Broadcasting Ethics in Dangdut Academy 4 Indosiar Indonesia

Mungky Diana Sari

, Muslikhin

and N. D. Widiyanti

Marketing Communication Program, Communication Department, Faculty of Economics & Communication, Bina

Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11480

Keywords: Broadcasting Ethics, Television Reality Show.

Abstract: This research aims to describe the control performed by the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) and

the production team of Dangdut Academy 4 (DA4) program in Indosiar, in fulfilling the existing rules in

P3SPS (Broadcasting Code of Conduct and Standards of Broadcasting Program), which become the ethics of

broadcasting in Indonesia. However, the making of P3SPS made by the Commission, is a medium to educate

the public in providing information, education, good entertainment, control, and social adhesive through

broadcasting standard rules. This research is important as recommendation to KPI and all TV stations in

Indonesia to make good program in sustainability broadcasting development in the future. The findings of

this research were the control of the Commission done by their analyst team that is continuously monitoring

the broadcast content. Besides, the analyst team, the Commission also received input or information from the

community about the potential violation of P3SPS from a television program. While, the control of DA4

production team is done in several ways, among others a briefing of P3SPS rules to all the production team

and performers and controlling during rehearsals before the shooting or live broadcast.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesian Broadcasting Commission on February

, 2017 gave a broadcast suspension for two days

(February 27

and 28

, 2017) to Dangdut Academy

4 (DA'4) program in Indosiar (Indonesia television

channel). The temporary suspension was because of

Indonesian Broadcasting Commission's judgment.

According to them, Dangdut Academy 4 on February

, 2017 violated the Broadcasting Code of Conduct

and Standards of Broadcasting Program (P3SPS).

Violations committed in the form of a rough phrase

and insults by one of the performers. Following the

provisions contained in P3SPS, harsh and verbal

expressions should not appear on television (KPI,

2017).

Giving sanction to the television programs that

violate P3SPS is a function of the Commission. It is

mandated in Law of Republic of Indonesia Article 8

Paragraph 2a No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting.

Sanction of suspension of program impressions DA4,

as a form of the Commission control for TV program

managers always make P3SPS as a guide in running

the program broadcast. As an institution that oversees

broadcasting in Indonesia, the KPI wants to make

sure that all the TV programs do not violate P3SPS.

The P3SPS is a broadcasting code of conduct and

broadcasting standard made by the Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission, containing what the

broadcasters may and should not do. In addition, the

purpose of making P3SPS for broadcasters is to

perform its functions as mandated in broadcasting law

No 32 year 2002, as a medium of information,

education, good entertainment, control, and social

adhesive (Ardianto, E., Komala, L., & Karlina, 2017).

The making of P3SPS by Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission which is a mandate of this

broadcasting law is in line with the socio-cultural

which contains as a shaper, mirror, packer, teacher,

ritual, or even God (Ibrahim, I. S., & Bachruddin,

2014). In this perspective, impressions on TV can

affect the audience.

The Dangdut Academy 4 program is a talent

search program for dangdut singer on Indosiar. It is a

continuation of the previous Dangdut Academy

program. The DA4 aired on Indosiar from January to

May 2017 fulfilled the criteria as a potential program

that could violate P3SPS. The program is indicated as

potential program that could violate P3SPS, because

it contains gimmick and erotic dance that lead to

pornography. This research focused on the controls

performed by Indonesian Broadcasting Commission

190

Sari, M., Muslikhin, . and Widiyanti, N.

Broadcasting Ethics in Dangdut Academy 4 Indosiar Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0010004800002917

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Laws, Arts and Humanities (BINUS-JIC 2018), pages 190-194

ISBN: 978-989-758-515-9

and production team so that the DA4 show does not

violate or comply with P3SP.

2 METHODOLOGY

The data were collected by interviewing several

members of DA4 production team and Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission who were in charge of

broadcast content monitoring. Five people were from

the DA4 production team. They were the Executive

Producer Program of DA4, as a man who responsible

the program. The Program Producer who runs the

DA4 program every day. The Program Director who

was responsible for shooting or choosing the image

that appears on the television screen viewers will see.

The Creative Team who is responsible for designing

the contents of the DA4 program; and one of DA4

hosts, and one from Indonesian Broadcasting

Commission who becomes coordinator of broadcast

content monitoring field.

