Understanding of School-age Children in Caring of Dental Caries by

using Animated Digital Video

Nian Afrian Nuari

, Syiddatul Budury

, Theresia Anita Pramesti

Department of Nursing, STIKES Karya Husada Kediri, Indonesia

Department of Nursing, University of Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya Indonesia

Department of Nursing, STIKES Wiramedika Bali, Indonesia

Keywords: Dental, caries, school, video

Abstract: Dental health education must be introduced early to children so they can find out how to maintain good and

correct dental and oral health, and it important too for who has caries so they can prevent more severe

caries. The research aimed to determine the effect of the use of educational media on digital animation

videos toward the understanding and caring of dental caries. This research used pre experimental design.

The population this research was school age children with dental caries. The sample picked up with

purposive sampling. The research was conducted by giving intervention using animated digital video for 3

times sessions. Respondents were given pre-test and post to measure understanding of dental caries and

caring of dental caries. The result showed there was an effect of the use of digital animation video toward

understanding of dental caries and caring of dental caries. Educational media is one of the factors that can

support the distribution of information well. Learning media using interactive animation makes children

very interested.

1 INTRODUCTION

Poor dental health in school-aged children, for

example, it can disrupt the growth and development

of school age children because pain in cavities can

disturb activities and the quality of life of school age

children. Teeth and mouth are also a "gateway" for

the entry of germs and bacteria so that they can

interfere with the health of other organs. Cavities not

only affect the quality of life in the presence of pain,

but can also cause complications of acute and

chronic infections that cause permanent disability

and death (Ministry of Health Rupublic of

Indonesia, 2014).

The results of basic health research in 2014

found that the proportion of dental and oral problem

populations in children aged 1 to 4 years was 10.4%

and only 25.3% of the population received dental

care. The correct tooth brushing practice for children

aged 1 to 10 years is only 1.7%. Whereas from the

percentage of Indonesian population aged > 10 years

in correct brushing behavior in East Java province in

daily brushing as many as 93.5%, brushing teeth at

morning bath 95.2%, taking an afternoon bath

84.0%, after eating morning 2.8%, after waking up

5.1%, before going to bed at night 22.6%, after

lunch 9.2%. From the results of dental examinations

in Kediri District, the results of 27 children, 22

children (81.5%) experienced dental caries and only

5 children (18.5%) had healthy teeth..

The factors that cause dental caries consist of

causes in the internal and external causes of the

individual. Factors that cause dental caries are

factors that are directly related to the process of

dental caries, including host, microorganism,

substrate, and time. While external factors are

economic status, family, occupation, dental health

facilities, and dental health education received

(Purwaningsih, 2018).

Dental infections can cause 41 kinds of chronic

diseases such as kidney damage, maxillary sinusitis,

meningitis, rhematod arthritis and even death

(Cappelli and Mobley, 2008a). The mechanism of

damage caused by dental infections is called focal

infection. Chronic infection of the teeth can spread

to other parts of the body through the blood

circulation (hematogenous) where infective material

spreads through the blood circulation and infects

other organs. In addition, transmission of infection

can also occur through lymphatic and lymphogenic

580

Nuari, N., Budury, S. and Pramesti, T.

Understanding of School-age Children in Caring of Dental Caries by using Animated Digital Video.

DOI: 10.5220/0010024900002917

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Laws, Arts and Humanities (BINUS-JIC 2018), pages 580-583

ISBN: 978-989-758-515-9

flow. Infective material travels to the regional lymph

into other body organisms or spreads into the jaw

bone and connective tissue then accumulates tissue.

Transmission can also occur through the

gastrointestinal and respiratory tract where infective

material is blocked and causes tonsillitis, pharyngitis

and various stomach disorders. Aspiration of

infective material then causes laryngitis, tracheitis,

bronchitis or pneumonia (Cappelli and Mobley,

2008b).

