Development Model of Village in Padangsidimpuan City through

Local Wisdom Perspective According to Law No 6 of 2014

Khoiruddin Nasution, M. Arif Nasution, Marlon Sihombing and Heri Kusmanto

Faculty of Social and Poiltical Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: The Village Government, Development Model, Local Wisdom.

Abstract: Efforts to equate development in villages have become one of the main focuses of the government since the

onset of reform. One such effort is shown by the issuance of Law No. 6 of 2014. Through this law, villages

are given broad freedom and authority to be able to develop villages in accordance with the characteristics

and character of the village, which is referred to as local wisdom. The purpose of this study is to explain how

the village development model in Padangsidimpuan City is based on the perspective of local wisdom.

Padangsidimpuan City, is the only urban area in North Sumatra Province that still has a village government

structure. This study uses a qualitative approach with an approach that is directed at the background and the

whole individual. Data obtained through in-depth interviews with key informants who have been determined

and data collection through literature studies. This study draws the conclusion that the village development

model based on local wisdom in the City of Padangsidimpuan cannot be imposed and more precisely uses the

Basic needs model, collaborating in village management involving local values of the Padangsidimpuan City

community, customs, as well as community norms prevailing in the village of Padangsidimpuan City.

1 INTRODUCTION

Efforts in realizing development that is equitable and

can be felt not only by the people who live in the core

of the city but also people who are in the demographic

periphery is increasingly becoming a serious concern

of the government. Through local democracy that

continues to be consolidated, the government is

increasingly expanding the space of regional

government authority in implementing development

programs oriented to local interests. In Law Number

23 Year 2014 concerning Regional Government,

there is a clear meaning that development which is

oriented to the needs and abilities of the region

becomes a right as well as an obligation at the

regional government level.

The poverty rate in rural areas has soared far

beyond the poverty rate in cities. The distribution of

poverty rates on Indonesian islands as of March 2018

shows the deterioration of rural communities. On

average, the poverty rate in urban areas is 6.64

percent, while in rural areas it is 15.45 percent. The

reality shows its own irony. First, the village is a place

of production of community food ingredients. Rice

fields and gardens are generally located in the village.

The village provides natural resources to meet the

basic needs of the community. Second, in the last four

years the village administration based on Law

Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages was granted

local-scale village authority. Not only that, the village

also received a transfer fund from the center in the

form of a Village Fund, in addition to the Village

Fund Allocation. The accumulative amount ranges

from Rp 1.2 billion to Rp 2 billion each village in

accordance with conditions of poverty, area,

infrastructure, and the level of difficulty of the village

terrain. Third, the allocation of Village Funds

nationally always increases significantly every year.

In 2015 it was allocated IDR 20.77 trillion, increasing

to IDR 46.98 trillion in 2016, and in 2017 and 2018

the allocation has again increased to IDR 60 trillion,

and in 2019 it is planned to increase to IDR 80 trillion.

Fourth, in accordance with Nawacita number three of

the Jokowi-JK administration, namely building from

the periphery, many programs targeting rural areas,

starting with infrastructure, education, health,

economic development, and other programs. the

existence of which is attached to Law Number 6 of

2014 concerning Villages.

At present, locality development is carried out

through the implementation of regional autonomy.

Through regional autonomy, the community can

Nasution, K., Nasution, M., Sihombing, M. and Kusmanto, H.

Development Model of Village in Padangsidimpuan City through Local Wisdom Perspective According to Law No 6 of 2014.

DOI: 10.5220/0010034303790388

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 3 2019) - Social Engineering Governance for the People, Technology and Infrastructure in

Revolution Industry 4.0, pages 379-388

ISBN: 978-989-758-472-5

379

obtain facilities in all matters in the field of

community service (Parjoko, 2002). Autonomy at the

local level is essentially to minimize central

government intervention in the regions. In the context

of Indonesia as a unitary state (unitarism), local

governments only accept surrenders from the central

government (Sarundajang, 1999). The authority

possessed by the region is not something that was

born from the region, but is granted by the central

government as part of equitable development at the

local level.

