Restoration of Public Facilities and Regulation of Gebang Lor

Corridor, Surabaya

Jayanata Putra, Radito Bachtiar, Muhammad Alfreno Rizani

, Dewi Septanti

Purwanita Setijanti

and Bambang Soemardiono

Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Keywords: Public Facilities, Road Corridor Arrangement, Development

Abstract: Basically, public facilities aim to improve people's welfare. Often, public facilities are not in accordance with

standards and conditions, especially in the corridors of a city. Corridors are spaces that are used as roads or

access from a room to another. Corridors in Surabaya generally have various business activities and services

that support the lives of surrounding communities and migrants. In addition to migrants as workers in

Surabaya in general are students who live around the corridor near the campus. The high activity is not

balanced with the availability of public facilities, such as the limited width of the road, not having parking

lots, public open spaces, green open spaces, pedestrian paths and so on. This has led to unfavorable

environmental conditions for the community and has made the corridor less organized both in function and

form. Then it is necessary to develop public facilities in the corridor. This research uses descriptive qualitative

context method. The context of this study is related to the characteristics of the region forming in the elements

of urban design, which explains the phenomenology of a corridor that is related to a specific social and

economic context. This analysis is conducted to determine the potential and problems that exist in the corridor.

The results of the study are structuring the corridor related to the circulation of motorized vehicles, parking

lots and building functions. In addition, there is also the development of public facilities in the form of

providing pedestrian paths, public open spaces and reintegrating green spaces to improve environmental

functions and improve economic, social and cultural conditions in the community.

1 INTRODUCTION

City design generally pay more attention to urban

physical forms. The forms of urban design can be

reflected as building facades, road network forms, and

other elements that influence the shape of urban areas

(Eko Budihardjo, 1999). The shape of the city is

connected with symbolic elements and reflects the life

of the people, so that the form of the city itself

becomes the center of attention of individuals, who see

the city as a manifestation of certain ideological

principles. There are problems that are specifically

related directly to the design elements of the city

starting from the functional problems of the area due

to uncontrolled development of land use, the

development of city physical development, violations

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of building height provisions, violations of building

border lines, multifunctional building issues, lack of

replaced green open spaces by a mass of buildings that

are so dense and there are still many more problems

facing a city. The economic growth of the city which

cannot be dammed by population growth (over

urbanization) in business and trade makes the city of

Surabaya also have to provide integrity between

traders and the trade district for them. The Gebang Lor

Corridor, located in the Gebang Putih district of

Surabaya, is one of the corridors that are crowded and

visited by the community, especially students from

several campuses in Surabaya 2 such as the Sepuluh

Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya State

Electronic Polytechnic, and so on. The development

of Gebang Lor is widely used by residents of the

Putra, J., Bachtiar, R., Rizani, M. A., Septanti, D., Setijanti, P. and Soemardiono, B.

Restoration of Public Facilities and Regulation of Gebang Lor Corridor, Surabaya.

DOI: 10.5220/0013050800002836

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 10th Architecture Research and Design Conference (AR+DC 2019), pages 28-35

ISBN: 978-989-758-767-2; ISSN: 3051-7079

surrounding area and outside investors to benefit

through their efforts. For this reason, an in-depth study

is needed regarding the characteristics, potentials and

problems that exist in the design elements of the city

along the Gebang Lor corridor.

2 THEORITICAL REVIEW

Everything changes in a city are the result of the

development of the human population in the region.

Increasing human needs make a shift in human life

that not only lives but also to survive and not depend

on nature. Humans as social beings cannot live alone

therefore they form a growing population and have

their own goals. The study material for the theory of

primary Urban Design is closely related to the

problem of the population formed by the Gebang Lor

community and used in this study there are 2 (two),

among others:

1. Trancik (1986) explains 3 (three) main

theories of urban design to find out an area,

namely Figure ground, Linkage, and Place

2. In his book The Urban Design Process,

Shirvani (1985) mentions the realm of urban

design includes spaces between buildings,

spaces created for the community that are

related to the physical quality of the

environment. In addition, Shirvani also

determined 8 (eight) physical elements in

City Design, namely Land Use, Building

Form and Massing, Circulation and parking

(Circulation and parking), Open space,

Pedestrian ways, Activity support, Signage,

and Preservation, refer to historical

structures and places that are economically

and culturally important.

