Independence in Resolving Safety and Health Issues and

Occupational Occupations of Road Sweepers in Town X

Umi Salmah¹, Isyatun Mardiyah Syahri¹, Sri Novita Lubis

and Yenny Obsi Satra

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl.Universitas No.21 Medan, Indonesia

Keywords

: Age, Education, Working Length, Independence, Occupational Accident.

Abstract: The biggest contributor to occupational accidents is the unsafe act. It needs self awareness from the workers

to avoid them from increasing harmful acts so that they can be independent. The purpose of this study is to

find out the independence in solving the problem of k3 and the incident of occupational accidents on road

sweepers in city X. This is a descriptive research with cross sectional study approach, 21 districts in city X

and the population of 815 people. Based on the Slovin’s formula, it is obtained 260 people as the sample.

Based on the analysis result obtained age ≤ 48 years counted 163 people (62,7%), elementary education 135

people (51,9%) and work period ≤ 22 years counted 200 person (76,9%). Respondents with the category of

Self-Independent is as many as 130 people (50%). The low level of independence in overcoming the

problem of OSH on road sweeper workers and the most respondents claimed to have experienced work

accident in the last year that is as many as 139 people (53.5%). Needs to improve the road sweepers’

independence on k3 through training, illumination and module of information resources by considering

education and worker age.

1 INTRODUCTION

According to the data in Social Insurance

Administration Organization for employment (later

is called as BPJS Ketenagakerjaan), there has been

105,182 cases of occupational accidents in Indonesia

until the end of 2015. The heavy accidents occurred

2.375 cases from the total accidents which can result

in deaths. It is recorded that the number of accidents

increased to 5 % each year. The heavy occupational

accident has increased highly which is about 5% -

10% every year (Nasional.kontan.co.id/news, 2016).

The biggest contributor to occupational accidents

is the unsafe act which is the reflection of workers'

behavior on work safety. Avoiding workers from

doing harmful actions requires increased awareness.

To raise awareness and concern about OHS among

others is by guidance of safe behavior (Cecep,

2013). Research to investigate unsafe work behavior

on worker accidents found that there is lack of safety

awareness, work pressure, co-worker attitude and

the result strengthens the important role of safety

procedure, experience, work security, education, and

safety orientation and training (Rafig and

Dongping, 2017).

Briefly, the process of Heinririch's Dominos'

(domino theory) explains that the social environment

where humans act unsafely, can be improved by

means of continuous education and training

(Tarwaka, 2012). The results of quasi experimental

study in which the training involves the behavioral

modeling, a large number of exercises, and

dialogues, are generally more effective than other

health and safety training methods (Burke at all,

2011).

Health and Occupational Safety (K3) should be

instilled and built through coaching and training. We

create workers who are cultured by Health and

absolute workplace safety through coaching and

training (Ramli, 2013). Coaching and training for

workers is aimed at making self-employed workers

in workplace. Independence is the attitude

(behavior) and mental of the workers in order to

have the ability to manage themselves, in

accordance with the rights and obligations, so that it

can solve the problem of K3 that they experience

and can be responsible for all decisions that they

have taken.The effort is an effort to encourage

workers to behave safely in work that aims to

Salmah, U., Syahri, I., Lubis, S. and Satra, Y.

Independence in Resolving Safety and Health Issues and Occupational Occupations of Road Sweepers in Town X.

DOI: 10.5220/0010080005950599

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

595-599

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

595

prevent Occupational Health and Occupational

problems.

Given the magnitude of safety and health

problems experienced by the road sweeper identified

from the research results, there are 15 sources of

potential hazards, ie 3 physical factors hazard: solar

thermal, cold in rainy season and car horn noise; 2

biological factors hazardous and vector-borne

diseases; 3 chemical dangers are dust, garbage smell

and vehicle fumes; 1 physiological factor hazard is

uncomfortable work clothes used; 3 hazards of

psychological factors are reprimanded, harassed and

workload and 3 safety hazards that are bumped into

a vehicle, beaten by a madman and impaled by a

sharp object (Salmah, 2016; Salmah dan Lubis

2017). Health problems occurring on the road

sweeper also experienced by other countries which

can be concluded that is respiratory irritation,

shortness of breath and backache, noise, heat, cold,

toxic substances, and physiological disorders

(Co.NKU at all, 2005; Smilee at all, 2014; Astraful

at all, 2015; Kanjanar dan Wattasit, 2015). Based on

the above it is necessary to do a study to determine

the independence of road sweepers in coping with

the problem k in the workplace. This study aims to

determine the independence in solving health and

safety problems and occupational accidents in road

sweepers in City X so it can be used as input for the

activities of prevention program of work accident in

the future.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

The type of research methodology used in this study

is descriptive research with cross sectional study

approach to know the description of the level of

independence and work accidents that occurred in

road sweeper workers in city X. The the study was

conducted in 21 sub-districts in city X with the

population of Melati group street sweepers working

in cleaning services of 815 people. Samples were

obtained based on the Slovin formula of 260 road

sweepers in 21 subdistricts. Workers are given a

self-reliance questionnaire with independence

measurements taken from 2 indicators namely the

ability to make decisions in preventing accidents and

changes in conformity, by giving a check mark on

one of the answers that are already available.

