Teenagers Preference Pattern of Religious Tourism in Dki Jakarta

Sari Narulita, Rihlah Nur Aulia

Firdaus Wajdi

Dewi Anggraeni, and Embang Syasyadin

Islamic Studies Department, Social Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Religious Tourism, Rationalization

Abstract: In the midst of the bustle of modernization, spirituality becomes a balancing alternative. Teenagers with all

their problems are searching for the meaning of life through various religious tourism activities. This study

aims to explore and analyze the rationalization of teenagers in choosing the location of religious tourism.

Research conducted in DKI Jakarta. The theory used is James S Colemans rational choice theory. This

research uses a qualitative approach with Alfred Schutz phenomenology. Respondents in this research are

teenagers in DKI Jakarta who did the religious tourism activities. The findings in this study are arguments

that are underlying the choice of teenagers in choosing religious tourism sites, such as organization

affiliation and personal motivation

1 INTRODUCTION

Modernization has become a necessity and has

influenced people's lifestyles in various aspects of

life, especially the younger generation, which

sometimes readily accepts something new without

thinking about it first, even though on the other hand,

the younger generation becomes a group that is more

adaptable to the latest technology. They are now

becoming more accessible to a variety of information

that was once very difficult to achieve. Their

curiosity led to a new work that simplifies the way of

life today.

Nevertheless, many other impacts accompany the

young generation today. One of them is juvenile

delinquency that arises due to the loss of concern

from the surrounding. Also, not infrequently they

accept the raw lifestyle of other nations that tend to

be harmful and contrary to the norm around. Instant

life is also pushing the young generation into a weak-

minded generation.

Interestingly, in a study it was revealed that

juvenile delinquency is closely related to a decline in

spirituality. Teenagers who understand and have high

spirituality will be able to resist the influence and evil

impulses in themselves; whereas those who do not

have good spirituality, it will be easy to fall into

negative things, namely behaving unruly and

misbehaving. (Susanto, 2014)

To anticipate their misbehaving, many ways are

done so that teenagers are better able to fortify

themselves from evil impulses. One of them is by

increasing spirituality in him; and one of the things

that are considered able to increase spirituality is to

do zikr in the congregation. By doing zikr activities

in the congregation, it will be able to increase many

things, namely (1) meaningful life; (2) more active

worship, and (3) a more positive social life. These

forms are influenced by two factors: (1) practice the

teachings of remembrance; (2) understanding the

teachings of the leader of the council of

remembrance. There are three motivations to do

Dhikr: a desire to reach spiritual enlightenment, a

wish to gain a blessing, and long for the murshid

(guide) in the tariqa. (Muhtarom, 2016)

The revival of urban spirituality as an icon of

modern society is characterized by passion and

enthusiasm to follow a variety of activities. Those

activities are characterized by spirituality, such as by

leaving the glitter of life to choose then to live in a

quiet area; then pursue activities that are considered

able to reassure the soul like a religious tour, which is

more likely on the pilgrimage tour. The one who

could do that, be able to realize the meaning of life

and strengthen good relations with God and also

fellows. (Narulita & Anggaeni, 2018). Also, other

studies revealed the process of increasing spiritual

intelligence through religious tourism visits. (Sari,

Wajdi, & Narulita, 2018)

Based on the significance of religious tourism

that is getting stronger, researchers try to study the

phenomenon of religious tourism visits that are

562

Narulita, S., Aulia, R., Wajdi, F., Anggraeni, D. and Syasyadin, E.

Teenagers Preference Pattern of Religious Tourism in Dki Jakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0009023900002297

In Proceedings of the Borneo International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (BICESS 2018), pages 562-565

ISBN: 978-989-758-470-1

mostly carried out by teenagers, especially in DKI

Jakarta by observing their preference patterns.

