Utilization of Arafura’s Ocean Current Potential using Gorlov Helical

Turbine as an Energy Source for Cold Storage Platforms and Fuel

Distribution in Overcoming Fisheries Logistics Problems in Eastern

Indonesia

Muhammad Rizqi Mubarok

, R. O. Saut Gurning

and Muhammad Badrus Zaman

Dept of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords:

Fish Storage, Integrated Fishing Platform, Fuel, Ocean Flow Energy.

Abstract:

Indonesia is a country that has the second largest ﬁshery resource in the world after China. But the level of

ﬁsh supply for public consumption is still very lacking. This is caused by various things including the uneven

development of ﬁshing port infrastructure, lack of appropriate technology to support ﬁsheries activities, the

amount of fuel used so that it is not proportional to the amount of ﬁsh catches obtained, and the absence of

adequate ﬁsh storage places makes ﬁshermen use tools that are not environmentally friendly. Not only that, ﬁsh

is a commodity that is easily damaged and requires a means to reduce the rate of damage and deterioration of

ﬁsh quality. To overcome these problems an Integrated Fishing Platform was made by utilizing the potential of

ocean current energy for ﬁsh storage and distribution of fuel in overcoming the problem of ﬁsherman logistics

in eastern Indonesia. The working principle of this platform is to utilize the current potential with gorlov

helical turbine to change the potential current into electrical energy, where the electricity output is to electrify

cold storage and semi-submersible construction as a bunker or fuel storage for ﬁshermen.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is an archipelago with an ocean region

reaching two-thirds. It is full of sustainable potential

of Indonesian marine ﬁsh resources which reaches 65

million tons per year scattered in the waters of the Ter-

ritorial Zone and the Indonesian Exclusive Economic

Zone. Indonesia has an area that has the most ﬁsh-

eries resources, namely in the Arafura Sea. Arafura

is one of the waters in Indonesia ”the golden ﬁshing

ground” in the Indonesian ﬁshing industry. The sus-

tainable potential (MSY) of 771,600 tons / year con-

sists of pelagic ﬁsh, demersal ﬁsh, shrimp, squid, lob-

sters and reef ﬁsh, Arafura Sea has become an ”inter-

esting factor” for large-scale capture ﬁsheries that use

ships¿ 30 GT (Mulyana, 2012).

Consumption far exceeds the number of the world

community, which is 30 kg per capita per year, while

the level of ﬁsh supply for world consumption is 17.2

kg per capita per year. However, all the sustainable

potential of Indonesian marine ﬁsh resources, only

20% have been utilized (KKP, 2011). This is very

much inﬂuenced by the ﬁshing process by Indonesian

ﬁshermen.

Unfortunately, Indonesian ﬁshermen are still not

able to maximize their catch because they experience

many problems, such as the uneven development of

ﬁshing port infrastructure, lack of appropriate tech-

nology to support ﬁsheries activities, the amount of

fuel used is not proportional to the amount of ﬁsh

catches obtained, and the absence of a place Adequate

ﬁsh storage makes ﬁshermen use all means to get lots

of ﬁsh so they use tools that are not environmentally

friendly such as cantrang. Cantrang is a ﬁshing gear

that is active with operations carried out at the bottom

of the waters. Not only that, ﬁsh which is a commod-

ity that has perish ability requires a means to reduce

the rate of damage and deterioration of ﬁsh quality.

Therefore, the means that must be available in the

Indonesian ﬁshing industry is a place for storing ﬁsh

in the form of cold storage that serves to preserve ﬁsh

so that freshness and quality are guaranteed, and also

facilitate the distribution of ﬁsh to consumers. In In-

donesia, the spread of cold storage is uneven and only

concentrated in Java. The amount of electricity needs

is an important problem in the development of cold

storage. By looking at the energy potential of Indone-

sia’s ocean currents reaching 5 m/s in the Capalulu

Mubarok, M., Gurning, R. and Zaman, M.

Utilization of Arafura’s Ocean Current Potential using Gorlov Helical Turbine as an Energy Source for Cold Storage Platforms and Fuel Distribution in Overcoming Fisheries Logistics Problems

in Eastern.