This research used the qualitative approach with

descriptive qualitative. Moreover, qualitative

descriptive is done on case study, focusing on a

particular unit of various phenomena (Bungin, 2011).

The sanction of suspension of the DA4 show for two

days, on February 27

and 28

, 2017, as a result of

violating P3SPS is an interesting case. Sanctions were

given directly to the termination of views, not the

accumulative of first warning, second warning and so

on. The exploration was conducted deeply on how

Indonesian Broadcasting Commission and production

team control for DA4 show no longer violate P3SPS.

Besides interviews, data collection was conducted

by observing participation for three months, from

February to May 2017. Researchers were involved in

the production process of DA4 programs, ranging

from pre-production, production, and post-

production. Data obtained from interviews and field

notes were then analyzed by coding in three stages,

open coding, pivot coding, and selective coding. The

validity of data used triangulation of source and

method (Gunawan, 2013).

3 DISCUSSION

For the mutual benefit and protection of Authors and

Publishers, it is necessary that Authors provide

formal written Consent to Publish and Transfer of

Consent ensures that the publisher has the Author’s

authorization to publish the Contribution.

3.1 Internal Monitoring of Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission and

Public Complaint

The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission has two

models for monitoring television programs in

Indonesia. First, the supervision performed by

Indonesian Broadcasting Commission. To monitor all

broadcast television programs, including DA4,

Indonesian Broadcasting Commission formed an

internal monitoring team called broadcast content

analysts working for 24 hours. The current number of

broadcast content analysts is 92 people, who work in

four shifts. One shift lasted six hours. Currently, 15

national television networks and 3 television

subscriptions were supervised by the Commission.

Beside analyst team, Indonesian Broadcasting

Commission also has six broadcasting content

monitoring experts and an expert coordinator.

Moreover, Indonesian Broadcasting Commission has

nine expert staff or assistant commissioner.

The task of the analyst is watching television and

recording all impressions that consider violating

P3SPS. The results of the analyst team are then

recorded to calculate the potential number of

violations. The potential violation data are then

submitted to the editing personnel to cut or edit the

content that is potentially violating P3SPS. The

snippet of the image is evidence of potential

violations that will be further investigated or verified

by six experts. After examining the evidence, the

experts will determine the type of violation. The

expert coordinator will re-verify and give final

validation to the analysis results before submitting to

four commissioners of Indonesian Broadcasting

Commission who are in charge of broadcast content

and its expert staff. The commissioner then conducts

a plenary session to decide whether or not to impose

sanctions. The plenary session is held every

Wednesday.

The second monitoring model is a complaint or a

report from the public on P3SPS violations by

television. Reports or complaints from the public will

be followed up by Indonesian Broadcasting

Commission if there is evidence of impression on

P3SPS violations committed by television. Based on

the evidence, Indonesian Broadcasting Commission

decides whether or not there is a violation of P3SPS.

If a violation is found, a sanction is imposed

according to the type of violation.

There are several stages in follow up the

community complaints. First, Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission will seek evidence by

examining the publicly reported complaints. The

Broadcasting Ethics in Dangdut Academy 4 Indosiar Indonesia

191

evidence is recorded and collected by the editorial

team owned by Indonesian Broadcasting

Commission. Then, their expert inspects and verifies

the evidence and determines the type of violation. The

results of the assessment of experts will be reviewed

by the expert coordinator before submitted to the

commissioner of broadcast content monitoring and

expert staff. Finally, the commissioner conducts a

plenary session to decide whether there should be

sanctions for broadcasters or not.

3.2 The Immediate Stop of DA4 Due to

Rude and Insulting Comment

The two-day sanction of DA4 on February 27

and

, 2017 was imposed by Indonesian Broadcasting

Commission on February 20

, 2017. The sanction

was based on public complaints to the Commission

on the DA4 show on February 14

, 2017 which

violates P3SPS rules. The Commission followed up

the complaints because there was evidence of

violations against P3SPS. Moreover, the Commission

saw that the evidence of violation has become viral in

social media.

Upon the appearance of these infractions,

Indonesian Broadcasting Commission called Indosiar

as the television channel that broadcasted DA4 show

to clarify the presence of inappropriate word of anjing

(dog). Anjing or Dog can be included as sarcasm.

