Design Guidelines for Urban Aesthetic to Strengthen Visual Quality

at Town Corridor in Pontianak City Center

Andi Zulestari Z

, Nunik Hasriyanti

and Ismail Ruslan

Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture, Politeknik Negeri Pontianak, Jenderal Ahmad Yani Street, Pontianak

78124, Kalimantan Barat Province, Indonesia

Urban Design Department, Faculty of Architecture, Politeknik Negeri Pontianak, Jenderal Ahmad Yani Street, Pontianak

78124, Kalimantan Barat Province, Indonesia

Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Economics, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak, LetJend Suprapto Street, Kalimantan

Barat Province, Indonesia

Keywords: street corridors, trade areas, urban aesthetic, visual quality

Abstract: Pontianak, as the capital city of West Kalimantan Province, has a very rapid development at this time.

Construction of buildings and commercial buildings has greatly improved, especially in arterial road and

collector road corridors in the city center. Along with the development, it should be balanced with the quality

of the road space. However, in reality, it only shows the beauty of the building and has not provided the beauty

of the corridor space, so it needs to be identified, evaluated and analyzed to achieve visual images that provide

aesthetic corridor space. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical characteristics of the road

corridor space, especially the building facade at Diponegoro Street, Agus Salim Street, and Gajahmada Street,

in order to design the direction of the city's aesthetic design and to strengthen the visual quality of the road

corridor based on spatial quality elements. This research is included in the type of qualitative-descriptive

research, which is carried out using an analytical approach by identifying physical characteristics of corridor

space based on unity design, assessing visual quality based on identification of spatial quality elements of

space, and directing the design. The expected results are the direction of urban aesthetic that strengthens visual

quality in the corridor in Pontianak City Center.

1 INTRODUCTION

As part of the urban environment, the road corridor

needs to have visual qualities that can shape the

observer's experience and perception in

understanding the picture, structure, and meaning of

the city. So far, the development in Pontianak City

has only paid attention to buildings and their

functions, thus ignoring the quality of urban design.

One of the qualities is the visual quality of the road

space. Visual quality of the street space should be

considered to be part of the city development because

the quality of the city also starts from the road space.

In a city, the visual impression of an observer in

an area can determine the character of an urban area.

The community's impression of the visual

environment can strengthen the meaning of space and

indicate the character of the appropriate environment.

The visual system is a unit of urban visual elements

that can provide comfort and visual enjoyment as a

result of the formation of the physical elements of the

region/city. Pontianak, as the capital city of West

Kalimantan Province, has a very rapid development

at this time. Construction of commercial buildings

and other buildings has greatly improved, especially

in arterial road and collector road corridors in the city

center.

Along with the development, it should be

balanced with the quality of the road space as an

aesthetic supporter of urban space and a link between

existing buildings. This connection will greatly

influence the comfort and security of the users of the

existing road space. The current condition of the road

corridors in Pontianak visually still does not show an

urban aesthetic aspect that can provide an increase in

visual quality of space. The buildings on Gajahmada

Street, Ahmad Yani Street, Tanjungpura Street, Sutan

Syahrir Street, Diponegoro Street, Teuku Umar

Street, and other streets with various forms of

buildings, only show the beauty of the building and

Zulestari Z, A., Hasriyanti, N. and Ruslan, I.

Design Guidelines for Urban Aesthetic to Strengthen Visual Quality at Town Corridor in Pontianak City Center.

DOI: 10.5220/0008905000002481

In Proceedings of the Built Environment, Science and Technology International Conference (BEST ICON 2018), pages 39-48

ISBN: 978-989-758-414-5

have not provided the beauty of the corridor space, so

it needs to be identified, evaluated, and analyzed to

achieve visual images that provide aesthetic corridor

space.

The importance of this research is to identify the

physical characteristics of the road corridor space,

especially the building facade on Diponegoro Street,

Agus Salim Street, and Gajahmada Street, in order to

strengthen the corridor's visual character and to

design the design direction of the city to strengthen

the visual quality of the road corridor based on spatial

quality elements of an outdoor space.

