Design Architecture Cargo Acquisition for Traditional Shipping

Eka Wahyu Ardhi

, I. G. N. Sumanta Buana

, and Dwiky Farid Nur Ruci

Department of Marine Transportation Engineering, Faculty of Marine Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,

60111 Keputih, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Architecture, Design, Mobile Application, Pelra

Abstract: Pelra's business has been decreased due to lack of its cargoes. Currently, approximately 90% of the port

time is waiting for cargoes. Most of cargoes comes from a regular customers and the amount of cargo is

decreased, while Pelra has difficulties obtaining new customers due to a very tight competition. The policy

of port development and tariff reduction have no significant impact on the business. Furthermore, the

preliminary results of the research show that there is still demand for Pelra services, but there is an

asymmetric information between Pelra and prospective (new) customers. The research aims to build a

mobile application as an information pipeline between Pelra and its customers. The design of the system

architecture is needed to be developed as an initial and crucial stage in the development of the mobile

application. The mobile application provides definitive information about Pelra’s services, especially on

reliability issues, and becomes a tool to obtain statistical data on the cargoes and routes of Pelra.

1 INTRODUCTION

Pelayaran Rakyat or Pelra, according to Undang-

Undang Pelayaran (Shipping Act) No. 17 of 2008

paragraph 1, is a people's business which is

traditional and has its own characteristics by using

sailboats, motorized sailboats, and/or simple motor

boats in a certain size.

Currently, Pelra's business has been decreased

along with decreasing of productivity. The number

of fleets and companies were declined as well. The

Pelra fleet in 1997 was recorded at 2,793 units, but

by 2014 the number of Pelra's was decreased to

1,357 units. Pelra's empowerment policy using a

dock development approach and special rates and

the addition of equipment has not been effective to

improve Pelra's productivity and business.

Approximately 90% of the port time is idle time, and

is still dominated by waiting for the cargoes (Subari,

2015), and vessels were going to be departed when

shipping costs have been fulfilled by revenue from

cargoes. This affects the sustainability of Pelra

business. Thus, the main problem is the uncertainty

of the cargoes.

Figure 1: The number of Pelra’s fleets tendency (source:

Transport Statistics Book).

Pelra has two types of customers, i.e. regular

customers and the non-regular customers, and where

most of the Pelra's cargoes comes from regular

customers. Meanwhile, Pelra has difficulty obtaining

cargoes from new customers. Regular customers are

dominated by ship owners, as ship owners are trader

(case study of Pelra Kalimas), so Pelra's business

sustainability depends on the owner's trading

business.

Pelra's services are still needed, especially for

transportation needs of eastern part of Indonesia and

the remote islands that cannot be reached by large

vessels. However, Pelra requires some

improvements in management and operations. The

customers need certainty in schedules, minimum

risks in damage or loss of cargoes, improvements in

Ardhi, E., Buana, I. and Ruci, D.

Design Architecture Cargo Acquisition for Traditional Shipping.

DOI: 10.5220/0008550601390144

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA 2018), pages 139-144

ISBN: 978-989-758-436-7

139

business processes, data consistencies, standard

documents, and inadequate human resources. Thus,

the information is very important for both parties.

Figure 2: Asymmetric information between Pelra and

customers.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

This application is a useful tool in daily operational

activities, so the development requires several

stages. The figure below shows the stages of this

research.

Figure 3: Research methods.

Identification of Pelra's current condition by

conducting FGD activities involving ship owners,

agents, ship crews, customers’ representatives. FGD

aims to give insight the main problems of Pelra from

the perspective of shipowners, agents, crews, and

customers, to know the real business processes that

occur in Pelra, to know the user's need for the

solution choices, to know the value of information,

and to know Pelra stakeholders. Analysis and

evaluation of FGD results resulted in system

architecture design. This architecture design is the

basis for the design of the application

prototype/market package. Application/market

package development based on mobile and web.

Both of these technologies became an early choice

because of the high technological flexibility.

The next step is testing and evaluation of

application/market package by involving Pelra and

its customers who have followed the initial FGD.

Evaluation results form the basis for improvement in

the next stage.