Moreover, it contains rude and insulting word.

As a result, Indonesian Broadcasting Commission

imposed sanctions of two-day termination for DA4 on

February 27

and 28

, 2017. The sanction is a

maximum for a violation of P3SPS. Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission rated that DA4 has

violated Article 24 No. 2 of 2012 on Broadcast

Program Standards. Article 80 of Broadcast Program

Standards states if broadcasters violate Article 7, 23,

24, 28, 30, 48, 50, 57, 58, and 70 Broadcast Program

Standards, it will be immediately discontinued

without giving warning letters (KPI, 2016).

3.3 Workshop and Briefing of P3SPS

Some DA4 production teams, such as executive

producer, program director (PD), and creative team

understand P3SPS as a guidance and reference for

television content. They have attended the P3SPS

school which is regularly conducted by Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission, so accordingly they

understood what should appear or not appear on

television. While other members of the production

team, such as camera designers, sound designers, and

field directors have not attended P3SPS school. To

balance the understanding of P3SPS, especially for

those who have not attended P3SPS School, the

production team held one day workshop. The purpose

of this workshop is to explain P3SPS and what things

are prohibited from appearing in television.

Beside the workshop, the production team held a

briefing before the shooting to explain P3SPS to all

crew and performers. This briefing was done before

rehearsal or on the sidelines of rehearsal. Briefing on

the sidelines of the rehearsal aimed to find things

considered violate the rules of P3SPS. After the case

of DA4 on February 14

, 2017, Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission representatives were

presented by the production team to explain P3SPS

rules to crews and performers.

3.4 Control during Rehearsal or

Training

Before the live broadcast, the production team, crew,

and performers always rehearsed or exercise.

Rehearsal started at 3 pm or four hours before the live

broadcast which started at 7 pm. In the rehearsal, it

can be seen things that potentially violate the rules of

P3SPS, as well as taking pictures with the camera. If

any potential violator was found, such as the clothing

then it should be changed. Whereas if the dance of

backup dancers or performers potentially violated

P3SPS, it must be omitted during the broadcasting.

3.5 Control through Performer

The main strength of the DA4 program lies in

conflicts, gimmicks, and jokes among the performers,

hosts, and judges. Conflict as gimmick is deliberately

created by the production team to make the program

more interesting. However, one of the keys to a

successful television program is the conflict (Gross,

L., Gross, B., & Perebinosoff, 2005). Therefore, the

reason that DA4 production team always created

conflict between the performers is to make the

program more interesting. However, conflicts,

gimmicks, and jokes created a potential violation of

P3SPS rules. Sometimes when the performers had a

joke, they unconsciously spoke inappropriate words.

Unwittingly there was harassment of one of the

performers. Also, there were inappropriate scenes

that potentially violated P3SPS.

The control of the performers was done in various

ways. First, direct control by installing headset or

earpiece to all the performers, so they can hear the

voice of the production team in the master control

studio. During the live broadcast, the creative team is

in the master control studio. They control the

BINUS-JIC 2018 - BINUS Joint International Conference

192

performers for spontaneous speech, action, scenes,

jokes, and gimmicks, which potentially violate

P3SPS rules. If there are potentially infringing things,

the creative will give feeding or notification via a

microphone that is instantly heard by all the

performers. Second, controlling with the cue card or

large paper to instruct the performers. Cue card

contains notices or warnings to end or alter gimmick

or dancing because of the potential violation of

P3SPS.

For example, the final concert of the top 20 of

DA'4 group 4 on March 17

, 2017. In the third

segment, there was a remark from judges Rita

Sugiarto about “janda syariah” (a shar’i widow)

when commented on the appearance of one of the

participants. The word was rated by the EP as

potentially violating P3SPS, so then ask the creative

team to remind the performers to be careful in joking.

The creative team wrote "for all hosts to be careful

when joking" on a cue card and showed to all the

performers.

3.6 Control through Advertisement

(Commercial Break)

Another form of control over the potential violation

of P3SPS in DA4 is by cutting the broadcast and

replacing it with the advertisement. This is done if the

control via the cue card or notification via the headset

is not successful.

