Kinship and Its Influence on the Distance of Social Space in Gender

Life in Fisherman Settlements

Idawarni Asmal

and Edward Syarif

Lab. Disain Perumahan dan Lingkungan Permukiman, Departemen Arsitektur,

Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Hasanudin, Indonesia

Keywords: Kinship, Social Space distance, Gender Life, Fisherman Settlements

Abstract: Homogeneity is one of the characteristics of the village community. The homogeneity will certainly affect

the pattern of citizen interaction. In the village community adhering to the principles of kinship, friendship,

and appreciation, one of the effects is on the distance of interaction. Based on this, the purpose of the research

is to find out how far the interaction formed when interacting with fellow citizens. The method used is

exploration by observing the various interactions between gender and age. The result is that all interaction

activities have a close distance, especially between genders. The difference lies in age and different sexes,

age because of respect for the older, different sexes because of different male and female characters on the

topic of conversation when interacting.

1 INTRODUCTION

Communities are homogeneous. The number of

residents does not cause a lot of interaction between

citizens quite intensely and know each other. The

same belief, taste, and behaviour are adhesive factors

(Anisa Mansyur).

Kinship is a matter that is very influential on the

quality and quantity of personal and social relations

between individuals and between groups. Gottdiener

and Hutchison's (2006) theory states that the

relationship between humans, space and the new built

environment is influenced by several social factors

such as gender, class. race, age, status, religion, and

culture. The same is true of the people who live on the

Ujung Kassi island-like gender, age, status, religious,

and tradition influence the nature of community

interaction. Tannen in Juliano P.S. (2015) believes

that there is a gap between men and women because

each party is in a cross-cultural position.

People in the village of Ujung Kassi are adherents

of Islam and in Islam, there are clear provisions for

the procedure of association between men and

women. in terms of interaction, several provisions

must be followed, among others: 1. Ghadlul Bashar

(looking down) based on the word of Allah Ta'ala in

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-7329

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-8682

the QS. An-Nuur: 30., and 2. Not alone with foreign

women (not mahram and not his wife). that is said in

Shahihul Bukhari, from Ibn Abbas Radliyallah ‘Anhu

(Ajmain Halta. 2015). These two things are very

influential in social relations, where women must

always maintain the boundaries of association with

the opposite sex. These values will influence the

social activities of the community. The study aimed

to determine the distance of the social space of both

men and women who lived in the UjungKassi island.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

Using the exploration method, researchers conduct

deep scans on community activities in social space.

Explore how the distance between social spaces

formed between the same sex and the opposite sex in

a society that is still homogeneous and has a high

kinship. The population is the community (male and

female adults) who live at the Ujung Kassi, while the

sample is all people (men and women adults) who are

interacting to find out the distance between social

spaces formed between them when interacting. While

to find out the level of the kinship of residents is done

Asmal, I. and Syarif, E.

Kinship and Its Inﬂuence on the Distance of Social Space in Gender Life in Fisherman Settlements.

DOI: 10.5220/0013050600002836

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 10th Architecture Research and Design Conference (AR+DC 2019), pages 15-19

ISBN: 978-989-758-767-2; ISSN: 3051-7079

by distributing questionnaires with samples between

15-20% of households. Sugiono (2003) that if a small

population is taken between 10% -15% or 20% -55%

or more depending on the survey area size and the

ability of the researcher. Based on this, we take 30

samples from 150 households.

2.1 Research Sites

Figure 1: Map of Makassar City and Ujung Kassi Island

Figure 2: Research Location

2.2 Research Data

The resident of Ujung Kassi island in conducting

interactions is also very intense and almost all people

know each other well. This is evidenced by the ability

of respondents (93,3%) to know the long names and

nickname of community members who reside in the

northern, southern, and surrounding areas of the

mosque (the central part of the island) and only 6,7%

remember the long names but not the nickname. From

the data collection, Figure 2 shows the relationship

between the quality of the kinship of the people who

are their closest neighbours

Figure 3: Graphic and scheme of kinship relations in

Settlements

Figure 3: The series of woman and men activities of in

settlements

The distance of social space between women and

men. Communication has generally wider distances.

Women are more distant from men who are the other

person. The talks that take place are generally a

minimum distance of 1 m.

• The range of social space that occurs between

women. communication looks familiar, physical

distance is very close and even physical contact

AR+DC 2019 - Architecture Research and Design Conference

occurs (fleas and fussing activities), especially with

the same age. The place of women's interaction

occurs mostly in private and semi-private spaces.

Women generally interact in a relaxed time.

• The length of social space between men.

Communication looks familiar, especially at the same

age. Generally, the interception takes place in the

workspace or close to work, or in public places. Men

generally interact while working.

3 DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Spacing Between Social Space

Women and Men in Interacting

According to Emory S. Bogardus through social

distance can be used to determine the emotional

closeness between individuals and other individuals

(Damanik, 2015). Based on field observations, it was

found that women and men in

communication/interaction had a distance of more

than 1m. If converted in feet, it is in the range of 4-12

feet. When referring to the scheme described by Hall

(1966), the distance is included in social space.

Following this, the picture shows the informal

distance distribution in the interpersonal

communication carried out by Hall.