The secondary theory is also according to Trancik

(1986) in the book Finding Lost Space, which is the

activity of entering a function or quality of a certain

space significantly whose results expect to enhance

space quality and social quality and have implications

that extend to the surrounding area. The principles in

Urban Catalys according to Donn Logan and Wayne

Attoe in The Concept of Urban Catalyst are:

1. New elements modify the surrounding

elements.

2. The existing elements are enhanced or

changed in a positive way.

3. Catalytic reactions do not damage the

context.

4. The positive catalytic reaction is the same.

5. The design of the catalyst is very strategic.

6. A product that is better than the amount of

ingredients.

7. The catalyst can still be identified.

An urban catalyst or Urban Catalyst is a new urban

rebuilding strategy consisting of a series of projects

that encourage and guide urban development. Past

rebuilding efforts, such as urban reforms and large-

scale rebuilding projects. Sometimes Urban Catalyst

also often endangers the vitality of the city center.

The difference between catalytic cities and this

redevelopment strategy is that catalytic

redevelopment with a holistic approach, not a clean

approach, is to revitalize urban structures because

many cities consider catalysis as a means of

revitalization. Among the most well-known catalytic

projects are sports stadiums and arenas, but not all

catalytic projects must be designed on this large scale,

nor do all cities have the potential to successfully

maintain the city's development, according to

Cermetrius Lynell Bohannon in The Urban Catalyst

Concep (2004) . Some important points in carrying

out this Urban Catalyst design are:

1. Creating pedestrian traffic is the most

important way for a project to drive

development.

2. Development needs to be well designed and

connected with the environment visually and

physically.

3. An interesting development in pedestrian

traffic can function as an ease even if

pedestrians do not enter it.

4. The character of development that is

integrated with its ability to complete its

context can help make facilities that spur

development.

5. The project must be relevant to its location.

In this study, not all urban elements above are used to

analyze the whole. Some of them are modified,

adapted to the conditions of the surrounding

environment. In a city component can not be

separated from structuring theory, where structuring

a corridor is an important thing that needs to be

addressed in this research problem. The arrangement

itself has a better nature and can make an area or

corridor a comfort and in accordance with its

constituent elements. According to Pingkan (2013)

explaining the arrangement of the area or area is one

of the social engineering efforts held in an area and

carried out simultaneously with efforts to create a

comprehensive system related to activities that take

place in the region, taking into account environmental

quality. This is expected to present a new order that

can give hope for a higher quality of life. The process

Restoration of Public Facilities and Regulation of Gebang Lor Corridor, Surabaya

and results of regional structuring are efforts to

educate the behavior of the surrounding community

and educate the users of the area to be in accordance

with the objectives of the regional arrangement.

Regional arrangement has the purpose:

1. Developing the social life of the local

community. 2. Improve the economy of the

local community

2. Develop environmental quality and preserve

the environment (social, economic and

environmental).

The previous research (Difi at al, 2016) which

discussed public facilities in the form of skywalk

located in Cihampelas, Bandung, can affect air

quality which can turn into healthy air and this can be

considered by the government in the construction of

public facilities. While in this study discussing public

facilities used as structuring the corridor with the

establishment of skywalk and other supporting

aspects as a means for the community around the

corridor based on the Urban Catalyst concept. The

Skywalk is expected to be able to accommodate

various activities in a single forum to increase

economic growth.

3 RESEARCH METHODS

This study uses a descriptive qualitative method of

context, which explains the phenomenology of a

corridor related to the specific economic context of

trade. The research method is carried out in three

stages, the first stage of data collection which aims to

find relevant data with discussions through various

references or existing documents by direct

observation of the object of research and interviews

with parties involved both formally and informally.