From some results of previous studies, Ayu

(2017) has stated that the most influential visual

quality is cohesiveness and conformity, continuity,

and sequences, whereas according to Pawitro (2015),

aspects that are important to be considered in efforts

to restructure and improve City areas related to 'the

urban Esthetic' include: (1) City Open Space Scale,

(2) Role and Function of City Open Space, (3)

Attraction to City Open Space, (4) Landscape and

Green System Conditions in the Area, (5) Vista

Condition (Landscape), (6) Viewing Direction

(View) to the surroundings, (7) Diversity of

Architectural Potential in the Region, (8) Aesthetic

Elements in the Region, (9) Clarity of Regional

Characteristics (10) Condition-based Maintenance of

Old Building, (11) Condition of Shelters, Zebra

Crossing and Pedestrian Bridges, (12) Sidewalk

Conditions and Pedestrian Lines, (13) Signage in

Regions, and (14) Arrangement of Ads or

Advertisement.

By allocating objects forming corridor space

along with visual characteristics possessed by the

principles of visual aesthetic preparation, it is

expected that the road corridor space can provide

positive visual quality to the observer so that this part

of the city can contribute to the overall image of the

environment and city. The roads that need to be

considered are Jalan Diponegoro - Jalan Agus Salim

-Jalan Gajahmada, which are primary collector road

that connects trade centers in the city of Pontianak.

The development of these roads is also included

very quick with the construction of hotels and centers

of culinary activities along these roads. Jalan

Diponegoro, Jalan Agus Salim, and Jalan Gajahmada

have a main generator that functions as regional

generator nodes, namely the Flamboyan Market and

coffee shops spreading evenly along this road. This

area is dominated by shops, supermarkets, services,

mixed-use buildings, car showrooms, workshops,

banks, hotels, shophouses, and shops.

These three roads are now in the stage of

improving the quality of the pedestrian space, but it

must be also balanced by the aesthetic quality of the

road corridor, especially the quality of building

facade which should follow aesthetic uniformity with

consideration of design unity. Several public realms

(public facilities), such as the streetscape (road space

processing), pedestrian interaction between the road

and the building (frontage), the shape and type of

building, building height, street furniture, parking

spaces, open spaces, are not well facilitated,

especially on Diponegoro Street, Agus Salim Street,

and part of Gajahmada Street, so that the visual

quality of the road corridor becomes uncontrolled and

less directed. This will affect the spatial aspect of the

city, especially in the visual quality of the city.

According to these facts, there are problems that

need to be addressed using the form of research

questions as follows: How can the design unity be

used to identify the physical characteristics of the

corridor space of Jalan Diponegoro, – Jalan Agus

Salim, and Jalan Gajahmada in order to strengthen

visual aesthetic character of the corridor?

The purpose of this study was to identify the

physical characteristics of the road corridor space,

especially the building facade at Jalan Diponegoro,

Jalan Agus Salim, and Jalan Gajahmada to strengthen

the visual character of the corridor and to design the

direction of the city's aesthetic design to strengthen

the visual quality of the corridor based on the spatial

quality elements of an outdoor space, namely shape,

size, continuity, height of frame, floor configuration,

architectural characteristics of surround buildings,

and sculpture. The research objectives were achieved

through an analytical approach by identifying the

physical characteristics of the corridor space based on

unity design, assessing visual quality based on

identification of spatial quality elements of space, and

directing using design guidelines.

2. RESEARCH METHOD

This research is included in the type of qualitative-

descriptive research, which is a research that seeks to

describe the current problem solving based on data.

This approach also presents data, analyzes, and

interprets an existing phenomenon. In this study,

there were research objectives achieved through an

analytical approach by identifying the physical

characteristics of corridor space based on unity

design, assessing visual quality based on

identification of spatial quality elements of space, and

directing design.

From the target, the data will be analyzed based

on: 1). Analysis of physical identification of the

facade corridor space based on unity of the design on

BEST ICON 2018 - Built Environment, Science and Technology International Conference 2018

location of observation. 2). Visual quality analysis of

observed road corridors 3). Designing directives that

strengthen the visual aesthetic quality of the corridor

space.

The analysis technique used in processing data is

explained as follows:

1). Identification analysis of the physical condition of

the area will use evaluation analysis techniques.

Evaluation method, according to Hedman (1984),

includes the selection criteria. This analysis method

is divided into three steps:

• Exploring or discovering the identity of the area

along the corridor of Diponegoro Street, Agus

Salim Street, and Gajahmada Street based on the

identity study aspect.