2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Preference is a mental device consisting of a

combination of feelings, hopes, attitudes, prejudices,

fears or other inclinations that lead individuals to a

choice. (Mappiare, 1994). Preference is determined

by four factors, (Nugroho, 2013), they are

2.1 Cultural Factors

Culture is the most fundamental determinant of one's

desires and behavior. When animals act on instincts,

they are different from human behavior that can be

studied by patterns. A growing human child gains a

set of values, perceptions, preferences and behaviors

through a socialization process involving family and

other important social institutions.

Each Culture is made up of several smaller sub-

cultures and provides more specific identification

and socialization for members. A subculture can be

divided into four types, namely groups of

nationalism, religious groups, racial groups, and

geographical areas. On the other hand, culture is also

related to social class, which is a relatively

homogeneous and long-lasting group in a

hierarchically arranged society and whose

membership has similar values, interests and

behaviors.

2.2 Social Factors

Includes the scope of the social factor is the

reference group, which consists of all groups that

have a direct or indirect influence on one's attitudes

or behavior. This group is divided into primary

groups, which is influential because of the

continuous interaction, such as: family, friends,

neighbors and peers; as well as secondary groups,

which tend to be more formal and the interactions

that occur are less sustainable.

2.3 Personal Factors

Included within the scope of personal factors are the

age and stages in a person's life cycle. Each phase of

age has its priorities and uniqueness. Then other

things that become the scope of personal factors is

lifestyle and personality. A person's lifestyle is a

lifestyle in the world that is expressed by one's

activities, interests and opinions. Lifestyle describes

"a person as a whole" that interacts with the

environment. Lifestyle also reflects something

behind one's social class. While Personality is a

different psychological characteristic and everyone

who views its response to the environment is

relatively consistent.

2.4 Psychological Factors

One of the scopes of psychological factors is

motivation, which arises because of some needs; be

it biogenic needs that is because of a physiological

state, such as: hunger, thirst, uncomfortable

restlessness; or psychogenic needs, that is, the need

arising from certain physiological states, such as the

need to be acknowledged, the need for self-esteem

or necessity is accepted.

On the other hand, the process of motivation

occurs because of the needs, desires and

expectations that are not met which causes tension.

(Jeffrey & Weatherholt, 1996). Tension will turn

into a desire that encourages individuals to perform

a specific behavior to meet their needs, desires and

desires. The elements involved in the motivation

process include needs, goals, perceptions, learning

processes and beliefs.

By getting more understand about preferences,

the researcher draws on the basic idea of Coleman's

rational choice theory. It states that individual action

leads to a purpose and that goal (and action) is

determined by value or choice (preference). (Ritzer,

Teori Sosiologi Modern, 2014). Thus, we can

understand that every action a person undertakes is

inherently subjective is the result of a rational

decision he chooses to maximize his satisfaction.

Rationality arises when faced with many choices

with the demand for an option to be determined. An

option can be said to be rational if the choice is

taken to maximize its needs. The rational choice

taken will produce specific consequences of attitude

and action

Rational choice theory refers to two things,

namely actors and resources. Resources are any

potential that exists or even possesses. While the

actor is someone who acts; someone who can utilize

and control resources well. In this case, the actor is

an individual who has a goal and also has a choice of

the primary value that the actor uses to make a

choice: to use in-depth considerations based on his

consciousness. Also, the actor also has the power as

an effort to determine the choices and actions he

wants. (Ritzer & Goodman, Teori Sosiologi Modern,

2012)

Teenagers Preference Pattern of Religious Tourism in Dki Jakarta

563

In the other hand, Religious tourism is a

temporary transfer to a destination outside the place

where he or she normally lives and works for

visiting religious places. (Chaliq, 2011) Religious

tourism is a type of religious tourism (pilgrimage

tour) or motivated spiritual tours carried out by a

person or group so as a means to get closer to God

Almighty and gain blessings in life. Religious

tourism is also interpreted as a tourist activity to

places that have special significance for religious

people, usually some places of worship that have

advantages. These advantages such as viewed from

the side of history, the myths and legends about the

place, or the uniqueness and structural advantages of

the building. In the study it was found that when a

person can engage in an activity on his religious

tour, he/she will be more motivated to improve the

character of religiosity in him. (Narulita, Sari,

Aulia, Wajdi, & Khumaeroh, 2017) The data is in

line with Umi Khumaeroh's research which

illustrates that the attitude of attitude change to

others after many religious tourism visits.