Law No. 6 of 2014 on Article 1 paragraph 1

confirms that the village as a legal community unit

has territorial boundaries that are authorized to

regulate and manage government affairs, the interests

of the local community based on community

initiatives, original rights, and / or recognized

traditional rights and respected in the government

system of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. The

village has the right of origin and traditional rights to

regulate and manage the interests of the local

community and play a role in realizing community

members in order to prosper. In the constitutional

journey of the Republic of Indonesia, villages have

developed in various forms so that they need to be

protected and empowered to be strong, advanced,

independent, and democratic so that they can create a

strong foundation in carrying out governance and

development towards a just, prosperous, and

prosperous society. As the lowest layer of the

government structure, community activities in the

village should have the opportunity to develop their

potential.

According to Susmanto, through Law Number 5

of 1979, there was an unfair treatment of villages

(Susmanto, 2001). This law is considered to disregard

the political rights of indigenous communities, as

well as the uniformity that results in customary

communities in villages having to adjust to existing

rules with the consequences of losing economic,

political, legal and socio-cultural sovereignty

inherent in their community's living systems.

Law Number 6 of 2014 at least wants to answer

two issues, namely restoring original village

autonomy as it had been lost during the new order due

to uniformity of nomenclature, and at the same time

developing village autonomy to limit interventions of

post-reform regional autonomy with the aim of

village development originating from the village

community itself (local wisdom). With regard to the

uniformity of village nomenclature that was carried

out previously, in Law Number 6 of 2014 it was

conveyed that villages and or other names have the

right to regulate and manage their respective affairs

based on the origin rights recognized and respected

by the state based on the mandate of article 18B of the

paragraph (paragraph 2) the 1945 Constitution.

Related to local wisdom, Law No. 6 of 2014 also

includes it as one of the principles in the

administration of village governance organized by the

village government. This enables the village

government to carry out development with a local

wisdom approach that is accepted by all village

communities so that it can accelerate development

planned.

To support the implementation of Law Number 6

of 2014 concerning Village Autonomy, the

government issued Government Regulation Number

47 of 2015 concerning Amendment to Government

Regulation No. 43 of 2014 concerning Regulations

for Implementation of Law Number 6 of 2014

concerning villages. Various matters are regulated in

the Government Regulation regarding this village.

Comprehensive understanding of all stakeholders of

Government Regulation Number 47 in the framework

of implementing Law Number 6 of 2014 with the aim

that all authority held by the village will facilitate

village development with the aim of prosperity for the

village community itself.

Government Regulation Number 47 of 2015

concerning Implementation Regulations of Law

Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages generally

contains

1. This regulation regulates village planning,

2. Authority,

3. Village government,

4. Procedure for drafting village regulations,

5. Village Finance and Wealth,

6. Village Development and Rural Area

Development,

7. Village-Owned Enterprises,

8. Village Cooperation,

9. Village Community Institutions and Village

Customary Institutions, and

10. Village Development and Supervision by the

Camat or other designation.

In Government Regulation Number 47 in 2015, it

stated that village authority included:

1. Authority based on original rights;

2. Local authority on a village scale;

3. Authority assigned by the Government, provincial

regional government, or district / city regional

government; and

4. Other authorities assigned by the government,

provincial regional government, or district / city

regional government in accordance with the

provisions of the existing laws and regulations

also indicate the government's desire and respect

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for the village's local wisdom in managing the

village it self.

2 METHOD

This study uses a qualitative approach with case

studies as a research strategy. This approach is

directed at the background and the individual as a

whole. The use of each research method depends on

three things, namely: first, the type of research

question; second, the control the researcher has over

the behavioral event that will be examined; and

thirdly focus on the phenomenon of his research

concerning current phenomena or historical

phenomena. Case studies are more suitable if the

research question concerns how or why.

The research questions raised in this study use

"how", so the choice of case studies as research

strategies becomes relevant. The choice of a

qualitative approach is carried out with the aim of

describing and analyzing social phenomena that are

happening. Thus, this type of research uses

explanatory case study strategies. and access to the

events under study is still possible. For example,

researchers can directly contact the investigated

actors to conduct interviews. Differ from the type of

historical research relating to the past, ie if there are

no more living witnesses to contact.