• Determining identity elements that strengthen

the visual character of the street corridor based

on unity in design aspects (11 elements of

linkage design) and principles of visual aesthetic

arrangement (rhythm, sequence, proportion,

unity, symmetry, axis)

• Summarizing problems related to visual

aesthetic aspects of identity elements as facts for

further analysis.

2). Character valuation analysis techniques are used

as a form of urban design analysis (Urban Design

Toolkit MFE, 2006). This method is divided into

three steps:

• Making observations in the field of the

following character features:

Table 1. Character Feature Assessment

Source: Hedman (1984) and Urban Design Toolkit

(2006)

• Linking observations with existing conditions to

support observations

• Evaluating the visual conditions and assessing

to find out the problem or physical potential and

the visual aesthetic character of space.

3). Triangulation analysis technique was used as a

technique to check the validity of data. In this data

triangulation technique, an analytical approach to

three data sources is used:

• Empirical facts as data from the results of the

analysis of objectives 1 and 2 in the form of

problems related to aspects of research studies

• References in the form of related theories,

policies, and case studies.

• Experts are respondents who have an

understanding of structuring efforts related to

the problems under study.

Danisworo (Kompas article, 24 April 2018)

based his assessment on the capital city of Indonesia,

Jakarta, on three main principles, which are

functional quality, visual quality, and environmental

quality. Functional quality is the quality of a city that

guarantees the safety, security, comfort,

effectiveness, and efficiency of its citizens in their

activities. Visual quality is about the clarity,

aesthetics, character, and identity of the city.

Residents are easy to move because they are guided

by directions orderly, not chaotically. Meanwhile,

the quality of the environment is how Jakarta can

adapt to the environment concerning climate,

ecology, society, and culture.

Pawitro (2015), in his study on improving

important aspects in the aesthetic of the city in the

downtown area, has concluded that the aspects that

are considered to be important in the efforts to

restructure and improve the area are: (1) Scale of

City Open Space, (2) Roles and Functions of City

Open Space, (3) Attractiveness to the City Open

Space, (4) Landscape and Green System Conditions

in the Area, (5) Vista Condition (Landscape), (6)

Viewpoint (View) around the Area, (7) Architectural

Diversity in Regions, (8) Esthetic Elements in the

Area, (9) Clarity of Regional Characteristics (10)

Condition-based Maintenance of Old Building, (11)

Condition of Shelters, Zebra Crossing, and

Pedestrian Bridges, (12) Condition of Sidewalks and

Pedestrian Trails, (13) Signage to the Area, and (14)

Arrangement of Advertising/Advertising. Ayu

(2017) concluded from the results of the study that

the visual quality on Letjen. S. Parman Street was

classified as medium. The most influential form-

based code variable on Letjen. S. Parman street is

Elements

Feature character

Elements

of Facade

Upper facade and building cornice

Entrance (door, access ramps)

Windows (material, size, displays,

lighting)

Signage

Awning

Security grilles

Color of Building

Landscaping/planting

Spatial

Quality

Factors

Shape

Size

Continuity

Height of frame

Floor Configuration

Architectural characteristics of the

surrounding buildings

Sculpture

Design Guidelines for Urban Aesthetic to Strengthen Visual Quality at Town Corridor in Pontianak City Center

vehicular lanes and parking. Moreover, visual

qualities, namely integration, suitability, continuity,

and sequence, are the most influential. This shows

that visual quality is formed from the suitability of

city elements as well as form-based codes with

standards, the surrounding environment, and the

consistency of form-based codes that result from

continuity and sequence.

According to some experts, describing the

visual quality of space in the road corridor can be

explained as in table 2:

Table 2. Indicators and Criteria of Visual Quality for

Corridor Space

Source

Indicator

Criteria

Cullen

(1971)

Visual

quality of

space that

can

influence

the feeling

psychologi

cal

condition

of the

observer /

user

1. There are sequences of

interesting changes in

object view (serial

vision) / sequences)

2. The special

characteristics of a place

that distinguishes it from

other places through the

quality of the enclosure.

3. There is a harmonious

composition between

the objects forming the

space.

Zahn

(1999)

Visual

connection

1. There are two places

that are connected in a

neutral or hierarchical

way.

2. There are elements that

visually connect the two

places.

Jane

Jacobs

(1995)

Corridor

with clear

space

structure

1. The form of a clear

space which is an

enclosed unit

2. The facade of the

building reflects the

function.

