Teachers’ Punishment Management towards Students in Learning

Process at SMPN 7 Ternate City

Anwar Ismail, Dewi Mufidatul Ummah

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University

Keywords: Management, Punishment, Learning.

Abstract: This study aims to explore the teachers’ punishment management of students in the learning process at the

school environment. The research subjects were taken 32 students which used cluster sampling techniques

and used questionnaires and deep-interview as instruments. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive

to find out the description of conditions, background and correct ways in managing of punishment was done

by teachers and the psychological impacts by students. The result showed that there are some efforts to

manage punishment who made by teacher; 1) give a warning to students who made violations, so that students’

behaviour can change. 2). Giving punishment to students who continue or cannot stop doing violations, so

students can realize their mistakes such as cleaning up trash. 3.) Give examples of attitudes, like show good

discipline to students. Such as, teachers arrive early to school every day. 4) To give strong motivation to the

students, so they can be disciplined and obey the rules that have been set at the school.5). Calling students’

parents who break the school rules, so students can realize their mistakes and parents can pay more attention

to their children to change into better behaviour.

1 INTRODUCTION

Childhood is the budding, potential, and young

generation as the successor of the ideals of the

nation's struggle, has a strategic role and has special

characteristics and characteristics that guarantee the

continuity of the existence of the nation and state in

the future. Children should be given the widest

possible opportunity to grow and develop optimally,

both physically, mentally and socially and have a

noble character, therefore safeguards and child

welfare should be carried out by providing guarantees

to the children for their rights and treatment, without

violence and discrimination.

Today, in the world of education in Indonesia in

general and in North Maluku, especially the treatment

of violence and discrimination both physically and

psychologically for children in school still occurs in

the educational environment; Elementary Schools

(SD), Junior High Schools (SMP) and Senior High

Schools (SMU), where there are still many teachers

who use violence as a tool and way of managing and

disciplining the class. What do students feel when the

teacher hits students at school? They will have bad

feelings about themselves so they feel ashamed of

their friends, stop learning and do not want to go to

school.

North Maluku was one of the regions that had

experienced social conflicts from 2000 to 2003. At

that time, besides the community, children were also

directly and indirectly involved in the conflict at that

time. Starting from this event, we assume that

children involved directly and indirectly in post-

conflict have experienced mental upheaval such as

stress and deep trauma that have difficulty in making

decisions. If now, children experience physical and

psychological violence by teachers in school, and

then the feeling of stress and trauma will arise again

so that they will become rebellious, unproductive,

and quiet can even be trapped in an atmosphere of

very deep depression.

In teaching, a teacher is expected to be able to

determine the right teaching approach in the teaching

and learning process. To improve students 'reasoning

in the teaching and learning process it is also

necessary to create an approach that can increase

students' attention to the subject matter. In the process

of the approach, students are required to be able to act

and act actively so that the objectives of the teaching

and learning process can be achieved properly.

Ismail, A. and Ummah, D.

Teachers’ Punishment Management towards Students in Lear ning Process at SMP Negeri 7 Ternate City.

DOI: 10.5220/0008897600690074

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2018), pages 69-74

ISBN: 978-989-758-439-8

One approach that can increase attention and

make students more active is by giving prizes in the

form of rewards and praise and punishment.

(Nasution, 1986: 78) said "Praise is an

encouragement for someone to study harder, praise is

always associated with good achievement".

According to Winkel (1984: 28), in addition to

providing the above motivation, giving penalties

needs to be implemented. This is so that students are

trying to avoid the punishment promised by their

teacher by trying hard to study.

Seeing this phenomenon, the author feels the need

to do a study to find out how the punishment

management of students in the learning process in the

school environment, namely in one of the junior high

schools in Ternate City; SMPN 7 Kota Ternate. In

2017, this school was one of the schools established

by the Minister of Women's Empowerment as Child

Friendly schools

1.1 Formulation of the Problem

The formulation of the problem in this study is "how

is management punished (punishment) by the teacher

towards students in the learning process?"

1.2 Limitation of Problems

The author limits the research on the punishment

(punishment) management of teachers towards

students in the learning process at SMPN 7 Kota

Ternate. The population to be taken is from class VIII

(Eight). The number of samples taken was 32

students using cluster sampling techniques

1.3 Research Objectives

The purpose of this research is to find out the

punishment management of students in the learning

process in the school environment.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Type of Research

This type of research is qualitative descriptive

research, conducted to find out how the description of

conditions, background and management of the

punishment carried out by the teacher and the

psychological influence felt by students of SMPN 7

Kota Ternate.

2.2 Research Location

This research took place at SMPN 7 Kota Ternate,

located on Jl. Siswa, Ternate city.