The qualitative research steps that researchers use

are as follows (Creswell, 2018):

1. First step/preparation: consider the focus and

choose a topic, state the problem and formulate an

introduction statement, state the problem and

formulate an introductory statement.

2. Second step/broad exploration: search for

locations/potential subjects, choose locations /

subjects deemed suitable, test suitability of

locations/broad subjects, explore, develop general

plans, conduct trial studies/collect initial data,

revise general plans.

3. The third step/focus on the set of focused

activities: collecting data, refining the research

plan/focus explanation, focused activities,

narrowing data collection, data analysis, writing

findings in the field notes.

3 STUDY OF LITERATURE

The main theory used in this study is the theory of

local wisdom, and the theory of development. The

development theory used in this study is the theory of

development presented Peet andHartwick (2009).

According to them, development is an effort to make

life better for everyone.

Furthermore, related to the theory of local

wisdom, this study raises the theory put forward by

several thinkers, one of which is Haryati Soebadio

who explains in detail related to local wisdom, both

conceptually and practically.

In addition to these two main theories, this study

also uses other supporting theories, namely public

policy theory, village theory and autonomy theory

that emphasizes local government and self governing

Community. The use of supporting theories is

intended so that the discussion in the following

chapters can be presented with more clear and able to

be explained in detail.

3.1 Local Wisdom Theory

Local wisdom (local wisdom) in the discipline of

anthropology is also known as local genius. This local

genius is a term that was first introduced by Quaritch

Wales. Anthropologists discuss at length this local

understanding of genius. Among others Haryati

Soebadio said that local genius is also a cultural

identity, national cultural identity / personality that

causes the nation to be able to absorb and process

foreign cultures according to their own character and

abilities. While Moendardjito said that the element of

regional culture potential as a local genius because it

has proven its ability to survive until now. The

characteristics of local wisdom are as follows:

1. Able to withstand external culture,

2. Having the ability to accommodate elements of

outside culture,

3. Having the ability to integrate elements of outside

culture into native culture,

4. Have the ability to control,

5. Able to give direction to the development of

culture.

It is also explained that local wisdom is the

original wisdom or knowledge of a society that comes

from the noble values of cultural traditions to regulate

the order of people's lives. Local wisdom can also be

defined as local cultural values that can be utilized to

regulate the order of life society wisely or wisely.

So, it can be said that local wisdom is formed as

the cultural superiority of the local community with

regard to geographical conditions in a broad sense.

Local wisdom is a cultural product of the past that

deserves to be constantly held on to life. Although it

has local value, the value contained therein is

considered to be very universal Local wisdom is

explicit knowledge that arises from a long period that

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381

evolved together with the community and its

environment in a local system that has been shared

together.

3.2 Development Theory

Development theory is a set of theories that are used

as a reference for ways to build a society. The idea of

the importance of attention to development theory

initially arose when the desire of developed countries

to change the conditions of a newly independent

third-world society. In its development the theory of

development develops and has various approaches

that give criticism to one another. By experts, the

diversity of these approaches is labeled

modernization development theory, structural

development theory, poststructural,

postdevelopment, postcolonial, feminism and so on.

In general, many people assume that development

is a neutral noun which means that it is a word used

to describe processes and efforts to improve

economic life, politics, culture, community

infrastructure and so on (Fakih, 2001). With such

understanding, development is aligned with the word

social change. An attempt to advance economic life,

politics, and facilities and infrastructure to facilitate

social life. Development as a theory of social change

is an extraordinary phenomenon, because an idea and

theory so dominate and affect the minds of

humankind globally, especially in the part of the

world referred to as the 'third world'.

3.3 Public Policy Theory

Public policy as Dye has stated that public policy is

what the government chooses to do or not do.

Meanwhile according to Carl Friedrich in interpreting

public policy as a series of actions/activities proposed

by a person, group, or government in a particular

environment. Public policy in the opinion of Carl

Friedrich quoted by Wahab that: "Policy is an action

that aims at the goals of a person, group or

government in a particular environment in connection

with certain obstacles while looking for opportunities

to achieve goals or realize desired goals".

The concept or definition of public policy is

abundantly found in various literatures. For the

purposes of this study, the writer will try to mention

some conceptual constraints regarding public policy.