3 RESULTS

3.1 Frequency Distribution of

Respondent Characteristics

From the below table obtained respondents aged ≤

48 years as many as 163 (62.7%), and those aged>

48 years as many as 97 people (37.3%).

Respondents with elementary school education are

135 people (51,9%), junior high school 61 (23,5%),

high school (equal to 62 people (23,8%) and college

(2 degree) 2 people (8,0%). Respondents who have a

working period of ≤ 22 years as many as 200 people

(76.9%), and> 22 years as many as 60 people

(23.1%).

Table 1: Distribution of Age Frequency, Level of

Education, Working Period, Knowledge and Unsafe

Actions on Road Sweepers In Town X

(

Year

)

Fre

uenc

(

)

Percenta

(

)

≤48 Years 163 62,7

>48 Years 97 37,3

Total 260 100

Education Fre

uenc

(

)

Percenta

(

)

Elementary

school

Junior high

school

High School/

equal

Colle

135

51,9

23,5

23,8

8,0

Total 260 100

Work Period

(

Year

)

Frequency (n) Percentage (%)

≤ 22 Year

>22

Yea

200

76,9

23,1

Total 260 100

3.2 Distribution Frequency of

Independence in Occupational

Health and Safety Respondents

Frequency Distribution Level of Independence of

Road Sweepers In Town X presented in table form

(see Appendix for table).

From the table above, it is obtained that 256

people (98.4%) respondents are the most cautious in

working. The highest number of respondents stated

that sometimes they were looking for information

about workplace health problems are 212 people

(81.5%). Most respondents who stated that they did

not think that Health and safety was more important

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

596

than salary / money are 114 people (43.9%). Table

can be seen in appendix

Respondents who at least stated that they were

always looking for information about the causes of

occupational health and safety issues at work were

32 people (12.3%). The fewest respondents stated

that sometimes they were careful in their work, ie 3

people (1.2%). The least respondents stated that they

never stated cautious in their work as much as 1

person (0.4%).

Table 2. Level of Independence

Level of

Inde

endence

Frequency (n) Percentage

(

)

Independent

Less Independent

Not Independent

104

130

Total 260 100

From the above table obtained the most respondents

with the category of Self-Independent is as many as

130 people (50%). The least respondent with the

category No Self is as much as 26 people (10%).

3.3 Frequency Distribution of

Respondent Work Accident

From the table below, it is obtained that the most

respondents who claimed to experience occupational

accident in the last year are 139 people (53.5%).

Respondents who did not have an accident were 121

people (46.5%).

Table .3. Distribution of Frequency of Worker Accident of

Road Sweeper In Town X

Work accident Frequency (n) Percentage (%)

Yes

139 53,5

121 46,5

Total 260 100

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Independence in Solving

Occupational Health and Safety

Issues on Road Sweepers in City X

Independence of respondents in the study was

conducted on the basis of existing situational

workplace, most respondents who always work

carefully are 256 people (98.4%). Road sweepers

are cautious in their work but still seem to be unsafe

workers like others who do not follow work

procedures such as sweeping in the middle of the

road and against the flow of vehicles. If we take a

look at the results of this study that the respondents

stated cautious but lack of understanding about how

careful it is, in other words, road sweeper workers

do not understand how to prevent accident or illness

caused by the job. Workers also do not understand

the position of the survivors when they are

working, and less understanding that the wrong

attitude of work impacts on health problems.

Workers also do not understand that collecting

garbage must use work equipment and use personal

protective equipment such as gloves. Similar results

to a study of street sweepers in Kota Baru found 24

people (52.2%) applied poor PPE (Sari P dkk,

2013).

Provide an understanding to workers that waste

can cause various diseases is also very important by

employers. Giving audiences such as counseling is

essential to raise the workers awareness. Health and

safety counseling is a form of effort undertaken to

encourage and strengthen workers' awareness and

behavior about OSH so as to protect workers,

property, environment (Sari P dkk, 2013). There is

a significant relationship between knowledge and

attitude with accident prevention behavior

(Notosiswoyo, 2014).

The highest number of respondents stated that

sometimes they were looking for information about

workplace health problems 212 people (81.5%).

