The Development of Ecotourism Based in Kondang Merak Fishermen

Village, Malang, East Java

Angga Perdana

, Muhammad Alfreno Rizani

and Muhammad Al Qardawy

Real Estate, Department of Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Keywords: Community, Ecotourism, Fishermen Village, Sustainable Development

Abstract: Fishermen village in Kondang Merak has a variety of biodiversity, there are beaches, natural scenery, a variety

of marine life, and Javanese Lutung conservation forests. Based on the existing environmental potential, the

area will be developed as leading tourism based on a program made by the Malang Regency Government.

The development will be carried out, namely the development of ecotourism to support sustainable

development that is environmentally friendly. Based on these ecotourism activities, the development of the

area must fulfill the principles of sustainable development, it must be paying attention to social, economic,

cultural and environmental aspects, and applying the principles of sustainable development goals (SDGs).

The development of fishing villages in the area is focused on providing facilities that support ecotourism

activities, such as lodging, worship facilities, culinary, souvenir sales, and tourism dock. The results of the

development of the fishing village in Kondang Merak are an effort to improve the economy of the local

community. In accordance with the planned development that will be carried out, it is expected that the

harmony between fishermen settlements and ecotourism facilities is developed. As a manifestation of

sustainable development, regional development is based on the use of local materials, renewable energy

sources, and environmentally friendly management. Communities need to be empowered to respond to the

existing potential without ignoring their environment so that adequate knowledge is needed through both

formal and non-formal education related to this. This research uses a combined strategy, case study, and

qualitative research strategies. With this strategy, it will be seen how the concept of sustainable development

and sustainable development goals is implemented in the case study of the Kondang Merak Integrated

Fisherman Tourism village area so that it can lift the potential of the location and improve the standard of

living of the local community.

1 INTRODUCTION

Kondang Merak Fisherman Village is located in

Sumberbening Village, Bantur District, Malang

Regency, East Java. In this area, there are beaches,

mangrove forests and the other biodiversity. This area

has become a tourism object that visited by local and

foreign tourists to snorkelling, camping, etc. Kondang

Merak beach has the best place for snorkelling in the

southern java sea, it caused by the topography and the

characteristics of the beaches biodiversity.

The tourism facility in Kondang Merak fisherman

village is managed by the local community, several

facilities are managed by residents, including culinary

area, camping ground, and several accessories

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-2278

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-5003

grocery stores. In this area, there are also Javanese

Lutung conservation areas which are at the northern

part of the beach.

The potential that is quite interesting to develop

into the ecotourism Fisherman Village. In 2016 the

government of Malang Regency were began

developing the Kondang Merak area into the fishery

centre of western Malang region. With the dock

construction project and the addition of the number of

fishing boats it was expected to be able to increase the

marine products of Malang Regency.

Besides the dock and fish auction sites, this area

has the potential to be developed as a culinary tourism

area, which will also increase the income of residents.

At this time there are already many seafood

Perdana, A., Rizani, M. A. and Al Qardawy, M.

The Development of Ecotourism Based in Kondang Merak Fishermen Village, Malang, East Java.

DOI: 10.5220/0013050500002836

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 10th Architecture Research and Design Conference (AR+DC 2019), pages 5-14

ISBN: 978-989-758-767-2; ISSN: 3051-7079

restaurants with the famous menu is satay tuna. In

addition to satay tuna serving, along the shoreline are

also available a variety of menus with basic

ingredients of marine product including sweet

tamarind octopus, fish head with spicy sauce, octopus

with oyster sauce, and fish kebabs.

For this reason, a design concept that is adaptable

to the environmental conditions of the region and

attractive to support the development is needed to

manage the Kondang Merak beach area becomes an

ecotourism area that not only supports the economy

of the local community but also Malang regency in

general and has an attraction for excellent ecotourism

object in Malang regency.

2 THEORY AND METHODS

Based on tourism regulations in the Law of the

Republic of Indonesia Number. 19 year of 2009 [5]

that the tourism area must have attractions, public

facilities, tourism facilities, accessibility, together

with interconnected communities and complete the

realization of tourism.

2.1 Regulation of Tourism

Development

According to Law No. 01 of 2011 [6], housing and

settlement areas are an integrated system consisting

of guidance, housing administration, administration

of residential areas, maintenance and repair,

prevention and improvement of the quality of slums

and settlements, land supply, funding and financing

systems, and also the role of the community.