The second stage of data compilation is to compile

the collected data then classified according to type.

The third stage is by analyzing the data comparatively

where comparing the collected data with a particular

reference or theory then analyzing the problem that

occurs in the case study.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Sites

The The location of the city corridor which will be

used as a case study is located on Jalan Gebang Lor,

Gebang Putih Village, Sukolilo, Surabaya. This

corridor segment is located on the outskirts of

Surabaya with a corridor of ± 465 meters.

Figure 1. Map of A. City of Surabaya, B. District of

Sukolilo and C. Corridor of Gebang Lor

Source:

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Peta_Kota_Surabaya.

jpg, http://lokanesia.com/peta-kecamatan-sukolilo-

surabayatimur/ & https://www.google.com/maps/@-

7.2812919,112.7875164,17.74z

4.2 Analysis

The following are some elements of the city design

that will be explained in the Gebang Lor corridor area

related to the characteristics, potential and problems

that exist in each component, including:

1. Land Use

Figure 2. Gebang Lor Corridor Land Use Map

Source: http://petaperuntukan.surabaya.go.id/cktr-map/

Based on the Land Use map downloaded from the

Surabaya city c-Map site. In the Gebang Lor corridor

it is generally a trading area and commercial services,

while the types of businesses include printing,

photocopying, food stalls, coffee shops, and so on.

The following are the existing conditions of the

Gebang Lor corridor.

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Figure 3. 3D Visual of Gebang Lor Existing

Source : Personal Documentation

Figure 4. Kondisi Koridor Gebang Lor

Source : Personal Documentation

From the above explanation, it can be seen the

potential that develops and the problems that occur in

the object of the case study according to the issues

that develop according to the background. • The

potential that exists in the land use element is in the

area of trade and commercial services, because

almost all of the corridors of Gebang Lor are filled

with various businesses. This has a positive impact on

economic improvement for the surrounding

community. • Problems that occur are in trade and

settlement areas, public parking is a difficult thing for

business owners to provide due to the limited

available land. This is also caused by uncontrolled

land use, as well as existing building line regulations

tend to be ignored. In addition, in this region there are

also no green open spaces and public open spaces.

2. Building Form

In structuring a city, forms and relationships between

masses such as building height, distance between

buildings, building facades need to be known when

looking at building elements. a. Building Height

There are 3 (three) types of building height in the

Gebang Lor corridor area as follows:

1) The height of a 3-storey building is in the mosque

building and several boarding houses with a

building height of more than 12 meters.

2) The height of a 2-storey building, which is part

of a shop and a house with a building height of

8-10 meters.

3) The height of the building is 1 storey, which is in

shop buildings, houses, boarding houses, stalls,

and workshops with a building height of 4-6

meters.

from the photo above it can be seen that the height of

the building is quite diverse. This caused the building

facades to be diverse and unique. In addition, with the

elevation of the building bervaria also gives a tone to

the corridor.

3. Distance of Building

Being in a densely populated area, making the

distance of buildings in the Gebang Lor corridor less

attention. Next is Figurean related to the distance of

buildings in the Gebang Lor corridor.

Figure 6. Distance of Building at Gebang Lor

Source : Personal Documentation

From the photo above, it can be seen that the distance

of buildings in this area is very minimal. Generally,

buildings in this area coincide with each other, so that

this area looks slum.

4. Circulation and Parking

a. Circulation

The circulation path of the Gebang Lor

corridor is a 2-way route, so it can be

accessed from the main ITS roundabout or

from Jl. White Gebang and Jl. Manyar Kerta

Adi. The width of the road in this corridor is

6-8 meters, here are the conditions of the

existing circulation in the corridor of

Gebang Lor.

Figure 7. Circulation at Gebang Lor

Source : Personal Documentation

From the existing conditions, it can be seen

that the circulation path for 2 (two)

directions is very inadequate, especially if

there are vehicles parked on the roadside that

can disrupt existing circulation flows.