3. The existence of a

unified composition of

the elements of the

corridor wall

Bacon

(1978)

Corridor

with space

quality that

inspires the

observer's

feelings

1.The proportion of space

and mass forming gives

observer aesthetic

satisfaction

2.Objects in the corridor

form

sequences/continuity of

visual experience

Source: Synthesis from various sources, 2018

The scope of the study of City Architecture or

Urban Design (Paul D Spreiregen, 1969) in Pawitro

(2015) reveals that there are fields of study that

surround it. The scope of City Architecture or Urban

Design includes: (a) perspective and insight into the

'state territory' and 'urban area', (b) urban design at the

metropolitan city scale, (c) urban design and urban

scales , (d) elements of residency or residential areas,

(e) elements of entertainment and recreation places,

(f) elements of malls and plazas (open spaces), (g)

urban design on a single building scale, and (h )

handling the detailed (more detailed) scale of city

design activities. City aesthetics or the urban

aesthetics are the main goals of professional activities

of city architecture. Particular city or city area is

proposed in a proposal to the city government to

increase the aesthetic value of a particular city area.

The main focus of the efforts to improve the

city's aesthetic value is to seek, explore, and utilize

the potential of regional architecture in order to

realize the architectural physical appearance. The

above efforts are carried out in line with city planning

activities and urban design. Meanwhile, the approach

taken in the city architecture activity is a

comprehensive approach involving multi related

disciplines.

In large cities, especially in developing

countries, including the major cities in Indonesia,

efforts to create and realize the physical-ecological

environment and visual-aesthetic environment in

urban areas are in fact still lagging behind. Only in

the big cities of the metropolitan level, such as Jakarta

and Surabaya, the city government feels the need for

the references/guidelines/regulations relating to the

process of three-dimensional (3D) form of urban

areas. Architectural values of an urban area in several

major cities in Indonesia since the last three decades

have begun to be promoted towards the development

of a more intensive area with high socio-economic

value (Udjianto Pawitro, 2012).

2.1 Building Facade Components

Facade is a representation or expression of various

aspects that appear and can be observed visually. In

the context of urban architecture, building facades are

not only two-dimensional but also three-dimensional

in nature so that they can represent each building in

the public (city) or vice versa. For this reason, the

building facade component observed includes: A).

Gate and Entrance. When entering a building from the

direction of the road, one passes through various

gradations of something called "public". The position

of the entrance and architectonic meaning of the

entrance show the role and function of the building.

The entrance is a sign of the transition from the public

part (exterior) to the private part (interior). The

BEST ICON 2018 - Built Environment, Science and Technology International Conference 2018

entrance is an element of self-statement from the

occupants of the building. Sometimes the entrance

position gives the role and demonstrative function of

the building. The path from the gate to the building

forms a virtual line that becomes the datum of the

composition. Here it can be observed whether the

balance that occurs is absolute symmetry or only

geometrically balanced.

B). Ground Floor Zone. The ground floor zone

is the most important urban element of facade. The

base of a building, which is the base floor, is the most

important urban element of a facade. Because it

relates to the transition to the soil, the use of material

for this zone must be more durable than that for other

zones. The ground floor has a certain meaning in

urban life. Because this area is the most directly

accepted by humans, often the ground floor becomes

a shopping mall and other commercial companies.

C). Windows and entrances to buildings.

Windows and doors are seen as free spatial units. This

element allows a better view of urban life, namely the

presence of openings from inside the building to the

outside of the building. Window functions as a light

source for interior space, namely the effect of light

penetration on interior spaces. The window is also a

building opening that allows views from and out of

the building. In addition, to meet its functional needs,

windows can also be a decorative element in the wall

area. The door plays a decisive role in the context of

the building, because the door prepares guests before

entering the room, therefore the meaning of the door

must be considered from various points of view. The

activity of entering space in a building is basically a

vertical wall penetration. It can be made with a

variety of designs from the simplest, such as making

a hole in the plane of the wall, to the form of a strict

and complicated gate. The position of the door on a

building is very important to further emphasize the

function of the door as a field between the outside

space and the space in the building. It is because the

location or position of a door is closely related to the

shape of the space entered, which will determine the

path configuration and activity patterns in the room.

D). Guardrail (railing). It is needed when there

is a danger in a room. The guardrail is also a physical

barrier that is used if there are social agreements

regarding space use. E). Roofs and Building Endings.