Dye (1997: 1) says that public policy is whatever the

choice of government to do or not do something.

Whereas Easton, defines public policy as an

authoritative allocation of values for the whole

society, but only the government can do

authoritatively for the whole society, and everything

that the government chooses to do or does not do is

the result of the allocation of those values.

Correspondingly, Lasswell and Kaplan have

suggested that public policy as a program is projected

from goals, values, and practices. This definition

implies a difference between specific government

actions and overall actions in achieving specified

goals. However a problem that requires strict

government action, must have goals (goals) in order

to be called a "policy", but we can never be certain

whether or not certain actions have a goal (goals).

According to Peters (1982: 4-5) public policy is a

number of government activities, both carried out

directly or through representatives / agents, which

activities have an influence on the lives of citizens,

from this definition Peters divides the policy into

three policy levels, wherein describe the degree / level

of policy that makes a real change in the lives of

citizens.

At the first level, namely policy choices.

Decisions are made by politicians, civil servants or

others and lead to the use of public power to influence

the lives of citizens. At the second level, it is policy

outputs. Policy choices are passed into action. At this

level the government does things including: spending

money (spending money), recruiting or using people,

imposing certain regulations that will affect the

economy and society. In the end, at the third level,

namely policy impacts. The effects of policy choices

and policy outcomes for citizens, are in a relatively

narrow policy. Examples are policy choices in the

field of taxation made by the government. the laws on

taxation produce a policy effect that takes more from

the rich than the weak.

From the overall definition of public policy it can

be seen that public policy is a policy developed by

government institutions and government officials,

non-governmental actors and factors also influence

the development of policies. Specific features of

public policy stem from the fact that the policy is

formulated by the authorities in a particular political

system. States that it can be said that alternative

public policies in poverty alleviation are closely

related to the process stages, actors involved both at

the time of policy making and when implementing

policies, and the basis for involvement as a principle

of legality formal.

3.4 Policy Analysis

The form of government policy intervention in

poverty alleviation can be done in various ways.

Peters outlines various public policy instruments

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namely: a) law, where the government has the power

to regulate; b) services, i.e. in some cases directly

providing services (production/services); c) money,

where the government can subsidize the provision of

public needs; d) taxation, as a government tool to

distribute wealth and profits in society; e) persuasion

(inducement), carried out when all instruments fail

the government can implement moral suasi, where

actions are taken in the name of the public interest to

overcome parties in opposition to the government

(Winarno, 2009).

The form of government policy interventions to

more precisely evaluate the performance of policies

currently being implemented. This step is needed in

order to formulate problems correctly and take

corrective or policy modification actions. According

to Goggin to conduct an analysis of policy

performance must be distinguished between the

process and the results of implementation.

Furthermore, to state the results of Goggin's policy

implementation separating in two ways, namely

"output" and "outcome". Policy output is known by

referring to the extent to which program objectives

have been achieved, while the outcome is measured

from changes felt by the public at large which is the

scope of handling of the applied policies.

Evaluation at the new level of output can be

assessed the efficiency of the policy, namely by

comparing the "input" against "output" in the

implementation system. While at the level of

outcomes, the effectiveness of policies can be

measured, by assessing the suitability of the impact of

policies with policy objectives.

In the realization of public policy needs to be

analyzed carefully in order to know how far the impact

on the public. Policy analysis relates to the

investigation and description of the causes and

consequences of public policy, where the analysis can

be about the formation, substance or impact of public

policy without agreeing or rejecting the policy

(Winarno, 1989). In contrast to the definition of

Winarno, Wibawa for example said that policy

analysis is understood as an academic activity that is

cognitive rather than political. The policy analysis

process aims to provide recommendations that are

beneficial to an existing policy or policy plan. These

recommendations can be either supporting or rejecting

policies, so that sometimes this is often referred to as

something that is political (Wibawa, 1994).

Whereas Dunn defines policy analysis as the

activity of creating knowledge about and in the policy

making process. Dunn further defines public policy

analysis as one of the many other actors in the policy

system. A policy system (policy system) or the whole

institutional pattern in which policy is made, includes

the interrelationships between three elements, namely

public policy, policy actors, and policy environment.