1. Coastal Community Housing and

Settlements

a. Coastal Building Forms

1) The shape of houses on stilts is

generally in an area on the water,

both on the boundary space of the

coast and land

2) The form of ordinary houses is

generally located in a puddle-free

area.

b. Building status and Land Ownership in

Coastal Area

1) State Land Status on water or land.

2) Land ownership from generation to

generation.

3) Build house patterns in family

groups.

4) Land tenure by traditional coastal

reclamation.

The requirements for the development of coastal

housing and settlements [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,] are:

a. The distance between buildings that

considers each house to get good lighting

and air circulation, safe from infectious

diseases, and easy implementation of the

provision of environmental

infrastructure.

b. The distance between buildings and roads

that can support smooth and safe traffic,

reduce air pollution and dirty noises, and

the availability of playgrounds.

c. The distance between the building and the

beach that can preserve the coast, can be

filled with green lines to reduce wind

power, and overcome coastal erosion.

2.2 Ecotourism Theory

Ecotourism is defined as the concept of sustainable

tourism development that aims to support efforts to

preserve the environment (natural and cultural) and

increase community participation in management,

thus providing economic benefits for the local

community [1,8,9].

2.2.1 Ecotourism Criteria

According to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of

the Republic of Indonesia (2009) [2,15] ecotourism

has many full definitions of principles in tourism

whose activities refer to 4 (four) important elements:

1. Provide experience and education for tourists to

increase understanding and appreciation of the tourist

destinations they visit. Education is provided through

an understanding of the importance of environmental

preservation while the experience is provided through

creative tourism activities accompanied by excellent

service; 2. Minimizing the negative impacts that can

damage the environmental and cultural

characteristics of the area visited; 3. Involve the

community in management and implementation; and

4. Provide economic benefits, especially for the local

community. Therefore, ecotourism activities must be

profitable.

2.2.2 Principle of Ecotourism

The principle of ecotourism is a variety of

principles that govern to unite environmental

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conservation, community development, and

sustainable tourism. This means that those who

implement, participate in ecotourism must implement

the criteria and principles. The principles of

ecotourism are as follows: 1. Minimizing physical,

social, behavioural, psychological impacts; 2.

Building environmental awareness, culture, and

respect; 3. Providing positive experiences for visitors

and hosts; 3. Providing direct financial benefits for

conservation or environmental preservation; 4.

Generate financial benefits for the local community,

private industry; 5. Provide a memorable interpretive

experience for visitors to increase sensitivity to the

political, environmental, the social climate of the

tourist destination; 6. Build, operate facilities or

infrastructure by minimizing environmental impacts;

7. Recognize the spiritual belief rights of indigenous

communities and empower them.

2.3 Sustainable Development Goals

Criteria

According the United Nation Sustainable

development goals there are seventeen criteria that

must be fulfilled for a good sustainable development

of ecotourism object. In this study we will measure

the index of fulfilled SDGs criteria [13].

The United Nation Criteria of sustainable

development goals that will measure in this study is

seventeen criteria that are : 1. No Poverty; 2. Zero

Hunger; 3.Good health and wellbeing; 4. Quality

education; 5. Gender Equality; 6. Clean water and

sanitation; 7. Affordable and clean energy; 8. Decent

work and economic growth; 9. Industries, Innovation,

and Infrastructure; 10. Reduced Inequalities; 11.

Sustainable cities and communities; 12. Responsible

consumption and Production; 13. Climate Action; 14.

Life below water; 15. Life on land; 16. Peace, Justice,

and strong institution; and 17. Partnership for the

goals.

2.3.1 Methods and Data

This study use case study and qualitative

methodology to analyse the research problem. SDGs

criteria and the principal of sustainable development

used as the main theory to answer the problem.

Government regulation used too as a guide and adjust

the development the area into the leading ecotourism

destination.

2.3.2 Data Type

The field of data observation in the study area

consists of: 1. Physical Information Data Includes

various inputs related to the physical condition of the

object of study (such as natural conditions,

environmental infrastructure, public facilities,

housing conditions of residents, residential ownership

status, landscaping); 2. Economic Data Information:

Covers the economic potential of the population (such

as skills, business opportunities, economic level

capabilities of fishermen, residents' daily work, future

prospects, people's needs); and 3. Information on

Social and Cultural Data: Includes habitual

populations related to the behaviour and culture of

fishing communities by taking into account the

existence of the environment (such as socialization of

citizenship, kinship, and similarity of local origin,

trust in community relations, environmental

preservation). Knowing certain norms that exist in the

lives of fishermen, which can encourage positive and

negative groups.