2.3 Data Collection Techniques

Data collection techniques used in this study are:

1) Questionnaire technique is a data collection

technique that is done by giving a set of questions or

written statements to the respondent to obtain data

about the type of punishment that the respondent gets.

2) In-depth Interview

Interviews were conducted using questions that were

increasingly focused so that information about

teacher punishment management of students in

Ternate City 7 Junior High School was collected in

depth and could meet the quota of information needed

by researchers.

In this qualitative research, the sampling

technique used was purposive sampling. In this case

the researcher will choose the informant who is seen

to know the best, namely the student and teacher as

the main structure in the educational institution, the

informant chosen is expected to develop according to

the needs and stability of the researcher in obtaining

data about the forms, background, and resolution of

the law, conducted by teachers to students in formal

education institutions.

Data that have been successfully extracted,

collected and recorded in research activities were

checked for its consistency and truth. Therefore, the

researchers must be able to choose and determine the

right ways to develop the validity of the data

obtained. In this study, the technique used to check

for the validity of research data was through

triangulation.

2.4 Data Analysis Techniques

1) Data Reduction

That is as a selection process, focusing on

simplifying, abstracting, and transforming rough data

that emerges from written records in the field.

2) Data Display

Display data includes various types of matrices,

images, networks and tables all designed to combine

information arranged in a form that is unified and

easily observed.

3) Conclusion

Conclusions are only part of a complete

configuration. The conclusions were also verified

during the research, namely by reflecting back what

ICTL 2018 - The 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning

was found again and exchanging ideas with others to

obtain the truth.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 General Description of SMP 7 Kota

Ternate

SMP 7 Ternate City has NPSN 6020066 and the date

of the decree on the establishment of schools on

January 10, 1994. The location of the school is

located at Jalan K.H Dewantara, Takoma Village,

Ternate Tengah Subdistrict, Ternate City and side by

side with several other schools. This middle school is

a fairly old school in the city of Ternate. Judging from

its location, it has quite strategic conditions because

it is in the education area along with other schools and

the location of the school is easily accessible and its

position is on the transportation route. In the

Academic Year 2018/2019 the school has as many as

1056 students divided into 36 study groups, which

stand on ± 2400 m2. Cared for by 60 permanent

teachers and 7 Education Personnel with a minimum

of S1 education.

Table1: Data of teachers and students at SMPN 7 Ternate

2018.

Descripti

on.

teache

Sta

technici

stude

nts

Male 21 0 21 503

Female 39 7 46 553

Total 60 7 67 1056

Based on the school's vision and mission, it is

illustrated that the mission carried out in State Junior

High School (SMPN) 7 Ternate City is the

implementation and development of learning in

improving the quality of education. In addition, from

2017 SMPN 7 Ternate City was launched by the

Ternate City Government and was inaugurated by the

Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child

Protection as a Child Friendly School. To meet the

category of child-friendly schools, there are

indicators that must be met, including schools, which

must be free from smoking, liquor and drugs

(Okezone News, March 09, 2017)

3.2 Student Condition

SMP Negeri 7 Ternate City until now has as many as

1056 students with 36 study groups and is divided

into two learning shifts namely morning learning and

afternoon learning. Regarding the data on the

condition of Ternate 7th Junior High School students

in the academic year 2018/2019 can be seen in the

following table.

Table 2: Data of Students at SMPN 7 Ternate City 2018.

Classroom 7 Classroom 8 Classroom 9

M F To

al M F To

al M F Total

177 209 386 178 185 365 148 159 307

3.3 Description of Teachers’ Punishment

Management of Students

Based on the field study, the researcher will present

the results of the research that is the management of

the teacher's Punishment in the learning process at

SMPN 7 Kota Ternate. The teacher has a goal or

outcome to be achieved from the punishment that is

applied to students. The teacher's efforts are as

follows:

3.3.1 Rule Violations by Students at SMPN 7

Kota Ternate

School regulations are an agreement agreed upon by

the school community in guarding the discipline and

behavior of the citizens inside. The purpose of this

regulation was to guard behavior and organize the

lives of school people so that the process of forming

identity and education ran smoothly without

interference. If there are undesirable disturbances that

will cause the education system that is designed can

not be run regularly.

Teachers’ Punishment Management towards Students in Learning Process at SMP Negeri 7 Ternate City

Regulations of SMPN 7 Kota Ternate which should

not be violated by students have been arranged in the

form of school discipline, but there are still students

who violate those who do not comply with the rules

made by school such as being late, smoking, violating

the rules of clothing or hair, no follow the dhuhur

prayer in congregation and others.