There are 2 types of roof, namely flat roof and alpine-

style roof, which is more common. The roof is the top

part of the building. The roof fixed in the context of

facade here is seen as a building boundary with the

sky. The skyline formed by the facade rows and the

building figures cannot only be seen as a barrier, but

also as an object that holds the secret and collective

memory of its citizens.

F). Signs and Ornaments on Facade. Signs are

all things that are installed by shop owners,

companies, offices, banks, restouts, and others in

front of the building. They can be in the form of

information boards, advertisements, and billboards.

These signs can be made together with the building,

but they can also be made separately from the

building. Signs in buildings, such as information

boards, advertisements, or billboards, are important

for all types of commercial buildings because these

signs are a form of corporate visual communication

to the public that informs the intentions of the

commercial company while ornaments are visual

completeness which has a role as an aesthetic element

in the building facade. Ornamentation on the facade

of commercial building, other than as a decorative

element of the building, is also as an attraction or

advertisement intended to attract people's attention.

2.2 Composition on Building Facade

Building facade itself depends heavily on changes in

sociocultural society. The diversity of the building

facade display is a modification of various design

elements that from time to time transforms.

According to Ching (2007), the visual form of

equipment that is the object of transformation and

modification of the shape of elements in the building

facade includes the figure, size, color, texture,

position, orientation, and visual inertia. It is strongly

against the selection of visual shape equipment so that

the appearance of the figure, color, size, texture, etc.,

often illustrates conditions and trends that are

emerging when the facade design is made.

To evaluate or study facade architecture,

according to DK Ching (2007), the visual

components that become objects of transformation

and modification of the building facade can be

observed by classifying the principles of formative

ideas that emphasize geometry, symmetry, contrast,

rhythm, proportion and scale.

• Facades Geometry is a formative idea in

architecture that embodies geometrical

principles in a field or object in a built

Design Guidelines for Urban Aesthetic to Strengthen Visual Quality at Town Corridor in Pontianak City Center

environment, triangle, circle, rectangle, and its

variants.

• Symmetry is a formative idea that directs

building design to a balance that occurs in the

built environment. It is divided into symmetry

with absolute balance, symmetry with geometric

balance, and symmetry with diagonal balance.

To build a balanced composition, symmetry

must be far more dominant than asymmetry. The

facade must have 'faces' which reflect different

planned solutions but remain symmetrical

within themselves (by analogy with the human

body). Side view can play a minor role in

balancing the front and back appearances.

• Depth Contrast is a formative idea that takes into

account the color and dark and light differences

that occurs in the facade element. The level of

difference is categorized into 3 levels: very dark,

dark, bright.

• Rhythm is an illustrative typology that shows

building components in the form of repetitions

on both large and small scale. The components

can be in the form of columns, doors, windows,

or ornaments. The small repeated scale is

categorized as monotonous rhythm while the

bigger one is categorized as dynamic rhythm.

• Proportion is the comparison between one part

and the other part in one of the facade elements.

In determining the proportion of buildings, the

considerations are usually the limits applied to

the form, the nature of the material, the function

of the structure or the production process.

Because there is a basis in determining the

proportion, the determination of the proportion

of the shape and space of the building is entirely

the decision of the designer, that has the ability

to process architectural forms, develop basic

geometry forms and so on.

• Scale, in architecture, shows a comparison

between building elements or space with a

particular element and its size for humans. In the

context of the building facade, the scale is the

proportion used to determine the size and

dimensions of the facade element

Facade configuration elements that can shape

the image of a building are:

1. Elements of space openings that can be in the

form of doors, windows, BV, and aesthetic

opening elements.

2. Field of building facade. If the façade is in solid

form, it will give closed impression, but if its

dominant material is transparent (void), it will

give the impression of being open and friendly.

3. Application of dominant facade material. For

example, dominance of glass or wood will give

warm and familiar impression.

4. Types and methods in finishing façade. The

facade that is finished with concrete exposures,

natural stone or paint will give a different

impression. Paint finishing will give warmer

impression than exposed concrete will.

5. Color processing techniques. Color is one

element that is very important to create an

impression and perception on the observer (the

person who sees it).

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Contents of The Discussion

This study was conducted at trade area on Jalan

Diponegoro, Jalan Agus Salim, and Jalan Gajahmada

in Administrative Village of Benua Melayu Darat,

West Pontianak sub-district, Pontianak, West

Kalimantan (see Fig.1).