2.3.3 Data Analysis

The analysis phase utilizes a variety of field data

literature, obtained from research observations, and

supports all data. The next step is done by grouping

all data according to its type to facilitate through

discussion. The data analysis step in the research area

consists of: 1. Analysis of physical development

aims: Seeing the potential and limitations of existing

data in the field, to measure the extent to which the

region can be corrected in order. Plan some

interrelation strategies, so those goals can be achieved

without the potential for a destructive and defensible

environment; 2. Socio-cultural and economic analysis

of the population, aiming: Avoiding negative impacts

due to regional development. Formulate a

development policy community; and 3. SDGs

achievement measurement of existing condition

3 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

The location of the study area is located on the South

Coast of the Java island precisely in Sumberbening

village, Bantur district, Malang Regency. There is a

fishermen's housing in that location with physical

condition which is less fulfilling as a decent and

healthy occupancy. This assessment is based on the

lack of facilities and infrastructure environment. This

location inhabited by 26 families with lower middle

social class community. Based on their low-income

The Development of Ecotourism Based in Kondang Merak Fishermen Village, Malang, East Java

background, they are very easy to blend in. The

togetherness occurs when they go to fishing on the

fishing season.

3.1 Location and Infrastructure

Figure 1. Main development area mapping (A); Site

boundaries (B).

The location of the village is in the administrative

area of Sumberbening Village, Bantur District,

Malang Regency. Here are the site specifications:

1. Geographic : Kondang Merak bay

coastal area

2. Siting Area : + 17,748 m2

3. Site topography : Altitude of the lowest

ground level of 0 m and the highest is 6

meters above sea level relative contour

conditions

4. Climate : The climate in the

location is classified as tropical humid beach.

Based on these boundaries, the developed area

includes the settlement area and boat mooring area.

As for the coastal tourism area, it is used as a

supporting area because the fishermen tourist village

development area is only in the area that falls within

the boundaries of the site.

Accessibility to the tourism area becomes one of

the main elements for the development of the

tourism area, in the existing conditions the

conditions of accessibility to this area are still not

easily accessible, due to the following problems:

1. The main access from the city needs to be

improved with JLS (Jalan Lintas Selatan)

facilities and supporting facilities such as

lighting and drainage, the JLS project has not

been completed until the construction of road

supporting infrastructure such as: PJU

(Penerangan Jalan Umum), closed drainage

of the highway, and greening the corridor

road area. The following here are the JLS

cross-section:

Figure 2. Cross-section of the JLS

JLS access only stops at the intersection

around the Balekambang beach so that the

continued access to the Kondang Merak

coastline continues through macadam routes,

because the JLS project has not yet reached

this area, and is still waiting for the next fiscal

year, so accelerating the construction of the

JLS next stage is needed.

2. After JLS continued access, the access to

Kondang Merak Beach must pass through a

narrow macadam route to the south, here are

the existing cross-sections and development

plans:

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Figure 3. Cross-section of Makadam Road to Kondang

Merak

3.2 Signage

Signage to the Kondang Merak tourist area is very

limited and very lacking, the following is the

condition of the existing signage towards the kondang

merak area:

Figure 4. Signage existing to the Kondang Merak

3.3 Zoning and Land Allocation

At present zoning and land allotment in the coastal

area of Kondang Merak do not yet have clear zoning,

here are the development plans of Kondang Merak

ecotourism fisherman village:

Figure 5. Zoning division of Development Areas

3.4 Potential Attractions

The area of Kondang Merak has several potentials

that can be developed into tourist attractions, such as

white sand on the beach, the richness of coral reefs,

the beauty of the ocean panorama, the beauty of the

sunset panorama, the presence of coral which is an

interesting point on the shoreline and the Javanese

Lutung conservation.

Figure 6. Potential Attractions in Kondang Merak

3.5 Environmental Conditions in the

Kondang Merak Fishermen Village

Community in this location still use firewood for

cooking, because in the surrounding area there are

many sources of firewood energy, besides there are

also those who have used subsidized gas. For the

electrical energy the communities using solar cells

because there is no access to electricity from PLN to

that location. Water is obtained from water sources

The Development of Ecotourism Based in Kondang Merak Fishermen Village, Malang, East Java

around the location and reserve in the water tank and

used together.