(Khumaeroh, Narulita, & Aulia, 2017)

3 DISCUSSIONS

In this research, the researcher uses phenomenology

approach from Alfred Schutz. The purpose of this

approach is because the researcher wants to know

the motives of action done by the informants. The

motive is in the form of a motif and the purpose

motif.

This research was conducted in the DKI Jakarta

area based on the number of religious tourism

destinations in DKI Jakarta and the diversity of

religious communities. Research subjects in this

study were teenagers who have been doing religious

tourist visits. This criterion has become one of the

main in the selection of informants and the

determination of this criterion has been done before

researchers do research. It because the technique of

determining the informant that the researcher uses is

purposive technique. Researchers also use in-depth

interview techniques. Data analysis techniques used

in this study are data analysis techniques.

The results of this study are several reasons that

affect the pattern of youth preference in determining

the location of religious tourism that will be visited.

Every action taken by an individual must have an

orientation and purpose. It is by the views expressed

by Coleman that individual action leads to a goal,

and value or choice determine that purpose (and

action). The statement is by what was done by

teenagers in this study. Namely the effort to choose

the location of religious tourism that will be visited,

based on a goal, and then the goal to be achieved by

the teenagers affected by the values and norms that

developed in the community.

The various reasons underlying the choice of

teenagers to conduct religious tourism visits include,

first, the affiliation of youth organizations. Second,

the influence of friends. Moreover, the third is

personal motivation.

3.1 Youth Organization Affiliates

The reason for choosing the location of junior

religious tourism visits in Jakarta is generally

determined by the teenage understanding of the

definition and the nature of religious tourism.

Interestingly, the definition and the nature of

religious tourism are influenced by the

understandable studies of the organizations or

institutions in which they study and understand

religion.

For teenagers who are heavily involved in

teaching majlis, then they understand that religious

tourism is identical with pilgrimage tours. Moreover,

many of the recitation that they regularly follow to

visit the pilgrimage tour to the graves of local

Islamic scholars. At least once a week, they visit the

nearest Islamic Scholars graves and once a year,

they do excellent pilgrimage tour, by visiting the

Islamic Scholars tombs in the area of DKI Jakarta;

namely Tomb of Mbah Priuk, Tomb of Luar Batang,

Tomb of Kampung Bandan, Tomb of Prince

Jayakarta, Tomb of Habib Kwitang, and Tomb of

Habib Cikini. They believe that the form of religious

heritage or pilgrimage to the grave of Islamic

scholars, kyai or community leaders

While teenagers who are not much involved with

a specific majlis, then they understand that religious

tourism is synonymous with mosque tourism.

Therefore, they are much interested in exploring the

mosques around Jakarta; especially the historic

mosques and mosques that have unique architecture,

such as the Istiqlal Mosque, Sunda Kelapa Mosque,

Ramli Mosque and so forth.

3.2 Influence of Friends

Another reason that makes teenagers interested in

visiting religious tourism is the influence of friends.

It is by the characteristics of a teenager where

teenagers want their presence to be recognized as

part of their community. Teenagers also place peers

as an essential part of their development. Therefore,

BICESS 2018 - Borneo International Conference On Education And Social

564

teenagers will try to equate themselves with a group

of peers both from clothing, behaviour, to lifestyle.

Conformity in teenagers generally occurs because

they do not want to be viewed differently than their

peers and for approval or avoid group reproaches.

(Sarwono, 2011)

In this study it appears that when one of the

teenagers recounts his experience in religious

tourism visits, it is more able to attract peers to make

similar visits; than when he traces it himself.