Figure 1. Observation Location a). Diponegoro Street, b)

H. Agus Salim Street and c) Gajahmada Street Pontianak

City, West Kalimantan (Source: Google Earth, 2018)

The location of observation is one of the areas

that became trade center in the city of Pontianak.

Commercial functions dominate so that various

economic activities in the form of goods and services

provision offered in this region. Each road corridor in

this area has dominance over the types of trade and

services offered in the morning, afternoon, and

evening. So, it clarifies the character of the trading

function on each path. During the day, this trade

center offers goods and services, such as household

needs, office supplies, vehicles, telecommunications,

banking, and culinary. Meanwhile at night, the area is

known as cafe street area with coffee shops located

along both sides of the lane or in other corridors

within the area.

3.2. Building Regulation

In general, land use in the Gajahmada street area,

BEST ICON 2018 - Built Environment, Science and Technology International Conference 2018

specifically in the main corridor of Gajahmada Street,

and the connecting corridor to Tanjungpura Street are

dominated by trade functions and service buildings.

Diponegoro and H. Agus Salim Street are also

connecting street and corridors to the Tanjungpura

Street. These trade functions include shops, shopping

centers, stalls, and street vendors while service

functions include banking, hospitality, workshops,

offices and health services. Besides the above

functions, there are other functions in the main

corridors in this region, namely educational and

religious facilities as well as fire fighting facilities.

For residential functions in this area, there are

zones/blocks in the main corridor. The intensity of

land use in the area of the main corridor and

connecting corridors almost have KBD of 90-100%

with a building height of at least 2 floors and a

maximum of 16 floors with the basic building

coefficient level of 90-100% in average (Pontianak

City RTBL 2014). The density and distance between

buildings throughout the area are very dense and

tight.

3.3. Physical Identification Analysis of

Facade Corridor Space Based on Facade

Elements

3.3.1. Facade Elements on Diponegoro Street

and Agus Salim Street

These streets are two opposite street segments

separated by the Trench and each has one direction

and is directly interconnected with Gajahmada Street.

Figure 2. Serial Vision Mapping of Elements Facade on

Diponegoro Street and H. Agus Salim Street

(Source: Mapping and Documentation, 2018)

This street corridor is a trade area located in the

center of Pontianak. The function of commercial

buildings dominates this region so that trading

activities occur in the morning, afternoon, and night.

The building facade varies according to its function

(see table 3).

Table 3. Facade Elements of Buildings on Diponegoro

Street and H. Agus Salim Street

Facade

Elements

Observation Result

Storefront Elements

Doors

• The use of rolling door doors with an average

width of 3 m for one door and doors with wood

materials

• The door on the building employs a garage

model, with a approximately 3m wide and a ±

2m height.

Awnings

• Canopies in several buildings have a height of 3

meters with aluminum material, 7 meters,

• Canopy length ± 1.5 m, canopy height ± 4 m,

using concrete materials

• Canopy length ± 2 m, canopy height ± 4 m, using

concrete materials.

• dominant color follows the color of the wall

• Concrete, plastic, wood materials

Guard &

Security

Grills

• There is no guardrail on the building.

• fence on 2

, 3

, and 4

floor

Lighting

• Lighting on buildings is on the ground floor

only.

• Lighting is on each floor of the building

• No lighting (buildings without activity)

• Lighting focuses on signage or building

markers.

Main

Gate

In this building, there is no gate and entrance

because it is directly connected to the road.

Exterior

Display

There is no exterior display element in this

building.

Landscap

Planting

• In front of the building, there are no plants, but

there are several plants beside the building.

• There is pavement that directly connects to the

road, but there is no garden.

• Some buildings have plants on 2

and 3

floors

Signage Elements

Building

Signage

• There is no building signage in front of the

building.

• Some buildings have signage placed above the

entrance.

• A marker board placed above the building

canopy.

Window

Display

Signage

• There is no window display signage.

• Some buildings have window display

Mural

Signage

There is no Mural signage

Upper Level Elements

Cornice

There is no cornice. Cornice is at 2

and 3

floor

Windows

The window in this building is made of glass, with

a simple design. Square shape

Materials

Wall materials in this building are concrete,

ceramics, glass, aluminum, and some walls of

buildings use steel material

Some buildings still retain their original shape,

but there are also buildings that have been renovated.

