2 METHOD
This research uses field observation method, field
experiments and literature study supported by
drawings obtained from the field observation and
literature. Observation of the field by conducting
surveys at several museums, museum of science Salt
Museum in Tokyo and MACAN museum (Modern
and Contemporary Art in Nusantara) in the city of
Jakarta. Both museums serve as an example because
they have succeeded in using an interactive system
on their exhibition displays to convey the messages.
Field experiment is conducted in a real situation. In
field experiments researchers can do the experiment
by himself and practice some interactive ways either
with the digital technology or manually. From this
experience of trying directly, the visitor will get the
messages or lessons delivered in those museums.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
For the mutual benefit and protection of Authors and
Publishers, it is necessary that Authors provide
formal written Consent to Publish and Transfer of
Copyright before publication of the Book. The
signed Consent ensures that the publisher has the
Author’s authorization to publish the Contribution.
In earlier times, the kind of communication
applied in is one direction communication, which in
communication theory, it means the communication
that does not occur interaction between visitors and
display exhibition. Visitor was only as a spectator
passive. They had only one choice, saw the object
already prepared by the curator museum or often
called as curatorial hypodermics (Hooper-Greenhill,
1994). It also said that on a fair traditional, the
museum and designers just prepare the contents of
exhibitions with consistent display.
Some museum obstacles in maintaining the
sustainability are: monotone display techniques, the
absence of two-way interaction between visitors and
museum collections, the weakness of the museum's
maintenance and management system, and lack of
the visitor’s awareness of museums.
The best quality for all visitors regardless of the
background and their interests will get information
and a similar experience. This is why the museum in
the old time failed to communicate with the visitors.
At the moment, communication theory one direction
start left, replaced by a new conception that lead to
models of communication interpersonal. Visitors are
invited to actively and can be directly involved in a
fair. One of them is museum recently participatory
(Simon, 2010). In this program the museum or
institution supports the multidimensional experience
of visitors. Museums only serve as a 'foundation'
linking visitors, where visitors can act as designers,
dealers, users, critics, and collaborators of the
exhibit. This means the museum can’t guarantee the
uniformity and consistency of the visitor experience
as it does in traditional exhibitions. On the other
hand the museum provides an opportunity for
visitors from diverse backgrounds and interests to
create and produce mutual experiences (Ury, 2002).
It mentions this type of museum is a postmodern
museum. Visitors are no longer just expected to
stand uprightly admire an exhibit object but also to
participate actively in an exhibition.
Two-way interpersonal communication model
can be achieved through educational programs,
participatory, living interpretation, and interactive
exhibitions through various media such as audio-
visual, touch screen and multimedia. Current
technological advances strongly support the
development of this kind of exhibition. With the
application of interpersonal communication model
of a museum becomes more interesting. Museum not
only has the function of education but also has the
values of entertainment, recreation, and relaxation so
that the purpose of visiting the museum and the
public expectations of the museum will be achieved.
There are three levels of interaction based on the
quality of learning (Schweir, 1993). The three levels
in full are shown in the table.
Table 1: Interactive levels based on learning quality.