The definition of policy issues depends on the pattern

of involvement of specific policy stakeholders,

namely individuals or groups of individuals who have

a stake in the policy because they influence and are

influenced by government decisions. The policy

environment is the context specifically where events

around policy issues occur, influence and are

influenced by policy makers and public policies

(Dunn, 1998).

There are several important stages of public

policy in order to solve the problem, including the

following:

a. Agenda Setting

At the stage of setting the policy agenda, it is

determined what are the public problems that need to

be solved, usually in the form of policy issues. Peters

(1982: 49-55) says that a policy issue can turn into a

policy agenda if the issue: 1) Has a very broad impact

(The Effects of the Problem); 2) There are analogous

to other issues that have become the agenda

(Analogous and Spillover Agenda Setting); 3)

Associated with political symbols (Relationships to

Symbols); 4) Private Parties do not want or are unable

to handle problems/issues (The Absence of Private

Means); 5) The existence of technological and

management capabilities for solving the

problem/issue (The Availability of Technology).

In essence, public problems are found through a

process known as problem structuring, which is based

on several phases of problem search, dividing these

phases into 4 phases, namely: problem search,

problem definition, problem specification , and

recognition of problems (problem sensing).

b. Policy Formulation (Policy Formulation)

At the policy formulation stage, analysts identify

possible policies that can be used to solve problems.

For this reason, a procedure called forecasting is

needed, in which the consequences of each policy

choice can be disclosed.

According to Peter, policy formulation means the

development of a mechanism to solve public

problems, at this stage analysts begin to apply several

analytical techniques to justify whether a policy

choice is better than another, while the tools that can

be used for policy formulation are; 1) Benefit cost

analysis; 2) Analysis of decisions where a decision

must be taken in uncertainty and limited information

(Peters, 1982).

c. Policy Adoption

Policy adoption is a stage where policy choices

are determined through stakeholder support, this

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383

stage is determined after going through a

recommendation process, which results in knowledge

relevant to the policy regarding the benefits or costs

of various policy alternatives whose consequences in

the future have been estimated through forecasting.

The recommended steps include:

1. Identification of policy alternatives made by the

government to realize the desired future which is

the best step in achieving certain goals.

2. Identification of criteria for assessing alternatives

to be recommended.

3. Evaluate these alternatives by using relevant

criteria so that the positive effect of the alternative

policy is greater than the negative effect that will

result.

d. Policy Implementation

Policy implementation is a stage where policies

that have been adopted are carried out by certain

administrative units by mobilizing funding sources

and other resources, at this stage monitoring is carried

out. According to Gordon the implementation relates

to various activities directed at the realization of the

program (Keban, 2008).

In this case the administrator arranges ways to

organize, interpret, and implement the policies that

have been selected. Organizing means managing

resources, units and methods for carrying out the

program. Performing interpretation is related to

translating language or program terms into plans and

instructions that are acceptable and feasible.

Implementing means using instruments, making

routine services, payments or realizing program

objectives.

It should be noted here is preparation for

implementation, which is to think and calculate

carefully the various possibilities of success and

failure, including obstacles or opportunities that exist

and the ability of the organization entrusted with the

task of implementing the program.

e. Policy Assessment (Policy Assessment)

Policy evaluation is the final stage of the public

policy making stage, where an assessment is made

whether all the implementation processes are in

accordance with what was predetermined or not, at

this stage the evaluation is applied.

According to Wibawa (1994), policy evaluation

would be aimed at knowing 4 aspects, namely:

1. The policy making process;

2. Implementation process;

3. Consequences of the policy;

4. Effectiveness of policy impacts.

Evaluation of the first aspects above can be done

before or after the policy is implemented, both are

referred to as summative and formative evaluations,

while Dunn states that while evaluations of the

second aspect are referred to as implementation

evaluations, while evaluations of the third and fourth

aspects are called evaluation of policy impacts (Dunn,

1998 ).

Winarno concluded that there were three main

points that needed to be considered in policy analysis.

First, the main focus was on policy explanation rather

than on appropriate policy recommendations.