Design Guidelines for Urban Aesthetic to Strengthen Visual Quality at Town Corridor in Pontianak City Center

Facade elements will visually affect the visual quality

of the corridor so that this area needs to be identified

to find out its potential and weakness

3.3.2. Facade Elements on Gajahmada Street

Observations were made by making serial vision to

identify and analyze facade elements on the visual

quality of road corridors

Figure 3. Serial Vision Mapping of Facade Elements on

Gajahmada Street (Source: Mapping and Documentation,

2018)

The process of identifying facade elements was

carried out on both sides of the corridor to support

observation of the visual facade of the area (table 4).

Table 4. Building Facade Elements on Gajahmada Street

Facade

Elements

Observation Result

Storefront Elements

Awnings

• Canopies in several buildings have a

height of 3 meters with concrete

material

• Canopy height ± 4 m, canopy is made

from concrete materials.

• Canopy length ± 2 m, canopy height ±

4 m, concrete material.

• dominant color follows the color of the

wall

• Concrete, plastic, wood materials

Doors

• Use of a rolling door with a width of

3 meters and a height of 3 meters

• Doors of wood material with a width

of 3 meters and a height of 3 meters

• The door on the building employs

garage model, ± 3m width and ± 2m

height.

Guard &

Security Grills

• There is no fencing in the building.

• fence is on the 2

, 3

and 3

floor

balcony, 1 meter high

• Railing from iron material is on the

balcony from 2

and 3

floor as a

safety requirement.

Lighting

• Lighting is on the ground floor only.

• Lighting is on each floor of the

building

• No lighting (buildings without

activity)

• Lighting focuses on signage or

building markers.

• Lighting is found in building signage

as a source of lighting

Main Gate

(Accessibility)

• In this building, there is no gate and

entrance because it is directly

connected to the road.

• There are two columns as canopy

support and circulation guide

Exterior

Display

Elements

• There is no exterior display element.

• Exterior display is according to the

product sold

• There is secondary skin building with

floor and 3

floor, made from

metal material, ACP, concrete and

wood..

Landscape

/Planting

• There are no plants, but beside the

building, there are several plants.

• There is pavement that directly

connects to the road, but there is no

garden.

• Some buildings have plants on 2

and

floor.

Signage Elements

Building

Signage

• There is no building signage in front

of the building.

• Some buildings have signage placed

above the entrance.

• A marker board placed above the

building canopy.

• In the form of billboards vertically on

the ground floor of the building's

facade

• In the form of signage installed on the

secondary skin with an area covering

the 2

floor facade

Window

Display

Signage

• Some buildings do not have window

display signage.

• Building has a windows display

Mural

Signage

There is no mural signage

Upper Level Elements

Cornice

• There are no cornices

• Cornice on 2

and 3

floors is clearly

visible on the building facade

Windows

• Windows on buildings made of glass,

with a simple design.

• Square shape

• Classic form

Materials

Wall material in this building uses

concrete, ceramics, glass, aluminum as

materials and several walls of buildings

use steel material

Source: Analysis, 2018

BEST ICON 2018 - Built Environment, Science and Technology International Conference 2018

3.4. Visual Quality Analysis of Corridors

Positive visual quality is explained in the criteria of

the principles of visual aesthetic structuring, namely

the existence of aesthetic composition (unity, balance,

rhythm), the sequence, the uniqueness and diversity,

and the continuity or visual continuity. Based on the

analysis of building facade elements located on

Diponegoro Street, H. Agus Salim Street, and

Gajahmada Street, there were several influences of

facade elements on visual quality.

Storefront Elements includes the same Awnings

with the same dominant height but there are

differences in width, material diversity, and color. The

entrance of the building is perpendicular to the road

without borders, but is emphasized by the increase in

the floor level towards the door of the building.

Rolling door has the same average height of 3 meters

with a wide width depending on the width of the

building while the materials are iron, aluminum, and

wood. The canopy functions as a reinforced main gate

with columns to direct circulation. It does not have a

guardrail because the terrace which functions as a

connecting corridor between buildings is directly

adjacent to the road. Some buildings have security

grills located on 2

, 3

and 4

floors for security

reasons.

Certain buildings have exterior display elements

in accordance with the products marketed on the

ground floor and on the 2

floor with various

placement models. As a commercial area, trading

activities in this area are carried out until night so

lighting has a very important role. At night, the

activity is seen in buildings that have glass material.

