The main concept

of this facility is to revive the economy of the

villagers so that on the front porch of the residents can

be allocated as an area selling souvenirs, by the

typical in this village. There is a view tower in this

area aims as an iconic and the attraction of this village

tourism so that the tourists feel curious and is located

to visit the area of the souvenir village and see the

view of this tourism village from above Tower. From

this concept, it is aimed to make this area a facility

that accommodates activities in terms of recreative

but still can improve the economy of the villagers

8 CONCLUSION

To date, the economy of the citizens is largely

from the results of working as fishermen and selling

fish cannot be used to appeal to tourists. Many local

tourists visit on weekends only. Lending a business

capital and a dedicated target to become. Tourist

village. Local cooperatives can support community

entrepreneurial activities. So that the economy of the

local and surrounding Waga can be lifted because in

addition to improving the income from fishermen also

get the results from tourists who come and enjoy the

tourism facilities provided and managed by the

community. From the results of the analysis, resulted

in the concept that has been shown before there are

some main points: the concept of modern and open

TPI can make tourists interested and feel when

shopping. The concept of the house arrangement of

residents aimed to make the economy of villagers can

be raised and develop resources and characteristics

that are already in this village. The concept is aimed

to make this area a recreative function that is not only

aimed at the adult fishing activities but also for

recreation of with children and families. The

economy of the villagers can be lifted, and the

concept of shopping tourism in the village Tambak

Cemandi Sidoarjo is a facility that accommodates

activities in terms of recreative but still can improve

the economy of the villagers.

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