Community of Kondang Merak fisherman village

builds the buildings using reef rock material as the

foundation of the building so that they utilize local

materials. Otherwise, they producing bricks as wall

materials for houses and buildings. The building

design is quite climate-responsive with natural

openings, but the orientation of the building faces

south because it makes the beach the main

orientation, so that the longest side of the building

faces east-west, it caused by the characteristic of

coastline community that use sea as the main

orientation of everything.

The sanitation system in the fishing village area is

still lacking. This is indicated by still using public

toilets as accommodation for daily needs, but some

houses already have private toilets using a septic tank

so that they do not pollute the surrounding

environment. Many buildings use renewable

resources such as the use of solar energy for

electricity, wood for cooking, materials from the

surrounding environment.

Figure 7. Some fishing houses in Kondang Merak use brick

material to improve climate resilience

Based on observations, there have been many

improvements in the resilience of dwellings with

some houses being renovated using more durable

materials. With close enough housing conditions, the

potential for fire hazards is large, but many also use

flammable materials such as woven bamboo and

wooden boards in the area of the house. Too close to

the house also makes the morning sunless access to

the area in the house.

3.6 Social Conditions in the Village of

Kondang Merak Fishermen

The behaviour of social activity in the communities

are becomes active in public activities carried out

such as cooperation to build a hall, develop joint

tourism businesses that are jointly managed. There

are gates in the village area that make the impression

of the fisherman village more vocal and there are also

common areas for knitting nets and anchoring the

boat so that the impression of the fishing village is

quite thick. The absence of the jetty has also had a

positive impact on residents so that each will anchor

the boat to the beach they will work together to push

the boat to the beach

There are playground facilities for children that are

quite simple near the fishing halls, there is a library

with reading books according to age, there is a health

post but there is no team of health experts who always

stand by at the location. Lack of infrastructure access

to the nearest public facility (the condition of the road

from the location to the arterial road is still in the form

of macadam and often inundation when it rains so that

the access is slightly isolated). And in the region,

there is no information and utility system in the area

which is well organized and systematic.

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Figure 8. Gate to the Fishermen's Village (A); Library

facilities (B)

3.7 Cultural Conditions in the

Kondang Merak Fishermen Village

The design of fisherman settlements in the location is

quite responsive to coastal culture and coastal

communities, making the beach as the main

orientation of settlement, and has a terrace area as a

multifunctional communal space, both socio-cultural

and economic.

Typical forms of occupancy are relatively the same,

namely the shape of a gable roof with a rooftop

terrace, but characteristically many houses already

use certain ornaments as the identity of the occupancy

occupied, the use of diverse colours also shows that

residents at the location have an impression of beauty

that they want to display on their dwelling.

Figure 9. The types of houses in the Fishermen's Village are

relatively the same

Public facilities for culture, affordable

entertainment are still minimum, but there are already

multifunctional fishing halls that are used by residents

to learn (read, play, and socialize). At this location, it

is still a discourse of the government to be developed

as one of the regency's economic resource areas with

the construction of a dock and a TPI for the western

Malang region. However, there is still no transfer

program to a more suitable location, according to a

source we interviewed for the construction of the JLS,

which should have covered the access area to

Kondang Merak which has not yet been completed

3.8 Economic Condition in Kondang

Merak Fishermen Village

Social groups in the fishing village area are relatively

equal in that they work as fishermen with the same

average income so there is no social disparity, but

there are also some residents who just stop by to go

to sea but have shelter in other places that are more

affordable by public access. Until now, housing on

the site is only inhabited by the lower middle classes

community.

The location of the residence is very supportive for

the occupation profession, namely fishermen, where

the population's economic area is right in front of the

residential area. In collaboration with the

government, residents, and PT Perhutani develop the

area around the fisherman village Kondang Merak as

a tourist area that is also able to raise the economic

level of the surrounding residents. So many residents

also make stalls, diving rental places, toilet facilities

for tourists who visit.

But until now the land occupied by residents is

Perhutani's land because in that area there is also a

Javanese Lutung conservation area so residents in the

area are still riding on Perhutani land and do not yet

have the legality of ownership rights, only land use

rights. While for the management and maintenance of

residential areas managed by residents independently.

Then to increase the resilience of many residents who

have replaced building materials from semi-

permanent materials to permanent materials such as

concrete blocks.