DOI: 10.5220/0008548701950200

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA 2018), pages 195-200

ISBN: 978-989-758-436-7

195

Strait, North Maluku, and reaching 3 m/s in the wa-

ters of Nusa Tenggara (Lubis, 2016) and from various

problems, a solution is created, an independent plat-

form that utilizes the potential of ocean current energy

as a cold storage power source, and utilizes a semi-

submersible system for the distribution of ship fuel in

Eastern Indonesia. In this study the authors used a

research method that is a simulation method.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Indonesia has a lot of energy resources. As for the po-

tentials energy, the greatest potential is in the marine

sector. From the table can be concluded the theoreti-

cal potential of ocean energy is very large (Nyuswan-

toro, 2012). But only a little for its technical potential,

this is due to limited technology that is insufﬁcient to

develop this ocean energy. In addition to the techno-

logical limitations that are still less developed, there

is no concrete solution from the government to maxi-

mize the potential of energy source from ocean sector

(LIPI, 2017). According to the World Energy Coun-

cil (WEC) trends in Europe are beginning to switch

to alternative energy using wind turbines (Wang et al.,

2017), and it will be predicted by 2050 that most of

Europe has already turned to alternative energy using

turbine (Kumar and Saini, 2015).

The government has actually mapped potential

areas for energy development in the marine sec-

tor. The map covers potential areas for the develop-

ment of ocean currents, sea breezes and ocean waves

(Hardisty, 2017). The area covers most of eastern In-

donesia, which we know that eastern Indonesia still

has a low electriﬁcation ratio of less than 40% (Min-

istry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2016). Actu-

ally, the government has started to develop by creat-

ing a prototype renewable energy implemented by Re-

search and Technology Centre (BPPT) (LIPI, 2017).

One of them is by installing the ocean currents energy

under the Suramadu bridge and on one of the beaches

in Yogyakarta. Both prototypes are Oscillating Wave

Column (OWC).

However, this solution is considered less because

the powerplant system is only utilizing the tidal en-

ergy of ocean waves. Therefore, we make a proposal

by helix turbine. It is expected that with our new idea

will be more effective in exploiting the energy poten-

tial from the marine sector. And hope is as a solu-

tion to handle the energy crisis in Indonesia and to

state the development in Indonesia. This is because

to grow up the regional economy must have infras-

tructure, including the most important is the availabil-

ity of electricity (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Re-

Figure 1: Fisheries Distribution in Arafura Sea

Figure 2: Design Platform

sources, 2014).

3 DISCUSSION

3.1 Potential Application Selection Area

Based on the results of the location survey that the

author has reviewed, a suitable location is found to

lay the platform, namely the waters of the Arafura

Sea between Australia and Papua Island in the Paciﬁc

Ocean. The Arafura Sea has an average sea ﬂow ve-

locity of 2 m/s (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Re-

sources, 2014). The map of Arafura sea as shown in

Figure 1.

3.2 Design Platform Analysis

This platform is designed with 40 m x 40 m with

height of platform 6 m. with volume ballast that can

be replaced to bunker of fuel for ﬁsherman ship is

1585.60 ton.

Gorlov Helical Turbine is very suitable to be ap-

plied to straits in Indonesia. This is due to Gorlov

Helical Turbine characteristics that are able to oper-

ate with very low sea current velocities of below 2.5

m/s and produce about 4 MW of energy. Helix Tur-

SENTA 2018 - The 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology

196

Figure 3: Gorlov Turbine Under Platform

Figure 4: Five Dock in Platform

bine also examined the characteristics of the foil. The

research was carried out using various turbine mod-

els with different foil angles. The results showed that

the angle of foil has an effect on turbine efﬁciency.

When the angle δ = 135

◦

, the turbine shows the best

efﬁciency. With an angle of 135

◦

, so the efﬁciency

increases to 54%. So, the best turbine design is the

Helix Turbine with 135

◦

foil angle (Akimoto et al.,

2013). The ﬁgure of gorlov helical turbine as shown

in Figure 3.