In school children, the body's immune system

has not been formed as perfect as in adults. Once a

dental infection attacks the organ, the consequences

will be fatal. In addition to school-aged children,

there are milk teeth that will date and change with

adult teeth. The shape and health of adult teeth will

depend on the quality of the health of the milk teeth

because the perforated milk teeth will leave the

bacteria on the gums and infect the roots of future

dental candidates so that recurrent dental infections

occur (Cappelli and Mobley, 2008b). Dental health

education must be introduced as early as possible to

children so they can find out how to maintain good

and correct dental and oral health.

Visual education animation media is one of the

interventions to increase the knowledge of schoolers.

In the Health Promotion Model theory concept there

are several components that influence such previous

experience and personal factors, one of which is

knowledge, knowledge factors are the main factors

and which are the main components that also

influence individual knowledge and perception with

the desired end result. In Health Promotion model

theory the paradigm shift of health services from

curative to promotive and preventive has been

responded by nursing theorist Nolla J. Pender

focused on the Health Promotion Model (HPM)

(Tommey, A.M., & Alligood, 2016). This model

combines two theories, namely expectancy theory

and social cognitive theory which considers the

importance of health promotion (individual

characteristics and experience) and prevention of

disease is logical and economical The theoretical

approach focuses on the individual's ability to

maintain his health condition, better when a person

is in good health and also better to take preventive

action and then try to take actions that lead to

improvement of the conditions he has (Tommey,

A.M., & Alligood, 2016). Nurses must also show

caring attitudes to help school-age children meet

their oral hygienic needs (Nuari et al., 2018). The

purpose of this study was to determine the effect of

the use of educational media on digital animation

videos toward the understanding of dental caries and

the prevention behavior of dental caries.

2 METHOD

2.1 Research Object

The population this research was school age children

with dental caries in Kediri Indonesia. The sample

picked up with purposive sampling.

2.2 Design/ Approach

The research design used pre experimental design

without control.

2.3 Data Collection

Data were obtained with questionnare for knowledge

about dental caries and prevention behaviour

obtained with check list. The intervention given to

the respondent with used video digital animation.

The research was conducted by giving intervention

using animated digital video for 3 times sessions.

Respondents were given pre-test and post test to

measure understanding of dental caries and caring of

dental caries.

2.4 Ethical Consideration

The implementation of ethic feasibility is carried out

in accordance with the procedure by conducting

ethical feasibility test at the relevant institution. All

respondents in this study do inform consent

procedurs.

2.5 Method of Analysis

Research data were analyzed by descriptive statistic

and Bivariate analysis. The data was analyzed by

description analysis and Paired T Test. (0,05).

3 RESULT

Table 1 shows that 60% of respondents school-age

children have female gender and 50% are 6 years

old. While the number of school-age children who

experience dental pain is 83.3%. Teeth that often

experience dental caries in school-aged children are

molars as much as 46.7%. The number of teeth that

experienced dental caries was 30% with 2 dental

Understanding of School-age Children in Caring of Dental Caries by using Animated Digital Video

581

caries. From the data also obtained as many as 50%

of children no teeth were released. Table 2 shows

that there is an influence of the use of digital

animation videos on understanding school-age

children about dental caries. Table 3 shows that

there is an effect of the use of digital animation

videos on the prevention and caring of dental caries.