This study also found workers who find out their

own information about occupational safety and

health issues that exist in the workplace such as

with the foreman, family and by looking at the

internet. It is necessary to increase self-reliance by

constantly improving the knowledge of the situation

and working conditions by ensuring that workers

are familiar with the needs of their work so that

they are protected from the dangers of accidents

and illness. It can be concluded that each worker

will be more familiar with the needs of the job

because of a system to monitor their efforts to

implement Work safety and health, work

experience and knowledge is also one of the

resources in the integration process of occupational

safety and health (Somad, 2013).

Most respondents stated that they did not feel

OSH more important than salary / money are 114

people (43.9%). It shows that some workers work

more material-oriented than prioritizing safety and

health. From the results of this study, it shows that

the worker’s motive is to make money that can give

workers satisfaction. The results shows that

Independence in Resolving Safety and Health Issues and Occupational Occupations of Road Sweepers in Town X

597

motivation has positive and significant effect on job

satisfaction (Juniari at all, 2015).

Those who use a complete self-indulgence tool

are only 60 people (23.1%). This is only

occasionally, there are even road sweepers who do

not use personal protective equipment. This may be

due to the minimal education of the respondents, the

majority of primary schools. This is in line with the

results of research on educational factors and

policies on Personal Protective Equipment that have

significant relationship with compliance using

Personal Protective Equipment of all factors studied

namely age factor, work period, knowledge,

motivation, personality, training on Personal

Protective Equipment, communication, and training

using Personal Protective Equipment (Sertiya at all,

2015).

The results of this study indicate that the road

sweepers who have experienced occupational

accidents in the past year are 139 people (53.5%).

Work accidents experienced in the form of impaled

food sticks, impaled needle spikes and other sharp

objects. Being hit and bumped by a vehicle and

falling and slipping while pushing and lifting

garbage. Based on the results of this study there is a

need for safety and health efforts aimed at the safety

and health of workers. Occupational safety and

health includes the value of labor protection from

work accidents or diseases (Ramli, 2013). The

purpose of occupational safety and health is to avoid

injury, illness, and death (Cascio, 2014). The

magnitude of the proportion of workers who have

had workplace accidents is assumed to be due to low

knowledge of work risk, not using Personal

Protective Equipment, lack of concentration at work,

lack of care and ignoring work procedures. Efforts

should be made to increase the independence of

sweeping workers on occupational safety and health

through training, extension and module of

information resources by considering the educational

factors and age of the workers. It is also hoped that

the workers will give priority to their safety while

working among others by increasing their

knowledge and insight about occupational safety and

health

5 CONCLUSIONS

The independence in overcoming health and safety

problems on road sweeper are still low and the

respondents who has Self-Independent category are

130 people (50%) and the most respondents stated

that they have experienced occupational accidents in

the workplace in the last year are 139 people

(53,5%).

Efforts should be made to increase the

independence of sweeping workers on occupational

safety and health through training activities,

extension and module of information resources by

considering educational factors and age of workers.

It is hoped that the workers will give priority to their

safety while working, among others, by increasing

their knowledge and knowledge about occupational

health and safety.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thank you for the support provided by the

University of North Sumatra through research

institutes that have provided opportunities in basic

research leading scholarship fund resources DRPM

Kemenristekdikti Fiscal Year 2018. thanks to the

research and development agencies of Medan City

Government, Sanitation Department of Medan City

Government and all road sweepers, Melati Group, as

respondents in this study.

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APPENDIX

Table 2: Frequency Distribution Level of Independence of Road Sweepers In Town X

No Statement Always Sometimes Never Amount

n % n % n % n %

1. Use full personal protective equipment

(shoes, masks, gloves, hats)

60 23.1 196 75,4 4 1,5 260 100

2. I pay attention to work health and safety 223 85.8 28 10.8 9 3.4 260 100

3. I know the risk of work 201 77.3 22 8.5 37 14.2 260 100

4. I work carefully 256 98.4 3 1.2 1 0.4 260 100

5. I follow the work procedure 65 25.0 173 66.5 22 8.5 260 100

6. I focus on my work 220 84.6 27 10.4 13 5.0 260 100

7. I am looking for information on what causes

occupational safety and health issues at work

32 12.3 212 81.5 16 6.2 260 100

8. I communicate with coworkers in

understanding workplace conditions

65 25.0 173 66.5 22 8.5 260 100

9. I give ideas and suggestions to make my

colleagues pay attention to work safety and

health

78 30.0 176 67.7 6 2.3 260 100

10. I think Safety and health is more important

than salary / money to be earned

102 39.2 44 16.9 114 43.9 260 100

Independence in Resolving Safety and Health Issues and Occupational Occupations of Road Sweepers in Town X

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