The Relathionship of Adolescent Knowledge about Hiv/Aids to

Premarital Sexual Behavior in Vocational School, in Papua,

Indonesia

Yunita Kristina

Korinus Suweni

, Reka Selviyah Devi

1,3

Undergraduate of Nursing Program Cenderawasih University, Papua, Indonesia

Nursing Diploma Program, Health Politechnic of Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia

Keywords: Knowledge, HIV/AIDS, Premarital Sexual Behavior.

Abstract: Cumulative data from the Papua AIDS Commission as of December 2015 recorded 6188 HIV positive

cases and 9862 AIDS cases with a total of 16,050 cases in Papua Province. Based on these data 9.9% (1,584

cases) of adolescents in Papua have been infected with HIV/AIDS. This form of behavior can vary, from

feeling attracted to dating behavior, making out, and having sex. This study aims to determine the

relationship of adolescent’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS to premarital sexual behavior at SMK Negeri 3

Jayapura. This study uses a quantitative research method with a descriptive correlative research design that

aims to determine the relationship between variables. The approach used in this study is cross sectional. The

number of samples is 92 students. The study was conducted at SMK Negeri 3 Jayapura and was held in May

2017. Adolescent knowledge about good HIV/AIDS is 43 people (46.7%) and 49 people (53.3%) lack

knowledge. Teenagers who do not have premarital sexual intercourse are 50 people (54.3%) and 42 people

(45.7%) have premarital sex. There is no relationship between knowledge of HIV AIDS and premarital

sexual behavior, as evidenced by the results of the study p-value = 0.494.

1 INTRODUCTION

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a

collection of symptoms of a disease that attacks the

human immune system. HIV (Human

Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that damages the

immune system. This disease is characterized by the

emergence of various infectious diseases, bacteria,

fungi, parasites, and certain viruses that are

opportunistic or malignant.

Nearly 30% of the Indonesian population is in

the age group 10-24 years. Teenagers in their teens

have an important role in the response to HIV/AIDS.

The fact that 57.8% of AIDS cases that occurred in

2006 involved teenagers and young people aged 15-

29 significantly showed that this group was

vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. However, they are not a

specific key population. These adolescents and

young people are groups that must be specific

targets of extensive education and campaigns so that

group members must be members of high risk

behavior subpopulations. Besides that premature and

high-frequency sexual behavior increases the risk of

HIV/AIDS infection.

According to the Central National Family

Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN Pusat) data,

the results of a recent institutional survey conducted

in 33 provinces in 2008 for junior and senior high

school age youth, 63% of teenagers claimed to have

had sex before marriage and 21% had an abortion.

Based on research data from 2005-2006 in big cities

starting from Jabotabek, Medan, Jakarta, Bandung,

Surabaya, and Makassar, there were still 47.54% of

teenagers claiming to have sexual relations before

marriage. The proportion of teenagers who had

premarital sexual relationship were higher compared

to previous years.

Cumulative data from the Papua AIDS

Commission (KPA) as of December 2015 recorded

6188 HIV positive cases and 9862 AIDS cases with

a total of 16,050 cases in Papua Province. Based on

these data 9.9% (1,584 cases) of adolescents in

Papua have been infected with HIV/AIDS.

Based on the results of interviews conducted on

6 students at SMK Negeri 3 Jayapura, the results

showed that there were 2 students who said that their

friends had had premarital sexual relations and 4 of

them did not know about HIV/AIDS. This study was

Kristina, Y., Suweni, K. and Devi, R.

The Relationship of Adolescent Knowledge about HIV/AIDS to Premarital Sexual Behavior in Vocational School in Papua, Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0008394800002442

In Proceedings of the Aceh International Nursing Conference (AINC 2018), pages 81-85

ISBN: 978-989-758-413-8

supported by Yuliantini's research with the results of

the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS in "X" high

school students in East Jakarta. The difference in

frequency of knowledge level was not too large,

namely students with good knowledge 52.10% and

students with poor knowledge 47.90%. Whereas in

the attitude of adolescents towards sexual behavior

in the result is 63.5% of respondents do not support

premarital sexual behavior and 36.5% of

respondents support premarital sexual behavior.

Based on the description above, researchers are

interested in examining the relationship of

adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS to

premarital sex.

2 METHODS

Type of research is a descriptive correlation design

with cross-sectional study, i.e. a variable measured

(at the same time at one time approach) i.e.

adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS to

premarital sexual behavior in SMK Negeri 3

Jayapura. The total population in SMK Negeri 3

Jayapura was 1036 students. The sample is a portion

of a population that is considered representative to

represent the population. The numbers of as many as

92students were obtained by means of random

sampling techniques.

3 FINDINGS

3.1 Characteristics of Respondent

Table 1 shows that most of respondents are 17 years

old (56,5%), Male (94,6%), and identified as

Christian Protestant (52,3%).

3.2 Information about HIV/AIDS

Table 2 shows that most of the respondents have

received information about HIV/AIDS (53,3%).

3.3 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS

The knowledge of respondents about HIV/AIDS is

shown in Table 2. Most of respondents reported had

less knowledge about HIV/AIDS (53,3%).

Table 1. Distribution of respondents based on age, gender, and religion (n=92).

Characteristic f %

Age

15 years old

16 years old

17 years old

18 years old

1,1

27,2

56,5

15,2

Sex

Male

Female

94,6

5,4

Religion

Islam

Christian Protestant

Catholic Christian

Hindu

Buddha

44,6

52,3

2,1

1,1

Table 2. Frequency Distribution of Student at SMK Negeri 3 Jayapura (n= 92).

f %

Information

Ever 49 53,3

Never Yet 43 46,7

Knowledge

Well 43 46,7

Less 49 53,3

Behaviours

Well 50 54,3

Less 42 45,7

AINC 2018 - Aceh International Nursing Conference

Table 3: Relationship between Youth Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and Premarital Sexual.

Knowledge

Premarital Sexual Behavior

p-value 95% CI

Well Less

N % n %

Well

Less

58,1

51,0

41,9

49,0

0,318

1.008

(0.772-1.315)

3.4 Premarital Sexual Behavior

Table 2 shows that most of respondents’ premarital

sexual behaviors were considered good (54,3%).

3.5 The Relationship of Youth

Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and

Premarital Sexual Behavior at

SMK Negeri 3 Jayapura

Table 3 shows that respondents who have good

knowledge and good behavior 25 people (58.1%),

lack of knowledge and behavior less 24 people

(49.0%), good knowledge and behavior less 18

people (41.9%), but there are also the lack of

knowledge and good behavior of 25 people (51.0%).

The chi square test results obtained the value of ρ =

0.494 > 0,05, which means that there is no

relationship of public knowledge about HIV/AIDS

with their premarital sexual behavior.

4 DISCUSSIONS

Based on the predetermined scoring results using 15

statements to measure respondents 'knowledge, it

was found that respondents knowledge about

HIV/AIDS was generally lacking, where

respondents with good knowledge as many as 43

people (46.7%) and respondents with less

knowledge of 49 people (53.3%). Most of the

respondents with less knowledge, have already

received information about HIV/AIDS, this happens

because the information obtained from both formal

and non-formal education has not been able to give a

short-term influence in changing knowledge.

According to Notoatmodjo in Putri (2012),

experience as a source of knowledge is a way to

obtain the truth of knowledge gained by solving

problems faced. The learning experience will be able

to develop the ability to make decisions that are

manifestations of integration, scientifically and

ethically reasoning that originate from real problems

in the field of work. Socio-culture will also

determine knowledge because it is a habit and

tradition that people do without going through

reasoning whether what is done is good or bad. Thus

a person will increase his knowledge even if he does

not. A person's economic status will also determine

the availability of a facility that is needed for certain

activities, so that this socio-economic status will

affect one's knowledge. The environment influences

the process of entry of knowledge into individuals in

the environment. This happens because of reciprocal

or not interactions that will be responded to as

knowledge by each individual.

This is also supported by research conducted by

Yuliantini at "X" High School in East Jakarta, where

the results showed that respondents who had good

knowledge level were 50 people (52.1%) and 46

people who had less knowledge (47, 9%). Thus the

knowledge of adolescents will further increase if

adolescents are exposed continuously with

information about HIV/AIDS both through formal

education and information media.

Research on premarital sexual behavior

conducted in state vocational schools. Sexual

behavior is all behavior driven by sexual desire, both

with the opposite sex or with the same sex. From the

results of this study found that most respondents

have good behavior towards premarital sex as many

as 50 people (54.3%). This means that respondents

show that there is a tendency to stay away from,

avoid, hate or dislike premarital sexual behavior.

There were 42 people (45.7%) who had less sexual

behavior. This situation can occur due to factors that

influence behavior.