The last stage is the dissemination of the

application to Pelra and Pelra customers in the

second FGD. In addition, the FGD also increase the

knowledge of knowledge of Pelra more broadly.

3 GENERAL OVERVIEW

3.1 Pelra’s Fleet and Business

Pelayaran-Rakyat also known as Pelra is citizen’s

business which is traditional and have its own

characteristics to carry out transport in water using

sailing vessels including Pinisi, sailing boat, and/or

simple motor boat with a certain size. Pelra rated

more economical and can reach into the river and the

small islands around the country if compared to

shipping in general. Figure 4 is a type of Pelra’s

vessel in Kalimas Surabaya (Mubarok, 2013).

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Figure 4: Type of Pelra’s cargoes in general

3.2 Service Activities in Pelra

Idle time in Pelra’s vessel is 91%. The average

Pelra’s vessel in Kalimas wait for cargoes became

the high docking time constraint.

Figure 5: Proportion of Port Time in Port of Pelra Kalimas

(Mubarok, 2016).

The efforts to increase competitiveness of Pelra

by increasing the loading-unloading productivity

proven ineffective, because it only had an impact on

decreasing port time. In this case, a strategy to

improve the capability to obtaining cargoes need to

be developed, both from the side of the vessel which

is seeking the vessel to meet the rules of bureau

classification as well as increasing access to cargo

owners.

3.3 Shipping Connectivity

In Pelra, especially vessels depart from or arrive to

Port of Pelra Kalimas. Pelra’s vessels is included in

tramper shipping, due to vessel’s routes and

schedule in accordance with the request of the cargo

owners. The current route of the Pelra’s vessel tent

to remain. However, the departure schedule of the

vessel is still dependent on the cargoes means that

the vessel set off when it had already been fully

cargoes. It is differentiating services in Pelra’s

vessels with conventional vessels.

In terms of connectivity, Pelra has more routes

than other types of shipping. Leli (2016) stated that

there are 227 port in Indonesia which is just trodden

by Pelra. So, the role of Pelra is urgently needed in

that region.

Figure 6: The number of port which is just trodden by

Pelra’s vessels in Indonesia (Leli, 2016).

One of the connectivity’s indicator is

accessibility. Accessibility is directly proportional to

the amount of the cargo and inversely proportional

to the distance. Areas with low accessibility tent to

have a low GDP per capita.

3.4 Digital Island @SIDI

Small islands scattered in the territory of Indonesia

have a lot of potential in natural resources, which is

a major maritime tourist capital. Maratua Island is a

typical example. The challenge of developing small

island like this is very evident, poverty, high

commodity prices, low level of connectivity with the

economic centers, low levels of health and education

as well as the limited availability of fresh water and

electricity. Therefore, small island development is a

challenge for the Government and the community

and for science.

Sustainable Island Development Initiatives

(SIDI) implemented by ITS joint partners with in

and out of the country carrying out interdisciplinary

research to answer the challenges of small islands

and outermost.

From the perspective of Intelligent

Transportation System (ITS), information

Design Architecture Cargo Acquisition for Traditional Shipping

141

technology has great potential to be able to increase

the capacity of transportation while stimulating

economic activities and other sectors. Despite the

known of high potential role of information

technology, the small islands face the real digital

disparity. Digital Island’s Prototype for marine

transportation have been developed in this research.

Figure 7: Digital Island (Nugroho, 2015).

4 RESEARCH PROGRESS

4.1 The Progress of the

Implementations of the Research

Researchers made a visit to the port of Pelra in

Kalimas and Gresik in order to survey the real

conditions in the field and collect some information

there regarding processes, documents, the

characteristics of the cargoes, the characteristics of

shipper, the characteristics of vessel’s crew, the

characteristics of truck’s crew and labour, as well as

the constraints often encountered in shipping activity

through Pelra. The results of this survey are used in

making the initial architecture of the application.

Figure 8: Activity in Port of Pelra Surabaya.