As for knowing the message and focal characters

from these distances are described by Phethai

Tulitatham (2011) as follows:

Table 1: Personal, social, and public distance zone

characters

Distance Distance

Name

Vocal

Characte

Fill in The

Message

0-6 inci Intimate

distance

(close

hase)

Fine

whispers

Top secret

6-18 inch Intimate

distance

(far phase)

A whisper

that can be

hear

Very secret

1.5-2.5

feet

Personal

distance

(close

hase

)

Smooth

voice

Personal

problems

2.5-4 feet Personal

distance

(

far

hase

)

Very soft

voice

Personal

problems

4-7 feet Social

distance

(close

hase

)

Full voice Non-personal

information

7-12 feet Social

distance

(Far

phase)

The sound

is full but

rather loud

Public

information

that can be

heard by

others

12-25 feet Public

distance

(close

phase)

A loud

sound that

the group

can hear

Public

information

that can be

heard by

others

≥ 25 feet Public

distance

(Far

hase

)

The

loudest

sound

call

At a distance of 4-7 feet (the conversation gap

between men and women in settlements) is still

within close proximity of the social phase with full

voice characters and the information delivered is non-

personal. Social distance in the near phase takes place

in settlements, this can occur because residents are

still in kinship ties. This is evidenced in Figure 2,

which shows kinship ties with neighbours. Different

from the case when interacting with others who are

just known, the distance is even further 7-12 feet

(2,13-3,66 m), and the information presented is public

information that can be heard and known by others.

3.2 The Social Distance Between

Women

At Women in the Ujung Kassi neighbourhood look

close to each other in interacting. Interaction looks

familiar, sometimes even in some activities, physical

contact occurs such as searching for lice and belching

especially with the same age. But for those who are

not of the same age, the interaction range is looser

usually if they are in different generations (older) or

people from outside the neighbourhood. The

closeness of the distance between the same age is

supported by Herlina (2013) that people with equal

status make a closer distance between them compared

to people who have different statuses (status, in this

case, means both age, education, single or housewife)

Kinship and Its Inﬂuence on the Distance of Social Space in Gender Life in Fisherman Settlements

The closeness of interaction among women is in

the circle of intimate space (0-1.5 feet / 0-0457m) and

personal space (1.5-4 feet / 0.457-1.22 m), because

women have a tendency to talk about personal

problems and reveal intimate information, Tannen

said that in terms of communication there are

differences between men and women which are

categorized into several sections as follows public

speaking and private speaking. Women are more

comfortable using private speaking to convey

information, different from men who are more

comfortable using public speaking or public

discussion when delivering information (https://pakar

Komunikasi.com/teori-gender-dalam-komunikasi-

understanding-concepts)

In addition to private speaking talks, the nature of

the conversation is also more communal, Wright

(2006) said, women's friendship is more intimate

because women are more likely to be involved in

more communal activities. conversely, men are more

instrumental. Another aspect of friendship according

to Watson (2012), women's friendship tends to be

broader and holistic than men who have more limited

friendships. In addition, Goleman (1995) in Khaterina

and Lili Garliah (2012) women, include emotional

elements that show more empathy in their

interpersonal relationships than men. A woman will

reduce her personal space if her interlocutor is

familiar. Getting closer to the interlocutor, his

personal space is also getting smaller. Women

generally have a smaller personal distance than men,

and women tend to be close to fellow women ( Sesilia

C. Monalisa F Gultom, 2009).

In early 1982, Paul Wright pointed to the style of

interaction as the main difference between the

friendship of women and men. He noted that women

tend to engage with their faces, while men usually

interact side by side. With this, Wright means that

women communicate directly and verbally with each

other to share themselves and their feelings

(Khaterina and Lili Garliah, 2012). Interpersonal

communication through face to face has one

advantage which involves nonverbal behaviour,

facial expression, physical distance, paralinguistic

behaviour that greatly determines social distance and

intimacy (Liliweri, 1991).

3.3 Social Distance Between Men

In the picture it can be seen if the interaction between

men and men is also close, both men and women

prefer intimate friendships, but the topic of the

conversation was different. Differences in the types

of interactions men and women have with their

friends. Women more often than men report that they

value and prefer conversation and discussion about

personal topics. Men, on the other hand, more often

report preferences for pursuing activities (Elkins and

Peterson. 1993). Similarly, Khaterina and Lili Garliah

(2012) stated that speaking in men's friendships

generally revolves around less personal topics such as

sports, events, money, music, and politics. Talk

between female friends tends to be personal and

disclosive (Khaterina and Lili Garliah, 2012).

Personal space men become big when they get along

with men compared to when they get along with

women. A person's personal space usually increases

with age but will decrease again at a certain age.

Same-sex friendship is more common and takes

longer than Friendship for Women and Men in Same

and Cross-Sex Relationships

(https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407593104010)

4 CONCLUSIONS

In interacting, the distance between women is closer

to other women, sometimes even touching. Their

conversation is dominated by secret matters and takes

place in semi-public spaces with long duration.

Implemented after domestic work is complete. Men

also have a close distance in communication, but not

as close as if communication occurs between women.

Their talks ranged from work, hobbies, politics, and

matters related to village conditions. The space used

is semi-private to private. The two types of

interactions between sexes take a long time.

Interactions between different sexes (men and

women), women tend to keep a distance from the

person they are talking to (male), the duration of the

conversation is short, and the material for the

discussion is something special relationships and

their influence on the distance of social space in

gender life in fishing settlements. Interpersonal

closeness is strongly influenced by age, gender, and

kinship. The closer the kinship relationship the higher

the intensity of the interaction and the closer the

distance, even if it is of different sexes. But despite

having a family relationship, the distance of

communication is a little further as a means of

appreciation to the older.

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Kinship and Its Inﬂuence on the Distance of Social Space in Gender Life in Fisherman Settlements