Some lightings in the buildings are seen on the ground

floor, some are on all floors of the building. Some

lightings are from exterior displays or building

signage, but some lightings are applied in the entire

building along with exterior displays and signage.

Landscape and planting elements are found on the

-floor balconies at several buildings that function

as residence, but some other functions, such as hotels,

also apply the concept of green wall like in the

building facade. Irregularities that affect the principle

of unity, proportion, rhythm and color of storefront

elements have a negative impact on the facade

component and on the visual quality of the region in

general.

Signage Elements in this area include the diversity of

building signage in terms of form, placement, and

dimensions. Although the main purpose is as

information of building functions, it has a negative

influence on the visual quality of the corridor and the

area. In this case, the scale element as a comparison

between signage and space is not suitable because the

signage dimension is large enough that it is placed

vertically in front of the building to cover the identity

of the next building so that in serial view, it has a

negative impact on the visual quality of the area.

Upper Level Elements in the existing buildings on

Diponegoro Street, H. Agus Salim Street, and

Gajahmada Road which include windows that have

various forms in accordance with the function of the

building are colonial buildings that still retain their

facade and facade elements, but need to be

rejuvenated. Some buildings are modern style

buildings with the dominance of glass, concrete,

ceramics and aluminum as building materials.

Material diversity is related to their respective

functions. In terms of proportion, there is a couple of

buildings where the relationship between the facade

elements as a whole has become a unified visual

relationship. However, there are also a number of

buildings in serial vision of which the proportion is

not achieved because of the determination of certain

forms of buildings that affects their visual quality.

3.5. Design Guidelines to Strengthen

Aesthetic Quality Visual Corridor Space

Facade configuration elements that can form the

image of a building that can be the direction of urban

aesthetic design to strengthen Visual Quality in

Pontianak City Central Corridor are shown in the

table 5:

Table5. Design Guidelines of Urban Aesthetic

Facade Elements

of Existing

Building

Design Guidelines of Urban

Aesthetic

Applying conformity of building

openings with building functions

without eliminating the building's

original identity in the form of

uniformed doors and windows,

both vertically and horizontally,

especially in couple buildings.

Reducing solid or massive field on

the facade so that closed

impression can be minimized. The

use of the facade constituent field

with transparent (void) dominance

will give open and friendly

impression

Application of the principle of

solid void in the building facade in

order to avoid the use of floor

sheaths by applying building

material in accordance with its

function and reducing the

dimensions of building signage so

it will not dominate the entire

building façade

Design Guidelines for Urban Aesthetic to Strengthen Visual Quality at Town Corridor in Pontianak City Center

Applying the facade finishing

method according to the original

material of the building to create

harmony and unity with the

surrounding buildings.

Applying building rejuvenation by

applying colors in accordance with

the concept and building materials

because color is one element that

has a role to create the impression

and perception in accordance with

the function of the area in general

and the function of building in

particular

4. CONCLUSION

Based on the results and discussions that have been

carried out related to the building facade elements on

visual quality in the corridor of downtown Pontianak,

some conclusions can be drawn as follows; 1) There

is a diversity of building facade elements which not

only can achieve its objectives in providing

information on the function of buildings and regions,

but can also have a negative impact on the visual

quality of the corridor, 2) Use of building materials

that are not in accordance with its function as

dominant materials of the facade of the building

causes the buildings to not achieve unity and

alignment of proportions, scale and sequence of

surrounding buildings, 3) Form, dimensions and

placement of building signage that are not in

accordance with its function reduce the visual quality

of the corridor so that it has a negative impact on

serial vision of the corridor and region. According to

this fact, it is necessary to make arrangements in

accordance with the design of urban aesthetic by

applying the facade configuration elements that can

form the image of a building. Positive visual quality

through the criteria of the principles of visual

aesthetic structuring is namely the existence of

aesthetic composition (unity, balance, rhythm), the

sequence, the uniqueness and diversity, and visual

continuity.

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Indonesia",https://properti.kompas.com/read/2018/0

4/24/145412721/5380-danisworo-memperkaya-

arsitektur-indonesia. Penulis: Hilda B Alexander

Editor : Hilda B Alexander

BEST ICON 2018 - Built Environment, Science and Technology International Conference 2018