The next stage of the research activity is Focused

Group Discussion (FGD) on august 8, 2017 in Naval

Architecture and shipbuilding Engineering

Department. This FGD was attended by

representative of DPD of Pelra East Java and Bali,

DPC of Pelra Kalimas Surabaya, DPC of Pelra

Gresik, PT Unilever Indonesia, PT Leschaco

Logistik Indonesia, CV Avenir, Indonesia Research

Center (LIPI) and ITS. The first FGD aim for

socialization research activities on stakeholders,

knowing the the condition and the business process

from recent cargo acquisition in Pelra, dig up

informations from Pelra’s stakeholders regarding

services of Pelra in the logistics activities, as well as

obtain feedback and advice on the application that

will be created as the result of this research.

Socialization as the first material of discussion

contain an early description of business process and

application design that have been obtained from

previous studies, so that FGD’s participants can

discuss and provide input and knowledge that have

not been obtained from previous research. This FGD

activity also acted as the initial survey activy againts

internal and external management of Pelra.

Figure 9: FGD of Pelra’s realization in ITS

The result of this FGD analyzed again through

internal discussion of the researchers to get the main

Figure of the current condition of Pelra in cargo

acquisition and making the business process

diagram. The result is the analysis of the value of

information for Pelra and its customers, completion

of business process and system architecture, and

initial design (forms application).

4.2 The Result of the Research

Based on the results of recommendation and

analysis of realization of the first FGD then has

compiled a new mock up in accordance with the

revision of the business processes of the

stakeholders involved.

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The mock up as follows:

Figure 10. Home

In Figure 10 above in the displays home menu

options is available for the reservation of the vessels,

if clicked would henceforth be required field cargo

origin and destination delivery.

Figure 11. Vessels, Figure 12. Detail of vessels

Based on Figure 11a, the vessels served the

option available on selected routes, and if clicked on

one of the vessels will appear detailing information

regarding the vessels (Figure 11b). Next if it

selected, then cargo owners prompted the cargo

details along with the picture.

4.3 The Constraints and the Solutions

Pelra is the traditional non-profit company and has

no standard business process, as well as human

resources unpreparedness, becoming one of the

challenges for researchers. Discussion about the

business process has been going on since the

beginning of the researches on Pelra in 2009. Each

company has a different business process and

standardization, these become a challenge to do

Pelra revitalization. The concern of the standard is

regarding the determination of the cargo sizing.

These conditions make it difficult for researchers

developing the system architecture.

The solutions that can be implemented are

standardizing the size of the cargo to be mutually

agreed by all the representatives of Pelra, and forms

of document with the information required by Pelra.

The researchers will also provide training on

human resources of Pelra in information technology

that can help the operational activity and daily work,

as well as training in the use of the application.

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the activities that have been

implemented may be known that the application of

the Pelra’s cargo acquisition is helpful and necessary

either for the company or the customers. Through

this application, the company hopes to acquire new

customers which previously did not exist, and

acquiring certainty amount of cargoes, as well as can

make Pelra as the accountable company and worth

according to banking and insurance. As for

customers of Pelra, this application expected can

give definite information’s about Pelra, especially on

Pelra reliability. This application can also be a

means of obtaining statistical data cargo and vessel

routes of Pelra.

The other results that have been obtaining are the

inputs regarding the completion of business process,

system architecture design, and design and

application forms. The core of the FGD results was

as follows:

1. The condition of Pelra still wait for cargoes

approximately 2 months, in fact there is no

cargoes for return shipping,

2. The competition of Pelra with the other

modes increasingly unhealthy, some rules

should be enforced again,

3. Cargoes of Pelra tend to have low values,

4. The application benchmark which can be

taken as an example, among others, the

lazada express, cargo.co.id, gojek, traveloka

5. Some of the cargo owners still need the

services of Pelra, especially for the delivery

of goods to the deserted islands.

Design Architecture Cargo Acquisition for Traditional Shipping

143

6. Complaints from the customers is about the

packing of pallet wood which is expensive,

the potential of damage and loss of the

cargoes are high, the determination of the

size of the vessels, the search for information

about services, the uncertainty schedule, the

culture and habits of the crew, and the lack of

information regarding the service provided by

Pelra.

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