Restoration of Public Facilities and Regulation of Gebang Lor Corridor, Surabaya

b. Parking

In the Gebang Lor corridor, it does not have

a specially planned parking element, so

generally vehicle parking is only placed on

the highway in front of the building directly.

Figure 8. Condition of Parking and Circulation

Source : Personal Documentation

Judging from these conditions, that the parking

element is needed to support business activities, but

with the limited available land causes this element

can inhibit the flow of circulation in the region.

5. Open Space

In the Gebang Lor corridor, there is no element

of green open space or public open space. This is

due to the high occupancy needs that can no

longer be accommodated by this region. Even

though the need for this element is very

important, because there are many activities in

this region.

6. Pedestrian Ways

In the Gebang Lor corridor, there are no

pedestrian elements. This is caused by limited

available land and no planning in this area.

7. Activity Support

The following are some of the types of

supporting activities found in the corridor of

Gebang Lor.

a. Food stalls

Food stalls located in the corridor of Gebang Lor

are generally simple stalls that provide a menu of

East Javanese specialties and some typical

Padang food. The condition of the building used

is in the form of permanent and semi-permanent

buildings. The following is the distribution point

of the food stalls located in the corridor of

Gebang Lor.

Figure 9. Points of Food Stalls

Source : Personal Documentation

From the photo above, you can see the spread of

food stalls in the corridor of Gebang Lor. It can

be seen that the stalls are scattered in several

points and are generally not side by side.

b. Printing and Fotocopy Business

Gebang Lor Corridor which is located with

several large campuses makes a new business

opportunity in the form of printing and

photocopying. The following is the distribution

point of the printing and photocopying business

in the corridor of Gebang Lor.

Figure 10. Points of Distribution of Printing Business

and Photocopy Source : Personal Documentation

From the photo above, it can be seen the

distribution of printing and photocopying

businesses in the corridor of Gebang Lor. It can

be seen that these businesses are quite widely

available and spread over several points and

some of them are close together.

c. Coffee Shop and Cafetaria

It is known as an area close to several large

campuses, so in addition to printing and

photocopying businesses, there are also many

coffee shops and cafeterias. The following is the

distribution point of the coffee shop and cafeteria

in the corridor of Gebang Lor.

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Figure 11. Pointss of Coffe Shop and Cafetarians

Source: Personal Documentation

From the photo above, it can be seen the

distribution of coffee shops and cafeterias in the

corridor of Gebang Lor. It is seen that scattered

at several points, generally small stalls with

permanent buildings.

7. Signage

In the Gebang Lor corridor, elements in the form

of a signage are located in two areas, namely

located in the entrance and exit of this corridor.

The following is a marker system found in the

Gebang Lor corridor.

Figure 12. Signage at Gebang Lor

Source: Personal Documentation

From the photo, the signage elements used are

different. The most prominent on the marker

system elements located on the west side. This is

because it is the main gate for this region and a

barrier to other regions.

8. Preservation and Conservation

In the Gebang Lor corridor, there is no element

of preservation and conservation. This is because

this area is a trading area and commercial

services and settlements.

The results of the observations described to

produce the development of public facilities in the

form of providing pedestrian pathways as a top

priority, public open space, to improve environmental

functions and economic, social and cultural

conditions, the establishment of a Skywalk. This can

create an interesting visual and physical development

and pedestrian traffic that can improve the quality of

the 10 Gebang Lor environment. The establishment

of the Skywalk can fulfill the seven principles of

Urban Catalyst, which present a new element

positively and have product quality in its context,

namely as the development of the quality of social life

in an economically and environmentally sustainable

society. The formation of the Skywalk can be

designed with eight elements of Shirvani (1985) that

focus on seven principles of the Urban Catalyst.

1. Land Use Concept

Arranging zoning areas between public spaces and

trade and service developments.

Figure 13. Land Use Concept

The concept of land use makes the skywalk the center

of trade and services so that settlement zoning is not

disturbed and can be used as a safer and more

maximal circulation.