3.7 Control through Picture

The DA4 production uses a multi-camera system with

four to five cameras that are simultaneously taking a

picture of a scene on stage. It simultaneously means

there are many images captured by the camera to be

selected by the director. The selected image must

have no potential violation of P3SPS. The director

must have a sharp eye in choosing a picture. In

addition to careful eyes, speed in moving images or

switches by the director is also required. If on the

screen there is a potentially infringing picture of

P3SPS, the director must quickly move the image

taken by another camera, which meets the P3SPS

criteria.

Carefulness and speed of moving this picture are

the challenge for the director. The character of the

DA'4 program, which is full of dangdut dance, often

raises scenes that are potentially violating P3SPS as it

leads to eroticism and porno-action as happened on

March 9

, 2017.

The scene captured by the camera leads to

pornography, so the director took a picture switch or

picture transfer to the viewer. The same was done

during the final top 20 show DA4 group 5. One of

juries, Iis Dahlia, wore an open-chest dress. During

the broadcast, when Iis Dahlia commented the

performer, the director took a picture only from her

neck to the head so that the chest was not seen.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The Dangdut Academy 4 in Indosiar has been trying

to serve a good entertain program as well as P3SPS

rule. However, the analyst team from Indonesian

Broadcasting Commission still finds several

infringements in the content. According to the

Commission analyst, those gimmicks and words from

the show display erotism and tend to pornography

action. The DA4 production team has supervised the

content of the DA4 program in order not to infringe

the P3SPS. The production team has done several

ways. First, they do briefing and explain the P3SPS

to the production team and performers. During

briefing, they describe what should appear in a

television show. Second, controlling during

rehearsals before the shooting or live broadcast.

During the rehearsal, there will be monitoring to see

whether there are things that potentially violate

P3SPS points, such as the performer’s clothes, or the

dance of dangdut singer or backup dancer. If it is

found, the clothes will be changed, and the dance will

be modified. Third, control by setting up headsets or

earpieces to each performer and creating cue card

with written instruction for the performer. If there is

any potential violation of P3SPS, the production team

will be alerted via headset or cue card. Fourth, control

through advertising. Control through advertising is

done if the notice via headset and cue card as well as

previous points does not work well. The production

team will cut the broadcast and replace it with the

advertisement. Fifth, control through the selection of

images by the director program. If there are images

that potentially violate P3SPS, then the director

immediately replaces the images with another image

taken from another camera. This is possible because

the production system uses multi-camera with four to

five cameras, so the director has many choices of

shooting images.

The phenomena of the research in broadcasting

industries have been happening now, especially in

Indonesia. Instead to make a good quality programs,

TV precisely makes program that does not educate

public. This matter becomes important because if it

does not change, the broadcasting industries will

create unhealthy public moral. Furthermore, the

Broadcasting Ethics in Dangdut Academy 4 Indosiar Indonesia

193

media which should educate people by its content will

become tools of development in sustain improper

moral society because people imitate those

performers in their shows. Even though, Indonesian

Government has own of broadcasting and journalistic

law, nonetheless it requires strong commitment from

all parties to carry it out well.

REFERENCES

Ardianto, E., Komala, L., & Karlina, S. (2017) Komunikasi

massa: Suatu pengantar. Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama

Media.

Bungin, B. (2011) Penelitian kualitatif: Komunikasi,

ekonomi, kebijakan publik, dan ilmu sosial lainnya.

Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.

Gross, L., Gross, B., & Perebinosoff, P. (2005)

Programming for tv, radio & the internet. 2ed: Strat.

Oxford: Focal Press.

Gunawan, I. (2013) Metode penelitian kualitatif: metode

dan praktik. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Ibrahim, I. S., & Bachruddin, A. A. (2014) Komunikasi dan

komodifikasi: Mengkaji media dan budaya dalam

dinamika globalisasi. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor

Indonesia.

KPI (2016) Pedoman Perilaku Penyiaran (P3) dan Standar

Program Siaran (SPS). Jakarta: Komisi Penyiaran

Indonesia.

KPI (2017) KPI pusat putuskan menghentikan sementara

program D’academy Indosiar, Online. Available at:

https://www.kpi.go.id/index.php/lihat-terkini/38-

dalam-negri/33770-kpi-pusat-putuskan-menghentikan-

sementara-program-d-academy-indosiar.

BINUS-JIC 2018 - BINUS Joint International Conference

194