The Development of Ecotourism Based in Kondang Merak Fishermen Village, Malang, East Java

Table 1. Achievement Score

The minimum mean score of achievement the goals

was 51, according to the analysis above in Kondang

Merak fisherman village has achievement score 55, it

is above the minimum score of the achievement.

3.9 Economic Condition in Kondang

Merak Fishermen Village

According to the analysis above we know that some

criteria and goals is didn’t fulfil so we need improve

the development of fisherman village as an

ecotourism area.

3.9.1 The Concept of Ecotourism

Development Activities

There are 4 zone of existing condition in Kondang

Merak fisherman village, that are: 1. Javanese Luting

conservation area; 2. Tourism exploration Area; 3.

Community Economic area; and 4. Community

residential Area.

Figure 10. Ecotourism Development Plan

3.9. The Concept of Facilities and

Infrastructure Development

Some facilities on this area must be added to improve

the quality and service of ecotourism in this location.

Street infrastructure is the main component that must

be develop to make it easy to reach the location.

Otherwise, the signage and the entrance area must

build to give the tourist information about the location

of ecotourism area

Figure 11. Development Plan for Signage and Infrastructure

Some main facilities must be developed to improve

the economic and social aspect in this location, that

are: 1. Tourism information Centre; 2. Culinary

facilities and restaurant; 3. Hospitality facilities; 4.

Fish Auction Facilities; 5. Cold Storage Facilities; 6.

Fishery and Tourism Boat Dock.

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Figure 12. Facility and Infrastructure Development Plan

3.9.3 The Concept of Facilities and

Infrastructure Development

According to the concept of ecotourism development,

in the case study of Kondang Merang fisherman

village the development should be Implemented the

main concept of sustainable ecotourism, that are:

1) The management of ecotourism activities

manage by Local communities form

organizations or institutions with financial

support from local governments and private

sector with training and assistance

(community-based participation values).

2) The principle of local ownership

(management and ownership by the

community) is applied to ecotourism

facilities and infrastructure (boat rental

accommodation, restaurants, camping, and

Javanese Lutung education tourism).

3) Homestay is a choice for accommodation and

development of local people's creativity in

making souvenirs by processing sea products

and other handicrafts (economic and social

value).

4) Tour guides from local communities who

know about the location and have gone

through training.

5) Pioneering (planning, development),

management, and maintenance of tourist

objects is the responsibility of the local

community (as additional income that

supports the livelihood as a fisherman,

especially if he does not go to sea).

The concept of developing a fishing village area

represents sustainable development that takes into

account the elements of concern, responsibility, and

commitment to the authenticity and sustainability of

the environment and the welfare of the local

community. And as an effort to maximize and at the

same time preserve the potential of natural resources

and culture of the local community to be used as a

source of sustainable income.

4 CONCLUSIONS

As for the description above, it can be concluded as

follows:

1) Village areas and potential areas in the

Kondang Merak Fishermen village have the

potential to develop of ecotourism. the

diversity of natural flora and fauna has the

potential to be developed as sustainable

ecotourism. Community-based development

must be implemented to this area.

2) The condition of the asphalt road leading to

the Kondang Merak Fishermen village that

passes through the Jalan Lintas Selatan

(JLS) only stops at the intersection of

Balekembang Beach. Furthermore, to reach

the area the road conditions are only in the

form of macadam, thus making the travel

time quite long, besides the limited

availability of lighting and direction markers

along the road. There are low-quality rental

houses, mosques, and toilets. Other

supporting facilities must be built to

improve the quality and service in the

location such as tourism services, trade

services, and supported facilities that

improve ecotourism activities that will be

develop.

3) To improve existing human resources, there

needs to be good and broad knowledge. So

education is needed both formally and

informally, with existing knowledge can

help the community to improving the social,

economic, and cultural conditions to

protecting their environment.

4) Directions for the development of

ecotourism-based housing in the Kondang

Merak Fishermen village are as follows:

Housing is developed into a homestay,

community involvement in managing

ecotourism activities, directions for

developing accessibility in the form of

improved road infrastructure and other

traffic devices and supporting directives for

The Development of Ecotourism Based in Kondang Merak Fishermen Village, Malang, East Java

infrastructure development based on

ecotourism.

5) It is necessary to increase cooperation

between Government, the private sector, and

the community in the development of

ecotourism in Kondang Merak. The

potential of the existing environment is very

interesting to be developed into leading

tourism in East Java, especially in Malang

Regency.

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