2. Building Form Concept

Making a Skywalk with a height that does not exceed

the surrounding buildings and still has a standard

scale that suits the surrounding environment.

Figure 14. Building Form Concept

Source : praline-wordpress.com

The concept of a skywalk building that builds up with

a height that does not exceed the surrounding

buildings, so that it can be used as an intensity view

that is in proportion and scale.

3. Parking and Circulation

Concept With the Skywalk design it can improve

smooth circulation and provide more organized

Restoration of Public Facilities and Regulation of Gebang Lor Corridor, Surabaya

parking with certain land acquisition to maximize the

Skywalk concept.

Figure 15. Parking and Circulation Concept

Source:bandung merdeka.com, nusantara.medcom.id

The concept of circulation and parking that aims to

overcome irregularities in the corridor and provide

new jobs for the surrounding community with a more

organized parking system.

4. Open Space Concept

Open space can be in the form of skywalk with the

intensity of open space can be arranged according to

the arrangement of trade and suits that are on the

skywalk.

Figure 16. Open Space and Retail Concept

Source : radio PRFM, bandung merdeka.com

The concept of open space in the skywalk with

arrangements that are adjacent to the trading area, so

as to maximize each space.

5. Pedestrian Ways Concept

The concept of pedestrians being moved to Skywalk

can develop local economic, social and cultural

qualities.

Figure 17. Pedestrian Ways Concept

Source : Kalimantan-bisnis.com

The concept of the pedestrian path is preferred in the

corridor of Gebang Lor with the aim to maximize the

economic, social and cultural sectors of the

surrounding environment.

6. Activity Support Concept

Maximizing activities that occur on Gebang Lor road

can develop rapidly and quality through the design of

the Skywalk.

Figure 18. Activity Support Concept

Source: prfmnews

The concept of activity that is used as a support for

skywalk is the trade and service sector that can

develop the quality of the skywalk in that

environment.

7. Signage Concept

The characteristics of the Gebang Lor road that can

be formed with the Skywalk pattern can make this

location an investment value that can be characterized

by the influence of new elements on the side of a city

Figure 19. Signage Concept

Source:konfrontasi.com,tempatwisatadisingapore2.blogsp

ot.com

The concept of a marker in the form of identity from

an area with a local concept such as an eco-walk with

a marker as a shopping center and double helix bridge

with a marker as a link to popular places in Singapore.

8. Preservation Concept

Broadly speaking, Skywalk data provides place

values of a city and can be a historical one that is

formed in the future.

Figure 20. Preservation and Place Values Concept

Source : wisatasingapore.net

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The concept of place value presented to show the

progress of the city with its modern style can make

the historical changes from a city to modern

5 CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions from the description above, it can be

concluded that the Gebang Lor corridor is formed by

several elements, one of which is a strong forming

element in the form of supporting activities in the

region. But with the high demand for shelter and trade

and services in the corridor, the area does not have

enough space to accommodate various activities in

the region. The availability of pedestrian elements,

green open space and public open space is difficult to

fulfil due to limited available land. Whereas in city

design, what must be prioritized is the need for

humans, not the need for motorized vehicles. Then

planning is needed as regional development that can

overcome the problems that exist in the corridor. One

of the best choices to be realized is the creation of

skywalk that functions as a pedestrian pathway, and

can be optimized to be used as public open spaces

with integrated green open spaces.

REFERENCES

Bohannon, C.L., 2004. The Urban Catalyst

Concept (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic

Institute & State University).

Budihardjo, E. and Sujarto, D.1999. Kota Berkelanjutan.

Alumni. ISBN 9789794140598

Shirvani, H. 1985. TheUrban Design Process. Van

Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN 9780442280642

Trancik, R. 1986. Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban

Design (1

Edition). Wiley. ISBN 978-0471289562

Restoration of Public Facilities and Regulation of Gebang Lor Corridor, Surabaya