There are ﬁve docks that can accommodate 10

vessels measuring 20 gt, 5 ships measuring 40 gt, 3

vessels measuring 40 gt, and 1 vessel measuring 100

gt. The ﬁgure of dock as shown in Figure 4.

One cargo ship with a capacity of 100 gt will be

used to distribute ﬁsh in cold storage to land. Delivery

is done every three days. The ﬁgure of cargo ship as

shown in Figure 5.

At each pier there is a refueling vessel that can ﬁll

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO).

The ﬁgure of Refueling Component for Fishing Ship

Figure 5: One Cargo Ship That Can Deliver to Dobo

Figure 6: Refuiling Component for Fishing Ship

Figure 7: Semi - Submersible Platform

as shown in ﬁgure 6.

The platform structure is made with the concept of

semi-submersible which is equipped with anchor that

is lunged under the sea. This is so that the platform

can be easily moved from one place to another. The

ﬁgure of Semi - Submersible Platform as shown in

Figure 7.

There are eight cold storage units with the re-

quired total power capacity of 300 kW. This cold stor-

age has a capacity of 10 tons each with details of two

cold storage for shrimp, three cold storage for tuna

ﬁsh, and three cold storage for skip-jack ﬁsh. The ﬁg-

ure of cold storage unit as shown in Figure 8.

3.3 Gorlov Helical Turbine Analysis

The following will show the Gorlov Helical Turbine

simulation calculation with the speciﬁed speciﬁca-

tions for Platform that will be placed in the Arafura

Sea which has an average ocean current velocity of 2

m/s.

This turbine was chosen because of its charac-

teristics which are able to operate with a speed of

ocean currents below 2.5 m/s. Gorlov Helical Tur-

bine also analyzed the characteristics of the foil. The

research was carried out using various turbine mod-

Figure 8: Cold Storage Unit

Utilization of Arafura’s Ocean Current Potential using Gorlov Helical Turbine as an Energy Source for Cold Storage Platforms and Fuel

Distribution in Overcoming Fisheries Logistics Problems in Eastern

197

Figure 9: Gorlov Helical Turbine with 135

◦

foil (Akimoto

et al., 2013)

els with different foil angles. The results showed

that the angle of foil has an effect on turbine efﬁ-

ciency. When the angle δ = 135

◦

, the turbine shows

the best efﬁciency. With an angle of 135

◦

, so the ef-

ﬁciency increases to 54%. So, the best turbine de-

sign is Gorlov Helical Turbine with 135

◦

foil corners

(Pongduang et al., 2015). The ﬁgure of gorlov helical

turbine with 135

◦

as shown in Figure 9.

Gorlov Helical Turbine will be installed in the

center, center of the generating platform. Gorlov He-

lical Turbine installed in this power plant has inno-

vations, namely the ball bearing system on its axis

which makes the turbine can move more freely in all

directions, so that it can receive ocean current energy

from various directions. This makes the energy of

ocean currents that can be used more.

From the results and calculations on the genera-

tor and gearbox, the total power produced by Gorlov

Helical Turbine is 4866.66667 kW. The ﬁgure of CFD

Table 1: Calculations of Available Fuel volume

Volume Bunker 40x40x1m 1,600m

Density 0.991 ton/m

Capacity of Bunker 1,600m

x0.991 1,585.6ton

Figure 10: CFD Results for Selected Turbine

turbine with 135

◦

as shown in Figure 10. From the cal-

culation of the electricity distribution, the total power

produced by Gorlov Helical Turbine is 4866.67 kW

while the electricity demand for 1 cold storage is 300

kW, so that the energy produced can meet the needs

of up to 16 cold storage units but on this platform, the

energy is utilized to meet the needs of 8 cold storage

units in accordance with the potential of ﬁsh in the

waters of the Arafura Sea.

3.4 Fuel Calculation Analysis for

Fishing Vessels

Table 1-3 will show the calculation of the fuel planned

to be distributed on ﬁshing ship in Eastern Indonesia.