Second, the causes and consequences of public policy

were thoroughly investigated using scientific

methodologies. Third, an attempt was made to

develop general, reliable theories of public policy and

their formation which could be applied to different

institutions and policy fields. So that it can be said

that policy analysis can be scientific and relevant to

current political and social problems.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Geographically, the city of Padangsidimpuan is

located as a whole surrounded by South Tapanuli

Regency which was once its parent district. This city

is a crossing of the land route to the cities of Medan,

Sibolga, and Padang (West Sumatra) on the western

crossing route of Sumatra. Padangsidimpuan City

was previously part of the South Tapanuli area which

then blossomed into a municipality on October 17,

2016 through Law Number 4 of 2001.

Padangsidimpuan City now consists of 6 Subdistricts

namely; Padangsidimpuan Angkola Julu,

Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, North

Padangsidimpuan, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru,

Southeast Padangsidimpuan, and South

Padangsidimpuan. Even though it is a municipal city,

in Padangsidimpuan there are still many villages, 42

villages from 4 sub-districts. Southeast

Padangsidimpuan consists of 16 Villages,

Padangsidimpuan Batunadua consists of 13 Villages,

Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru consists of 5 Villages,

and Padangsidimpuan Angkola Julu consists of 8

Villages.

The majority of the livelihoods of the people of

Padangsidimpuan are trading and farming. Paddy

production in 2016 in Padangsidimpuan City was

67,468.50 tons. If detailed according to the district,

the largest rice production is in the District of

Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru amounting to 17,371

tons or 25.75 percent of the total production of

Padangsidimpuan City.

Regarding local wisdom, things that become

obstacles that we often face in the field, the first: The

community thinks that we can make government

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funds / we manage at will, for example if someone

wants to build our land then the party will ask for

compensation, which second: Our society today, the

level of legal knowledge is very low, because our

cultural mutual cooperation system is gone. Besides

that, in managing village funds to build village

infrastructure, there are often differences of opinion

between the village government and community

leaders, which creates a gap between the village

community and the village government. One more

thing that is missing from the culture of the

community is the loss of the culture of the Natolu

transition, if it still exists in the culture of the

community, I am sure there is no problem in terms of

development in Padang Sidempuan City. Actually, it

is very good if we apply local wisdom in village

development, but sometimes this local wisdom is

actually opposed to government regulations so that it

cannot be implemented, often problems occur first

and then the legal regulations come out later. Our

hope is that in the future the level of understanding

and legal awareness of the community can be better

going forward, because if the community is aware of

eating, trust will grow. Today's people know more

about their rights, but their obligations are they don't

know, for example in terms of tax collection, the

community is still very difficult to pay taxes to the

government. Now there is a need for cohesiveness in

society to create changes, from small changes to

changes in the upper In terms of development, there

is also a need for synergy of all elements in society.

4.1 The Concept of Local Wisdom

Applied in Law Number 6 Of 2014

After the GR PP No. 72 of 2005 concerning Villages

became Law No. 6 of 2014, the existence of the

village seemed to have gained a degree of

resemblance to the regional government entities.

Historically, the position of the village has actually

been equal through Law 5 of 1979, even Law 19 of

1965 which soon withered before developing. After

the 1998 reforms, the regulation of villages seemed to

go down through Government Regulation No.

72/2005 which was followed up through respective

regional regulations. With great expectations based

on Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Government,

village autonomy was envisioned to grow back as it

was before 1979. Unfortunately , village autonomy

actually experienced a shrinkage due to the expansion

of regional autonomy. The wider the rights to regulate

and administer the regional government developed in

the name of the rights and obligations of autonomy,

at the same time the meaning of village autonomy has

also diminished. The village became powerless,

losing authority even though it was said to have

genuine autonomy.

Village autonomy which was originally original at

that time turned into a fake. It must be recognized that

the falsification of village autonomy has actually

taken place since the enactment of Law 5/1979(Zainal

and Alam,2013). The New Order practically falsified

all groups of citizens in any form into the identity of

the village. The uniformity policy resulted in the

destruction of the micro social system which became

a support for the efforts to solve social problems

functionally. The village and all its instruments are

transformed into bureaucratic machines that are

effective in carrying out all policies of the ruling

regime top down. The village's role and position

naturally experienced a shift from a social entity

based on the will of the smallest natural basis of

society to a micro-government unit that relied on

government interests(Wasistiono, 2012).