The researcher conducted data collection using

questionnaires and spread to 32 students of SMPN 7

Kota Ternate. Based on the results of questionnaires

distributed to 32 students.Data obtained from several

types of rule violations that were often carried out by

students gave rise to teacher penalties for not making

public relations (78%), made noisy in class (75%),

cheating (68% ) disturbing other students (59%),

arriving late (56%) and forgetting to bring books

(52%) and smoking (35%).

According to the results of interviews conducted

by researchers, it was found that the violations

committed by both male and female students in SMP

7 Ternate city were quite numerous and varied, from

violations which were quite small to repeated

violations.

Based on the analysis conducted on the results of

interviews with teachers and principals and

questionnaires, it can be concluded that there are

various types of violations carried out by students in

the 7th Junior High School of Ternate. Violations that

occur are not making homework, smoking, coming

late and not being disciplined about the schedule of

activities in the school such as apples or morning

ceremonies and dhuhur prayers in congregation.

Dhuhur prayer activities in congregation are one of

the activities carried out every day by the school

which aims to shape the character of students of SMP

7 Kota Ternate.

3.3.2 Types of Punishment by the Teacher

In line with its main task as educators in schools,

teachers perform educational performance tasks in

guidance, teaching, and training. All these activities

are closely related to the efforts of developing

students through exemplary, creating a conducive

educational environment, guiding, teaching, and

training students. With developments and demands

that are developing today, teacher roles experience

expansion, namely as coaches, counselors, learning

managers, participants, leaders, and learners. Ternate

State Middle School 7, the punishment given to

students who commit violations varies, it is seen from

the violations of what students have done. Students

who commit minor offenses will be given a sentence

in the form of advice not to commit another offense.

In reality students do a lot of moderate and moderate

budgeting. Whereas severe violations are rarely

carried out by students. The teacher's efforts are as

follows:

a. Giving a Warning to Students

Reprimand is needed as an effort to improve

behavior. Some things that must be considered in

reprimanding them are being directed to students who

violate existing rules, reprimand is done to avoid

warning that is rude, reprimand is given to students

who are not disciplined. Student discipline is

inseparable from students' negative behavior which is

increasingly alarming. It is undeniable that the

teacher is an important component in shaping student

behavior to be better and can direct students to

improve discipline on existing rules.

Based on the results of a field study with interview

techniques to the Principal and the teacher in getting

the data that there are operational Standards to

provide penalties for students. The first sequence is to

give a warning to the students concerned. If the

reprimand has not been found to change behavior,

then the School or the teacher will instruct parents to

call parents to come to school. It is expected that with

the intervention of parents, students will not repeat

the undisciplined behavior they did.

b. Giving Punishment to Students Who Break the

Rules

The success of achieving student discipline is not

merely seen from the absence of violations

committed by students. Students who have high

discipline are students who have obedience,

awareness of rules that have been determined by the

school, students who violate the rules will be

punished. Giving punishment to students who violate

school rules is an attempt by teachers to increase

student discipline to comply with the rules that have

been made by the school. penalties are given to

students who commit violations such as being late,

not carrying out school work, violating clothing rules

and even punishment for students who are found

smoking and sucking on glue.

Based on the results of the questionnaire analysis

distributed to students, there were several penalties

applied by teachers in SMP N 7 Kota Ternate. Of the

32 respondents, the students who filled out the

questionnaire were given physical punishment data

that were often obtained by students by hitting using

rattan (90.6%), pinching (90.6%), lifting garbage

(84.3%) and picking up garbage (78.1%). While

ICTL 2018 - The 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning

verbal punishment that is often obtained by students is

scolding (90.6%) and insulting with words (37.5%)

The results of the triangulation interview study

between the principal and the teacher were concluded

that the teacher applied punishment to students in

various ways such as hitting using rattan, giving

punishment with physical activities such as squatting

or sit ups. The teacher also uses the punishment

method by giving fines for any mistakes made.

Suppose one error is required to pay five thousand

rupiah. The results of the fine will be submitted to the

class cash to be managed.

The interesting thing that the teacher does in applying

punishment is that the teacher makes an initial

agreement with the students about the type of

punishment, the amount of punishment, and the giver

of punishment at the beginning of the school year or

the beginning of the learning process. So that even

though they have been serving for decades, the

teacher has never experienced problems related to the

punitive actions given to students. Students and even

parents have never protested the punishment given by

the teacher.

Based on the results of interviews with the

principal, the differences in punishment include,

among others, differences in the character of students

in North Maluku who tend to be harsh, this is due to

the geographical conditions of Ternate. He analyzed

this because of the character factors of students who

were influenced by home environment factors

(parenting) and the geographical conditions within

the equator.