Table 2: Fuel Tank Capacity of Each Ship

No Ship Dimension Tank Capacity Fuel Mass

1 100 GT 200 0,1982 ton

2 40 GT 90 0,0892 ton

3 20 GT 40 0,0396 ton

From the calculations, the fuel on the platform

with a capacity of 1,585 tons can be distributed to

three types of vessels each day that sail in the Ara-

Table 3: Total Capacity of Ship Tanks in a Day

Dimension Amount Capacity Endurance

100 GT 50 Unit 10.000

Total platform

capacity

Fuel

consumptions

of ﬁsh ships

40 GT 70 Unit 6.300

20 GT 100 Unit 4.000

Amount 20.300 79 Days

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198

Figure 11: Flow of Fuel Distribution from Land to Platform

Figure 12: Fuel Distribution Flow from the Platform to the

Fishing Ship

fura sea as many as 50 ships measuring 100 GT, 70

ships measuring 40 GT, and 100 vessels measuring

20 GT with each each tank is 200 l, 90 l, and 40 l. So

this platform can supply fuel needs in the Arafura sea

waters within 79 days.

3.5 Fuel Filling System for Fishing Ship

The ship refueling system is applied to the platform.

Fuel on land will be transferred to the Oil Tanker ves-

sel via a hose connection on the right and left sides

of the vessel connected to the main ﬁlling pipe. Fur-

thermore, when the Oil Tanker ships arrive at the plat-

form, the manifold is transferred to the fuel pipe to the

tail pipe to each storage tank. On the platform, semi

submersible construction serves as a storage tank.

Furthermore, the fuel in the storage tank will be

processed with the following stages:

• Fuel from storage tanks will be transferred to set-

tling tanks. Settling tanks are tanks that are de-

signed to precipitate dirt and water that are carried

away by fuel. The settling tank capacity is de-

signed to be able to supply minimum fuel for 24

hours of engine operation when the settling tank

is fully charged.;

• Furthermore, speciﬁcally for heavy fuel oil will be

channeled to the centrifuges to produce clean fuel.

The clean fuel will be distributed to the Service

Tank, while the water will be accommodated in

the Sludge Tank.;

• Service Tank Serves to supply fuel to the ﬁshing

ship engine.

4 CONCLUSIONS

4.1 Conclusions

Based on the problems and objectives of this study,

some conclusions were obtained to answer the formu-

lation of the problem in this paper, there are :

• This Platform is designed using Gorlov Helical

Turbine as a cold storage electric power source

with a capacity of 80 tons. In addition, is built

with semi submersible construction that can ac-

commodate ship fuel supply.;

• This Platform can be used as a solution to over-

come the lack of infrastructure in the form of

scarcity of cold storage in eastern Indonesia. We

utilize gorlov helical turbines to utilize the en-

ergy potential of ocean currents in the target area,

namely the Arafura sea which reaches 2 m/s. With

the simulation method using solid works ﬂow

simulation, we get a power of 4.8 Mw. This en-

ergy output is sufﬁcient to meet the power require-

ments for using 80 tons of cold storage.;

• This Platform can overcome the problem of fuel

distribution for ﬁshermen in eastern Indonesia.

This platform is able to accommodate a fuel vol-

ume of 1585 tons, with the assumption that the

ships that sail in the Arafura sea waters as many

as 50 vessels measuring 100 GT, 70 vessels mea-

suring 40 GT, and 100 vessels measuring 20 GT

with each tank of 200 l, 90 l and 40 l. So this

platform can supply fuel needs in the Arafura sea

waters within 79 days.;

4.2 Suggestions

The number of ﬁshermen in eastern Indonesia pre-

cisely in the Arafura sea waters has enormous poten-

tial but there are still many obstacles in the form of

cold storage and distribution of fuel. So, we should be

able to solve the problems faced by ﬁshermen. With

the completion of the existing logistical problems of

ﬁshermen, the utilization of potential in eastern In-

donesia is more optimal.

Utilization of Arafura’s Ocean Current Potential using Gorlov Helical Turbine as an Energy Source for Cold Storage Platforms and Fuel

Distribution in Overcoming Fisheries Logistics Problems in Eastern

199

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