Now the village seems to regain consciousness

after a long sleep (1979-1999), as well as disarming

most of its original autonomy after the reform (1999-

2013). Law No. 6 of 2014 at least wants to answer

two main problems, namely restoring original village

autonomy as deprived of the new order, and at the

same time developing village autonomy to limit post-

reform regional autonomy interventions.

If you study the substance of the regulation of the

village in the body, it seems that the village regime

this time clearly answers the first problem, which is

to reaffirm the diversity of villages as earlier

corrected by Law 22/1999 and Law 32/2004. Villages

and or other names have the right to regulate and

manage their respective affairs based on the origin

rights which are recognized and respected by the state

based on the mandate of article 18B paragraph (2) of

the 1945 Constitution. Even more than that this

regime gives a place for the growth of customary

villages outside of administrative villages The second

problem appears that the village is expected to be able

to develop its original autonomy to limit the power of

regional autonomy which threatens to the pores of the

village.

4.2 The Concept of Local Wisdom in

Padangsidimpuan City

If the spirit of development so far has only placed

villages as tendencies only as an extension of the

central and regional governments in carrying out their

programs, then in the view of some informants the

conditions will change. For them, the spirit of

development in the new law clearly opens up

Development Model of Village in Padangsidimpuan City through Local Wisdom Perspective According to Law No 6 of 2014

385

opportunities for villages to create as initiators,

planners and even implementers of development

independently. In this context, the majority of

informants said the good thing contained through this

condition was that the development process in each

village would be very different in patterns and

models. This then forces the central and district

governments to be in the right position.

District and central government can no longer

interfere with existing village development patterns.

The central and district governments in terms of

implementing the Village Law No. 6 of 2014 are

required to be able to create policies that can

accommodate and support all development patterns

implemented by the village, meaning that the

presence of the central and regional governments in

the aspects of village development is not in the

context of direct intervention in development efforts

villages but in the level of providing regulations that

can encourage village development efforts. This will

make the village's position as the subject of

development stronger so that village independence

will be more quickly obtained.

At the community level, the understanding

process is important to do. This is done to create

synergy between the village government and the

village community in the context of village

development by applying the principle of

accountability (Suhartini, 2009

). The results of field

observations conducted by researchers showed that

the bad image of the village government apparatus is

always triggered by two things including; funding

programs with unclear sources, closed and

inaccessible financial management patterns and

misuse of financial power.

Behind the excitement with the opening of the

village opportunity to explore the potential of

independent development funding, the village

apparatus also still feels there are some problems that

must be resolved. The problem is mainly related to

the quality that is owned by village officials is

relatively unequal. If this is allowed, it is not

impossible that the spirit of the Village Law, which

initially wanted to create equitable development at the

village level, instead created new development gaps

to the village's memory.

How do people already have considerable

expectations regarding the application of the Village

Law. The Village Law is considered as a way to

achieve village independence and increase the

welfare of the village community. However, it can be

seen from the several quotations from the interview

above that there are still some village officials who

claim that they still do not have a maximum

understanding of the application of the Village Law.

As a policy implementer, the village government

should have an understanding of all aspects contained

in the Village Law. In fact, as found in traditional

villages in the City of Padangsidempuan there are still

many village officials who do not understand the

meaning of Village Law No. 6 of 2014 and its

maximum implementation. Lack of understanding of

village officials as stakeholders in the implementation

of the Village Law will adversely affect the

implementation of the Village Law, based on the

results of interviews this is due to the lack of

socialization from the Central Government and

Padangsidempuan Regency Government regarding

Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages and their

implementation, coupled with the lack of Human

Resources in the traditional village so that the

message in the Village Law cannot be realized

properly.

Intensive communication between local

government and village government is important.

According to Edward II, communication is defined as

"the process of delivering communicator information

to the communicant". Information regarding public

policy according to Edward III needs to be conveyed

to policy actors so that policy makers can know what

they must prepare and do to carry out the policy so

that the goals and objectives of the policy can be

achieved as expected.