From the results of triangulation of data between

the questionnaire analysis and the results of

interviews, the data found that there are several ways

to implement teacher punishment on students, namely

physical punishment that is sports such as sit ups,

walking squat, running, etc. In addition, most

teachers use physical punishment using rattan to

discipline their students. This is because the character

of students in North Maluku is different from students

in Indonesia in general. The difference in character is

in the background because of the family

environment9 parenting style) and the geographical

location of Ternate which is located in the equator and

coast. According to the data obtained, the teacher is

not able to modify the behavior of students if the

punishment is a verbal punishment (in the form of

angry speech and threats given by the teacher to

students).

c. Give exemplary examples to students

In instilling discipline in students teachers must be

role models for students and be able to direct students

to improve discipline. Teachers should be able to be

a good example. If the teacher is unable to provide a

good example, students will not behave well. The

results of interviews conducted by the researchers on

September 12, 2018, obtained data from teachers that

in SMP 7 Ternate City is a child-friendly school and

teachers and students are prohibited from smoking in

the school area. This regulation was issued by the

school so that the teacher became a real example of

their students in school especially in terms of

smoking.

From the interview results it can be concluded that

the teacher gives a real example of quitting smoking,

this is due to the regulations issued by the school so

that it is not done by the teacher.

d. Give Motivation

In improving students' discipline on school rules, one

of the efforts made by teachers in Ternate's 7th Junior

High School was to provide motivation to students.

Motivation is one of the most important dynamic

aspects; motivation is also the incarnation of motives

that can be seen from the behaviour shown by

someone. Motivation is very closely related to needs,

because indeed motivation arises because of need.

Someone will be compelled to act when there is a

need. This need creates a state of imbalance (ie

dissatisfaction), namely tensions, and the tension will

disappear when those needs are met.

It can be concluded that there is an effort made by

the school to motivate the school people. The

principal motivates his teacher by giving direction at

each teacher meeting related to the management of

punishment. This is done so that the teacher is not too

excessive in giving punishment to students. Likewise

the teacher also gives motivation to students so that

students remain disciplined with the rules set by the

school. Motivation given by the teacher uses the

economic token method, namely student achievement

can be exchanged with rewards / prizes that will be

given by the teacher. The motivation carried out by

the principal and the teachers of Ternate's 7th Public

Middle School will be extrinsic motivation, thereby

increasing the ego involvement of the school

community.

e. Summoning Parents to Students Who Violate Rules

The calling of parents to students who break the rules

more than once is one of the efforts of Ternate City

Junior High School 7 to improve student discipline

such as students who are late, absent, yell at teachers

and also smoke. Students who get summon for parents

because they pulls out the lesson. Parents who get a

Teachers’ Punishment Management towards Students in Learning Process at SMP Negeri 7 Ternate City

summons from the school will be processed by the

student teacher of SMPN 7 Ternate City. This was

revealed in the results of the interviews conducted as

follows:

Based on the results of interviews with the

Principal and teachers of Ternate City Junior High

School 7 there is a mechanism for punishing students.

Such as reprimand and punishment given to students

unable to change behavior, the school will call the

parents of students who violate the rules. Skinner said

that the relationship between stimulus and response

occurs through interaction in the environment, then it

will cause changes in behavior. The results of the

above research can be concluded that the calling of

parents to students by teachers in applying discipline

to shape and change student behavior for the better.

The efforts made by teachers at Ternate 7th Public

Junior High School are stimuli where students

'response to the efforts made by teachers is students

become disciplined and reduce students who break the

rules determined by the school and shape students'

attitudes for the better.

4 CONCLUSIONS AND

SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

Based on the research that has been done and has been

described in the discussion, it can be concluded that

the efforts of teachers in improving discipline in

students of SMP Negeri 7 Kota Ternate. The efforts

made by the teacher in improving discipline in the

learning process in a way

1. Give a warning to students who commit violations

so that student behaviour can change.

2. Giving punishment to students who continue to

commit violations so students can realize their

mistakes such as cleaning up trash.

3. Providing exemplary examples of discipline to

students so students can change for the better like

teachers who arrive early to school.

4. Provide motivation to students to be able to

discipline and obey the rules that have been set.

5. Summoning parents to students who break the rules

so students can realize their mistakes and parents are

more able to pay attention to their children to change

into better behaviour.

4.2 Suggestions

Based on the results and discussion above, there are a

number of suggestions to be conveyed in this study,

namely:

1. It is recommended not to resolve student violations

while in the school environment and in the learning

process by giving physical punishment to students.

2. Teachers can provide educative penalties rather

than just giving a warning to students so students will

become accustomed and will become aware of

themselves.

3. In arranging or resolving the types of violations

committed by students while in school, the teacher

must look for alternative sentences that are more

moral and educative.

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ICTL 2018 - The 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning