The Comparison between the Effectiveness of Reciting Al-Qur’an and

Singing toward the Value of the Peak of Expiratory Flow Rate

Ita Yuanita

Nursing Department of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Kertamukti Street. South Tangerang, Indonesia

Key Words: The peak of expiratory flow rate or (PEFR), Singing, Reciting Qur’an.

Abstract: Several research revealed that there was an influence on asthma gymnastics toward the control of asthma.

The peak of expiratory flow rate or (PEFR) has been regarded as one of the investigations to assess patients’

asthma condition. The activity of both singing and reciting Qur’an possesses the same principle to control

expiratory. The objective of the study was to know the comparison of the effectiveness between singing and

reciting Qur’an toward the value of the peak of expiratory flow rate (PEFR). This study used a quasi-

experimental design involving both pre-test and post-test on two groups. Data collection was gathered from

two places which firstly from the choir in the university and secondly at Islamic boarding school in South

Tangerang. The sample of the study consists of 20 people from each group. The statistical experiment used

Mann-Whitney statistical experiment. The result of the study revealed that there was a significant influence

on reciting Qur’an (p<0,05) and singing (p=0,186) toward the value of PEFR. There was a significant

difference with the average on the value of PEFR between reciting Qur’an’s intervention and singing’s

intervention as amounted to (p=0,001). Conclusion: Reciting Qur’an is better to enhance PEFR’s value

instead of singing. Recommendation: reciting Qur’an can be a nursing’s intervention to ream airway.

1 INTRODUCTION

Asthma is the one of non infectious disease which

still concerned by all nations in the world.

According to WHO estimates, 235 million people

suffer from asthma. Asthma is the most common

chronic disease among children. The prevalence of

asthma ranks the highest (4.5%) of non-

communicable diseases in Indonesia. The prevalence

of asthma in adolescents aged 15-24 years (5.7

0/00

)

ranks second in all age groups. Asthma patients

living in urban and rural areas are as many

(Kementrian Kesehatan, 2013).

Asthma can interfere the quality of life. The

recurrence of asthma or uncontrolled asthma causes

the quality of life disruption (Nalina, 2015; Global

Initiative for Asthma, 2015; Australian Asthma for

Monitoring, 2004). As the symptoms revealed either

shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing, the

patients are insufficient of sleep or possess the

disrupted daily activities (Global Initiative for

Asthma, 2015).

Non Pharmacology handling includes education

and physical training and breathing. Gymnastics

asthma is one of the means to train respiratory

muscles. Adult patients with asthma who did

gymnastics asthma over the past month could

improve the quality of life and control the

emergence of the symptoms of asthma (Thomas,

2009). The core exercises of the A core movements

on asthma gymnastic is to enable longer expiratory

instead of inspiratory. Exercises on asthma

gymnastic had affected on PEFR (Antoro, 2014)

The peak of expiratory flow rate or PEFR is the

highest point that can be achieved at the maximum

expiratory, in which it reflects the onset of changes

in the size of the airway to be large (Potter & Perry,

2005). The measurement of the PEFR can be done

by using a peak flow meter. PEFR Examination aims

to describe the condition of the airway caliber

especially he larger caliber. If the value of the PEFR

decreased, meaning that there is airflow hindrance in

the expiratory air flow in respiratory tract.

There were a few previous research shows the

effect of Reciting Qur’an on PEFR. Reciting the

Qur'an for 20 minutes can increase PEFR (Yuanita

et.al., 2017; Mubarok Z. & Yuanita, 2010). The

sample of that study were asthma patient and

member of exercise breathing.

Yuanita, I.

The Comparison between the Effectiveness of Reciting Al-Qur’an and Singing toward the Value of the Peak of Expiratory Flow Rate.

DOI: 10.5220/0008394000002442

In Proceedings of the Aceh International Nursing Conference (AINC 2018), pages 16-20

ISBN: 978-989-758-413-8

The activities that require breath include singing

and reciting Qur'an. Processing breath on either

singing or reciting Qur'an will be different instead of

doing the regular activities. The rapid movement of

breath in a great number and remove it slowly are in

accordance with the rhythm in which it can train

efficiency, enable better breathing control as well as

enable the airway to be more flexible (Saud, 2010).

According to those issues, this research, therefore,

needs to be conducted to respond to which the

activities more effective, either reading Quran or

singing that increases PEFR.

2 METHODS

This study employed a quantitative approach with

quasi-experimental design involving pre & post on 2

groups. The two groups carried out different

treatment involving one group on preferential

treatment of reciting Qur’an and another group on

preferential treatment of singing choir. The

frequency and length treatment for each group were

60 minutes.

The study was conducted at 2 locations, one was

at University and another one was at boarding

schools of Qur'an (Pesantren) in Tangerang Selatan.

The research conducted in March 2017 with

involving research sample of 20 people in the choir

members at University and the other 20 people were

the members of training at Pesantren Qur'an. The

sample was selected based on age (18-22 years old),

length of training as well as the history of smoking

intake.

The respondents would be measured PEFR

before and after were receiving intervention. Each

group would be given preferential treatment by as

much as one meeting for 60 minutes. PEFR will be

measured again after the participants got the

treatment and take a rest for ±10 menit.

The study used the instruments including

questionnaire sheet contained demographic data,

peak flow meters, alcohol 70%, stature meters as

well as digital scales. Demographic questionnaires

were filled out before the respondents doing

exercises, then researchers perform measurements of

height and weight of the respondents. The

measurement of PEFR is done when the respondent

finished performing the exercise. The measurement

was done by as much as 3 times continuously and

the highest value of the PEFR would be taken

(Adeniyi, &Erhabor, 2011).

3 FINDINGS

3.1 The Respondents’ Characteristics

The characteristics of the participants in research

(table 1) include: the average age of the respondent

group was 19, 80 years and the average age of

respondents of qoriah group was 18.45 years; the

average height of the respondents on a group of

singers was 155.90 cm with a standard deviation of

6.57, whereas in the Group qoriah is 153.88 cm with

a standard deviation of 4.21. Moreover, the average

weight of respondents on a group of singers was

55.30 kg while in the Group qoriah was 49.94 kg.

The group of singer had an average IMT 23.04 while

qoriah 21.34.

The average of the length practice on a group of

singers in one week was 558 minutes with a standard

deviation of 164.144, while the average of the length

exercise on the qoriah group was 273 seconds with

standard deviation 84.237.

The frequency of exercises conducted by the

singer was less than qoriah, whereas the length of

the of the exercise intensity performed by a singer

was larger than qoriah (table 1).

3.2 The Effectiveness of Singing on

PEFR Values

According to the data normality test result, it was

found that the distribution of data of the mean of

PEFR values pre and post singing’s intervention was

normal (Shapiro Wilk test p > 0.05), therefore, the

hypothesis test used Paired T test.

Mean score of PEFR in choir group are pre 313,5

L/minutes and post 330L/minutes. This study has

found that singing was not significant effect on

PEFR values (p values>0,05). the results can be seen

at table 1.

3.3 The Effectiveness of Reciting

Qur’an on PEFR Values

According to the data normality test result, it was

found that the distribution of data of the mean of

PEFR’s values pre and post reciting Qur’an

intervention was normal (Shapiro Wilk test p >

0.05), therefore, the hypothesis test used Paired t

test. Mean score of PEFR in Qori group are pre

313,5 L/minutes and post 330L/minutes. This study

has found that reciting Qur’an was significant effect

on PEFR values (p values<0,05). the results can be

seen at table 2.

The Comparison between the Effectiveness of Reciting Al-Qur’an and Singing toward the Value of the Peak of Expiratory Flow Rate

Table 1: The Distribution Of Respondents According To The Age, Height, Weight and exercise time.

Characteristics Group Mean Min-Max SD

Age Singer 19,80 18-22 1,005

Qoriah 18,45 15-22 2,935

Height Singer 155,90 143-166 6,58

Qoriah 153,88 146-162 4,22

Weight Singer 55,30 43-81 11,45

Qoriah 49,94 35-69 8,54

The Duration of Exercise

Singer 558 360-720 164,15

Qoriah 273 120-450 84,24

Table 2: Analysis of the effectiveness of singing and reciting Qur’an on PEFR values.

Intervention Mean SD P value

Singing Pre

313, 5 L/minutes

(200 – 410 L/ minutes

56,5 L/menit

P = 0,186

Post 330 L/menit

(200-410L/menit)

57,7 L/menit

Reciting Qur’an Pre

332 5 L/minutes

(250 – 450 L/ minutes

58,74 L/menit

P = 0,0001

Post 371 L/menit

(290-510L/menit)

60,4 L/menit

Table. 3: The analysis of the comparison of the differences of PEFR’s mean values between Singing and Reciting Qur’an.

Intervention Group Mean Differences

(Min-Max)

Standard deviation

(SD)

P Value

Reciting Qur’an

38,5 L/minutes

(10-70 L/minutes)

16,5 L/minutes

P = 0,001

Singing

27,5 L/minutes

(-50-200 L/minutes)

40,9 L/minutes

3.4 The Comparison of the Differences

of PEFR’s Mean Values between

Singing and Reciting Qur’an (pre

& post intervention)

According to the data normality test result, it was

found that the distribution of data of the mean of

values of the difference between choir and Qori was

not normal (Shapiro Wilk test p < 0.001), therefore,

the hypothesis test used Mann Whitney. The results

can be seen at table 3.

The teenagers who get the treatment of reciting

Qur’an (35 L/min) showed the average of PEFR

values higher than the treatment of singing group

(Mean of 5 L/min). Hence, it was also found that

there was a significant difference on the average

value of PEFR on the group who recite Qur'an with

singing groups (p = 0.001). Therefore, it can be

inferred that reciting Qur’an with tartil is able to

increase the value of the PEFR instead of singing.

4 DISCUSSION

There were limited research and references which

investigated PEFR and breathing exercise or singing.

However We can explain by some study may

relevance to our research Some factor can affect on

PEFR. According to Mishra J, Mishra S., Satphaty

S, Manjareeka S.; (2013) and studied that Height

and weight can interfere PEFR, as this study showed

most of respondent had almost same mean height

and weight.

When performing the exercise, the amount of

oxygen in the blood that enters the lungs will

increase due to the increased amount of oxygen in

each unit of blood per minute and blood flow that

enters the lungs increases. PO

of oxygen in the

blood to the lung capillaries decreases from 40 to 25

mmHg, PO

so that the gradient in the alveolar

capillary-rise and the oxygen gets into the blood in

great amount. Blood flow per minute increases from

5.5 L/min into 20-35 L/min. The amount of O

AINC 2018 - Aceh International Nursing Conference

which enters the blood increased from 250 ml/min

into 4000 ml/minute. The amount of CO

that was

moved from every unit of blood increases, the

excretion of CO

increased from 200 ml/min into

8000 ml/minute. The increase of O

is in proportion

to the workload so that it can be maximum (Barrett

et. al 2012).

This theory is in accordance with the research

conducted by Sahat (2011) which explained that

gymnastics asthma continually applied during 8

weeks where a week involving three times

gymnastics can improve the lung function up to

11.9%.

Singer in the Gita Sasmita Choir in singing

exercises has been divided into several part of

activities. Firstly, it consists of warming up or

stretching the muscles involving the head, hands and

feet. This warming is done more or less in 15-20

seconds. Next, it consists of the process of taking a

tone on each type of sound. The breathing

techniques used is diaphragmatic breathing. The

position of the body at the exercise is standing. After

the tone of each kind of sound obtained, then singing

exercise is started. The number of songs sung in

each exercise range between 4-6 songs with different

genres.

Another thing that must be mastered by the

qori/qoriah is articulation. Articulation or

pronunciation in reciting Qur'an is also important to

produce the perfect sound. In addition, qori/qoriah

should also understand the makhorijul alphabet. they

are places discharge letters at the time the letter is

emitted. Reciting Qur'an is required to sound the

letters in accordance with makhraj, because if there

are errors in pronouncing the letter, then it will give

a different meaning (Suwarno, 2016).

The singer's body position at exercise time is the

standing body position, while qoriah is seated,

however, the average value of the PEFR of qoriah

group was higher than the singer group. However,

the research was not in line with the previous theory.

The increase of pressure due to gravity affects the

volume of effective blood circulation in several

ways. First of all, the increased hydrostatic pressure

that occurs in the foot when someone stands will

push out vein walls thus it causes distention, in

consequence, his/her blood clotted in the vein

vessels. Some of the blood that comes from the

capillaries will go into the venous vessels is wider

rather than it comes back to the heart. At the same

time, the increased capillary pressure caused by the

force of gravity causes the increased filtration of

fluids from the capillaries into the interstitial space.

Since the blood clotted in a vein and capillary

filtration enhancement, they will reduce the volume

of effective blood circulation. Whereas, in the sitting

position, the center of gravity is at the anterior part

of ischia and around 25% of the body weight is

transmitted down through the lower extremity so

that the parts of body are in a relax condition

(Manembu, Rumampuk, Danes & 2015).

This study showed singing had no impact to

PEFR, it was opposite to other research. As a

research conducted by Price K, Scharzt P., Watson

A.H (2014) explained that the value of the Force

Expiration Volume (FEV) is lower in sitting position

rather than in Standing positions. In another research

found sitting and standing position had no impact to

PEF (McCoy et.al, 2010). This happens because

physical activity is more frequently performed on

standing position. The diaphragm will go down

when the body is at a standing position so that the

capacity of the thoracic cavity increases. Whereas,

when the body thoroughly lies, the abdomen presses

the diaphragm so that it is resulted a decrease of

thoracic capacity. When standing abdominal wall

needs to resolve the tension in order to push the

diaphragm to raise as that is why the activity of the

abdominal muscles bigger (although the abdominal

circumference is lower) than sitting (k. Price,

Schartz, & Watson, 2014)

The hypothesis that can be inferred by the

researcher was the existence of significant difference

between the average value of PEFR of both singer

and qoriah where the qoriah’s PEFR is higher than

singer is because there are several conditions that

must be obeyed by a qoriah in reciting Qur'an which

is different from a singer. Qoriah has to master the

science of recitation as if only beautifying the

sounds of reciting Qur'an but ignoring tajwid then

reciting it will be

haram or illegitimate (Tamrin,

2016). In addition, each letter of Qur'an reading

should be in accordance with makhorijul alphabet so

that the readings will be in accordance with the

meaning. Good articulation is needed in order to

produce perfect sound. Clear intonation in reciting

Qur’an is also required to fit with wazan mad and

qoshr so it will be able to create harmony in reciting

Qur'an.

5 CONCLUSION

From this study, it can be concluded that singing and

reciting Al Qur’an can effect on PEFR values.

Reciting Al Qur’an has better effect than singing on

PEFR. It can be applied for asthma’s patient to

improve their PEFR.

The Comparison between the Effectiveness of Reciting Al-Qur’an and Singing toward the Value of the Peak of Expiratory Flow Rate

The limitation of the study were PEF’

measurement used a prediction and the subject were

not asthma’s patient. According researcher’s

experience the most of muslims could not reciting

Al Quran with tartil, and it took time (more than 3

month) to teach it.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Researcher had two assistant for collecting data and

administration. assistant accompanied researcher

while researcher had conducted in each group. They

had been trained for measuring PEFR . Research’s

Funding came from lecturer allowances.

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