Therefore, generally teenagers or respondents in this

study, generally do personal religious tour visits,

driven by curiosity about the story or experience felt

by peers

3.3 Personal Motivation

In addition to environmental encouragement, namely

organizational affiliation and peer influence, some

teenagers also visit religious tourism through their

awareness, which is more about their desires and

motivations.

Many of the respondents confidently visited

religious tourism to the mosque to attend religious

studies conducted at the mosque; and also visit

pilgrimages to pray for the one in the grave and as a

lesson (ibrah) for them for their short lives.

Pilgrimage tours visit this model ever done the

Prophet several times when praying at the tomb of

Baqi '

4 CONCLUSIONS

The pattern of preference of adolescents in

conducting religious tourism visits is realized over

organizational affiliation, peer influence and

personal motivation. However, overall, they hope to

gain enlightenment and inspiration in their visit.

The form should be completed and signed by one

author on behalf of all the other authors.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to show the gratitude and the

appreciation to the Ministry of Research and Higher

Education and Universitas Negeri Jakarta who has

provided assistance and support in conduction the

research. lastly, thanks to the religious tourism

research team who played a role in enriching this

study

REFERENCES

Chaliq, A., 2011. Manajemen Haji dan Wisata Religi.

Jakarta: Mitra Cendikia.

Jeffrey, C., & Weatherholt, N., 1996. Ethical

Development, Professional Commitment, and Rule

Observance Attitudes; A Study of CPAs and

Corporate Accountants. Behavioral Research in

Accounting, 8, 8-29.

Khumaeroh, U., Narulita, S., & Aulia, R. N., 2017. The

Improvement of Intrapersonal Communication

through Religious Tourism. Internatonal Conference

on Media Studies (pp. 419-425). Kedah: UUM

Malaysia.

Mappiare, A., 1994. Psikologi Orang Dewasa bagi

Penyesuaian dan Pendidikan. Surabaya: Usana

Offsetprinting.

Moore, R., Lopes, J., 1999. Paper templates. In

TEMPLATE’06, 1st International Conference on

Template Production. SCITEPRESS.

Muhtarom, A, 2016. Peningkatan Spiritualitas melalui

Zikir Berjamaah. 'Anil Islam, 9 (2), 248-267.

Narulita, S., & Anggaeni, D., 2018. Spiritualitas Modern

melalui Wisata Religi. Annual Conference for Muslim

Scholar (pp. 904-912). Surabaya: Kopertais 4

Surabaya. Retrieved from

http://proceedings.kopertais4.or.id/index.php/amcoms/

article/view/190

Narulita, Sari, Aulia, R. N., Wajdi, F., & Khumaeroh, U.,

2017. Pembentukan Karakter Religius melalui Wisata

Religi. Seminar Nasional Tahunan FIS UNM (pp. 159-

162). Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.

Nugroho, J. S, 2013. Perilaku Konsumen. Jakarta:

Kencana Prenada Media Grup.

Rahman, T., 2011. Nilai Karakter. Yogyakarta: Laksbang

Pressindo.

Ritzer, G., & Goodman, D. J.,2012. Teori Sosiologi

Modern. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.

Ritzer, G., 2014. Teori Sosiologi Modern. (T. Wibowo,

Trans.) Jakarta: Kencana.

Sari, N. I., Wajdi, F., & Narulita, S., 2018. Peningkatan

Spiritualitas melalui Kunjungan Wisata Religi. Jurnal

Studi Al-Qur'an, 44-58. doi:10.21009/JSQ.014.1.04

Sarwono, S. W., 2011. Psikologi Sosial. Jakarta: Salemba

Humanika.

Smith, J., 1998. The book, The publishing company.

London, 2

edition.

Susanto, L., 2014. Hubungan Spiritualitas remaja dengan

perilaku kenakalan remaja di SMK (X) Purbalingga.

Puwokerto: Tesis Universitas Muhammadiyah

Purwokerto.

Teenagers Preference Pattern of Religious Tourism in Dki Jakarta

565