4.3 Village Development Model based

on Local Wisdom in

Padangsidimpuan City

The village is a central point of development in

Indonesia. After the Passing of Law No 6 of 2014 or

better known as village law, the authority and budget

of the village will be added. The additional authority

and village budget must be followed by an increase in

program and budget management capacity. Without

this, the authority-giving initiative will not produce

good results.

In principle, autonomy is the freedom of the

region to exercise governmental authority in certain

fields that actually exists and is needed and grows,

lives and develops in the region. Regional

government in addition to having the role of

protecting the community and absorbing the

aspirations of the community must also be able to

manage various authorities given by the central

government to him. the management of this broad

authority remains limited by important signs within

the framework of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia.

ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3

386

In this case, autonomy is not merely using an

administrative approach or merely increasing work

efficiency and effectiveness, but also an approach in

the political dimension. Thus, the meaning of

authority in the field of government that is directly

related to the interests of the community as far as

possible should be able to be served closely and

quickly.

Responsible autonomy is in the form of the

realization of accountability as a consequence of

granting rights and authority to the regions in the form

of duties and obligations that must be borne by the

region in achieving the goal of providing autonomy,

in the form of improving services and better public

welfare, developing democratic life, justice and

equity and maintenance of harmonious relations

between the center and the regions and between

regions in the context of maintaining the integrity of

the Unitary Republic of Indonesia.

The concept of village independence in this study

itself refers to Law No. 6 of 2014 where the concept

of village independence includes efforts to develop

the empowerment and development of village

communities in the economic, social and cultural

fields. The concept is known as "Village Economic

Reservoir, Village Cultural Circle, and Village Wira

Net". How the management system, community

quality, and village apparatus in general determine

the level of success of a village towards

independence.

The model of village development based on

modernization theory is the Functionalist Theory that

is rural development by combining the concepts of

modernity and traditional concepts. The initial capital

of Dalihan Na Tolu as a traditional concept of the

community in 42 villages in Padangsidimpuan City

and the modernization that has taken place and has

eroded the customs and culture of most people of

Padangsidimpuan City.

Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages can

also be seen as one of the regulations which is quite

complex / complex in seeing the real condition of

villages in Indonesia. This can be seen in the articles

in it which place culture and values others in the

village so that it has a clear legal. (Zanibar, Z.,2012).

Culture and other values are also placed as entities

that must be developed in the village development

effort so that it is clear how Law No. 6 of 2014 wants

every village to develop in accordance with its culture

and values.

At the village level, local institutions which

previously did not have a large role and tended to be

passive in village development efforts received a

greater portion in Law Number. 6 in 2014. Through

strengthening the function of the Village Penitentiary

Agency (BPD) the community increasingly has a

large role in the framework of controlling the

implementation of development carried out in the

village. In addition to having a control function

through the right to obtain information, the village

community is also entitled to empowerment by the

village government such as the formation of BUM

Desa, cooperatives and other institutions that have the

function of strengthening the economic, social, and

environmental of the people in it.

Referring to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning

villages, researchers see that economic growth from

below (the village) rests on 2 (two) main points,

namely providing the widest opportunity for local

economic actors to utilize locally owned resources in

the context of joint welfare and multiplying economic

actors to reduce unused production factors by

promoting the principle of kinship and mutual

cooperation as a joint work system.

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the results of research, discussion and

analysis of researchers, the conclusions in this study

are as follows:

1. The concept of local wisdom applied in Law

Number 6 of 2014 requires village customary

institutions to have a legal umbrella, while the

implementation of Village Law Number 6 of 2014

has not been carried out optimally, despite the

lack of Human Resources in the traditional village

of Padangsidempuan City.

2. Local wisdom of indigenous villages in

Padangsidempuan City has its own characteristics

or uniqueness in running, managing traditional

village government so that the model of

traditional village development in

Padangsidimpuan City cannot be imposed in

accordance with Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning

Villages and continues to run village government

with the Dalihan Na Tolu concept.

3. The model of village development based on local

wisdom in the City of Padangsidimpuan cannot be

forced and more precisely uses the Basic needs

model (a model of basic needs / welfare

development), collaborating in village

management that involves local values of the

Padangsidempuan City community, customs, and

norms prevailing community in the village of

Padangsidempuan City.

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387

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