Table 1: Distribution of Frequency Variable

Variable Category F %

Gender Male 12 40

Female 18 60

Age 6 years old 15 50

7 years old 12 40

8 years old 3 10

Dental Pain Ever 25 83,3

Never 5 16,7

Type of dental

caries

Incisors 7 23,3

Molars 14 46,7

Canine tooth 2 6,7

Incisors and molars 7 23,3

Number of carious

teeth

1 tooth 7 23,3

2 teeth 9 30

3 teeth 4 13,3

4 teeth 7 23,3

5 teeth 1 3,3

6 teeth 2 6,7

Number of loose

teeth

none 15 50

1 tooth 11 36,7

2 teeth 4 13,3

Table 2: The Analysis Of Variable Understanding Of

Dental Caries

No Understanding

about dental caries

N Mean SD

1 Pre Test 30 51,6 17,827

2 Post Test 30 75,0 11,962

Paired T Test P value: 0,000

Table 3: The Analysis Of Caring Behaviour Of Dental

Caries

No Caring behaviour

of dental caries

N Mean SD

1 Pre Test 30 4,67 1,708

2 Post Test 30 7,03 1,217

Paired T Test P value: 0,000

4 DISCUSSION

From the results of the study, it was found that

before the intervention of giving animated videos

obtained a mean of 51.6 for understanding school-

age children about dental caries. Matters that are not

yet known by respondents include food that results

in dental caries, cavities, tooth brushing and dental

check-ups. After a pre test examination, a health

promotion intervention is then provided with this

animated digital video media. In this session nurses

also provided Health Promotion by using animated

videos about tooth brushing that discussed the

effects of not brushing teeth, foods that cause dental

caries, and the process of cavities. The second

session, which was to re-display the animated video

about tooth brushing that discussed how to brush

your teeth, when you brushed your teeth and the

time to check your teeth. In the third session, the

video was started again from the beginning to the

end and continued with the practice of brushing

teeth. In this third session also conducted post test

knowledge and caring behavior. In addition nurses

also provide feedback to parents as a reference in

guiding children about oral hygiene.

From the results of the study also obtained before

the intervention was found the mean of 4.67 for the

caring of dental caries includes how to brush teeth

correctly and sequentially. After the intervention for

the prevention behavior of dental caries has a Mean

of 7.03. In conducting health promotion, it cannot be

separated from using learning media. When doing

health promotion, nurses uses educational visual

animation as a learning media. This media must be

adjusted to the aggregate of health workers in

conducting health promotion. The use of this media

in health promotion is also in accordance with the

development school children in the cognitive

aspects. School age knowledge of the world remains

closely related to concrete experiences or perceived

feelings. In addition, School children are dominated

by what they see, feel and experience (Nuari, 2017).

The school-age children have different cognitive

abilities (Nuari, 2015a). The application of object or

animal recognition application using interactive

animation, this provides and presents knowledge

about an object in which its use is easy and

accompanied by an attractive appearance so that it

can helps school age children learn to recognize

these objects in their environment. With new

learning methods that have sprung up now provide a

choice of learning methods that are appropriate to

the needs of users. One of them is interactive

learning based on information technology that has

many advantages from conventional learning

methods. Learning media using interactive

animation makes children very interested.

Educational media is one of the factors that can

support the distribution of information well,

BINUS-JIC 2018 - BINUS Joint International Conference

582

education media is a tool that can be used to convey

information. Various media in conducting health

promotion such as posters, flipcharts, leaflets and

booklets have been proven to increase knowledge.

However, the media is less effective if the intended

target is school children who in fact have not been

able to read and understand the writing to the full.

Several studies have found audio media health

education methods in animated format to make

children learn in a fun way as children watch

animated videos at home. The animation format also

awakens the world of children's imagination and

eliminates boredom because children are made in the

same position as watching cartoons. Health

education with animated audio visual animation can

therefore offer an interesting, not monotonous and

informal education according to the characteristics

of the way school age children learn. This is not

different from the results of the study that the

Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) models

based on visual animation can improve learning

outcomes (Nuning Rahayuningsih, Ashadi, 2013).

Cognitive abilities are able to influence a person's

behavior in doing something and increase self-

empowerment (Nuari, 2015b). The school-age

children who are independent and have good self-

empowerment can improve their behavior in

maintaining oral hygiene (Nuari, 2016).

5 CONCLUSIONS

Learning media using animated digital video can

improve understanding of school-age children about

dental caries knowledge. In addition, it can improve

the behavior of caring dental caries by showing a

positive response by doing healthy living behavior,

especially for oral health.

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