Unwittingly cultural influences have instilled

behaviors on various problems, cultural influences

where individuals live and are raised have a great

influence, for example among teenagers if they do

not have a girlfriend, they are declared not slang, so

this is a culture among teenagers to have a

boyfriend. The mass media as a means of

communication has a major influence on the

formation and trust of individuals. Educational

institutions and religious institutions, in both

The Relationship of Adolescent Knowledge about HIV/AIDS to Premarital Sexual Behavior in Vocational School in Papua, Indonesia

institutions, lay the foundation for understanding and

moral concepts in individuals. Emotional factor is a

form of attitude in the form of an emotionally based

statement that serves as a channel for frustration or

the transfer of the ego defense mechanism.

This research was supported by research

conducted by Hadi, et al in 2012 with the title of the

study "The Relationship Between the Level of

Knowledge About HIV/AIDS and the Premarital

Sexual Attitudes of Adolescents in SMK Negeri 4

Manado" where the results showed that 56.6% of

respondents who had positive attitude and 20.5% of

respondents have a negative attitude towards

premarital sex.

In detail premarital sexual behavior is as follows:

54.3% stated that I was forced to have sexual

relations, using condoms according to my

boyfriend's sexual desires, because if not then my

boyfriend would have sexual relations with other

people, 41.3% of vocational students/High school

doing sexual masturbation, 34.8% of vocational/high

school students doing sexual activities such as

holding hands, kissing on the lips, and kissing on the

neck except for sexual intercourse, 33.7% of social

respondents need to change boyfriends, 28,3% of

vocational / high school students have sexual

relations before marriage if they love each other.

This is due to the lack of attention of parents to

adolescents and lack of youth participation in

religious activities so that teenagers have less sexual

behavior. According to Sarwono in Larasati (2012),

factors that cause sexual behavior in adolescents

include, hormonal changes that increase sexual

desire (sexual libido) of adolescents, delay in

marriage, taboo/prohibition in society to conduct

sexual behavior before marriage, lack of information

obtained by teenagers about sexuality and related

matters in it, increasingly free association.

Based on table 5, shows that there is no

relationship between knowledge of HIV/AIDS and

premarital sexual behavior is evident from the

results of the study p-value = 0.494. The results of

this study indicate that good knowledge and good

behavior 25 people (58.1%), lack of knowledge and

behavior less 24 people (49.0%), good knowledge

and behavior less 18 people (41.9%), but there are

also the lack of knowledge and good behavior of 25

people (58.1%). The chi square test results obtained

the value of ρ = 0.494 > 0,05, so declare Ha

accepted, which means that there is not a

relationship of public knowledge about HIV/AIDS

against Premarital Sexual Behavior depends on the

value of RP =1.008 who interpreted respondents

who have knowledge of less premarital sexual

behaviors less of 1.008 times greater compared to

responden who have good knowledge.

This contrasts with Notoadmodjo's theory that

good knowledge creates good behaviour. This

happens because the information obtained from both

formal and non-formal education can have a short-

term effect, resulting in changes in knowledge.

This study also proves that good knowledge

about HIV/AIDS is not the only factor that shapes

positive adolescent premarital sexual behavior,

because respondents who have good knowledge

about HIV/AIDS but still have negative premarital

sexual behavior. According to Azwar in Hadi, et al,

2012 which influences behavior including culture,

mass media, and emotional factors in individuals. As

for other factors that influence, adolescents are more

likely to be influenced by peers, which is the most

important aspect of their lives. Information about

sexual relations obtained from peers gives a lot of

encouragement to determine the behavior of

adolescents in interacting with the opposite sex or

spouse.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Knowledge of adolescents at SMK Negeri 3

Jayapura about HIV/AIDS showed that 43 people

(46.7%) were well-informed and 49 people (53.3%)

had less knowledge. Premarital sexual behavior at

SMK Negeri 3 Jayapura shows that 50 people

(54.3%) behaved well and 42 people (45.3%)

behaved less. There is no relationship between

knowledge of HIV/AIDS and premarital sexual

behavior, as evidenced by the results of the study p-

value = 0.494.

There were some suggestion for students should

seek more information about HIV/AIDS and involve

themselves in religious activities, as well as school

extracurricular activities such as scouts, the Youth

Red Cross, student organizations, and other positive

activities so that they are not easily involved in

premarital sexual behavior. For Schools, in order to

increase the delivery of material about HIV/AIDS

and premarital sexual behavior and to hold religious

activities to increase the students' piety.

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The Relationship of Adolescent Knowledge about HIV/AIDS to Premarital Sexual Behavior in Vocational School in Papua, Indonesia