Priority Factor Analysis to Improve Cycling Activities in Campus:

Study Case - Sebelas Maret University

Dewi Handayani

, N. F. Husin

, Erma Fitria Rini

and Kuswanto Nurhadi

Civil Engineering Department, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia

Urban and Regional Planning Department, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Cycling Activity, Priority Factor Analysis

Abstract: Multiculturalism in Indonesia need to be concern based on 250 tribes with diversity on language and religion.

Efforts leading for the preparation of the future generations within the culturally heterogeneous are reflected

in modern world education strategies. As the development of economic world, considering the environmental

impacts carried out an issue called Sustainable Development. University as one of educational institution

began to develop various programs based on sustainable development, one of them known as Green Campus.

With various cultures meet, the application of Green Campus must be done with clear regulation. Sustainable

transportation called bicycle is a potential transportation to be develop. The purpose of the research is to get

factors that should be prioritized in effort to increase cycling activities within campus based on the assessment

by the respondents. The result of the assessment is processed by analysis of four priority quadrants of

Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Based on the analysis of four quadrants, three priorities are

recommended for improvement. These factors are grouped in first priority, second priority, and third priority.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is country with 250 different tribes

accompanied by diversity on languages and religions

(Center for Data and Statistics of Education and

Culture, 2016). Multiculturalism need to be concern

because these differences. A treatment is required to

avoid division because of the difference. Efforts

leading for the preparation of the future generations

within the culturally heterogeneous are reflected in

modern world education strategies (Kusa, J., Sladová,

J., & Kopecký, 2014). Education that becomes a place

for diversity should be accompanied with an

organized program, especially in countries with high

diversity.

The development of world economy without

considering the environmental impacts carried out an

issue called sustainable development. From

sustainable development knowledge platform, aim to

keep the economic progress simultaneously with

protecting the environment for long term periods.

Seeing this issue, University as one of educational

institution began to develop various programs based

on sustainable development, one of them known as

green campus.

This research was conducted at one of the

universities in Indonesia which has been focusing in

Green Campus since the year 2013. Bicycles become

one of the friendly vehicles which have potential to

developed as a green campus transportation in

Sebelas Maret University. Evaluation is needed for

applying Green Campus. This research is to analyze

the factors that become priority to increase cycling

activity in UNS campus. Importance Performance

Analysis will give the result by interest assessment

and performance assessment from academics about

factors must be prioritized for improvement cycling

activities within campus. This research using

Importance Performance Analysis to produce

recommendation based from assessments of

employees and students about cycling activities.

Campus Transport Management (CTM) is the

application of Transport Demand Management to the

campus environment (Victoria Transport Policy

Institute, 2015). The CTM program to increase the

choice of transportation and reduce the number of

trips by car by students on the campus environment.

Non-motorized transportation is one of CTM's

programs on non-machine transport activities which

are walking and cycling. Cycling is known as a clean

and sustainable mode of transportation that is an

160

Handayani, D., Husin, N., Rini, E. and Nurhadi, K.

Priority Factor Analysis to Improve Cycling Activities in Campus: Study Case - Sebelas Maret University.

DOI: 10.5220/0010004200002917

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Laws, Arts and Humanities (BINUS-JIC 2018), pages 160-164

ISBN: 978-989-758-515-9

important part of the intermodal plan for sustainable

urban travel. The use of bicycles in campus can be

done as a contribution of educational institutions as

realization of an environmentally friendly campus.

The use of bicycles as one of the alternative

vehicles that need to be developed, because the future

development of alternative fuel for vehicle needs is

increasingly limited (Hanavie, A., & Setiawan, 2014).

Study case at Sebelas Maret University showed that

bicycles became the second choice of

environmentally friendly vehicles after the use of bus

on the campus. Bicycle is one option of vehicles that

support the movement of green campus (Rustomo, O.

B., Handayani, D., & Legowo, 2015).

2 METHODOLOGY

Location of the research at Sebelas Maret University

Surakarta address at Jalan Ir. Sutami No 36A,

Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Sampling

using the method of taking Non-Probability Sampling

with Purposive Sampling technique. The number of

respondents used is determined by Isaac and Michael

formula, with 5% significance level. From the

calculation, the results found for respondents is 380

respondents minimum. The result of the assessment

is processed by analysis of four priority quadrants of

Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Based on

the analysis of four quadrants, three priorities are

recommended for improvement. This research using

Likert scale given by the respondents. Table 1 show

the variable used as factors (Husin, 2018) that will be

divided into four quadrant priorities.

Table 1: Variable as cycling factor priority.

Variable Description

Variable 1 Ease of c

clin

within campus

Variable 2

Availability of cycling access within

campus

Variable 3 Safet

for c

clin

within campus

Variable 4

Safety cycling to cross inside the

campus

Variable 5 Road pavement for cycling

Variable 6 Shade street for c

clin

activities

Variable 7 Li

htin

at ni

Variable 8 Parkin

spaces for bic

cles

Variable 9 Location of bike parkin

Variable 10 Securit

of bike parkin

Variable 11 Role of c

clin

activit

from facult

Variable 12 Socialization for c

clin

Variable 13 Award for c

clist on campus

Variable 14

Availability of community / Activity

for c

clin

Activities

3 ANALYSIS AND RESULT

3.1 Validity and Reliability Analysis

The validity of this research using bivariate Pearson

with 5% significance level with r table distribution

value (r critical) 0.339. The lowest validity score for

indicate performance was 0.381 and score for indicate

importance was 0.487. This shows the fourteen

variables have fulfilled the validity test requirement.

Alpha Cronbach formula used for reliability analysis

in this research is as Table 2.

Table 2: Reliability analysis.

Results Description

0,871 Performance

Assessment b

Studen

0.904 Assessment of

Importance b

Students

0.870 Performance

Assessment b

Emplo

ees

0.904 Assessment of

Importance b

Emplo

ees

From the results, the reliability values obtained

perfect reliability and high reliability.

Respondent’s Characteristic

Using transportation within the campus, 82%

students and 68% employees using motorcycles to

have mobility within campus. Total users using

motorcycles is 84% while users of bicycle are 1% that

used by students. This shows that user of bike

transportation within campus is very low.

Frequency of using bicycle in daily activities

shows 70% of students never use bicycles within a

month. The next largest percentage found that 11% of

students use bicycles for daily activities are more than

four times a month. For the employees, as much as

79% of employees never use the bike for daily

activities. The next largest percentage of employees

is 18% using bicycle more than four times a month.

This indicates that the use of bicycles has the potential

to be developed within the campus due to the habit of

using bicycles in daily activities.

In the last three months 94% of students never use

bikes on campus. Similarly, 94% of employee

respondents never use bikes for activity on campus.

This shows that the academics of UNS almost never

use bikes on campus.

Importance Performance Analysis

Assessment given by 377 students and 34 employees

was calculated on average for each variable. The

Priority Factor Analysis to Improve Cycling Activities in Campus: Study Case - Sebelas Maret University

161

value of x and y of each variable will be placed

according to the calculation result. Then the average

value of total results is used as a quadrant divisor

border. Table 3 is the result of calculating the average

score given [6].

Table 3: Average assessment from student and employee.

The results of subsequent average calculations are

plotted according to the values of x and y obtained

from each variable. Figure 1 and figure 2 are the result

of assessment analysis with IPA method.

Figure 1: Importance performance analysis of student

assessment.

Figure 2: Importance performance analysis of employee

assessment.

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 First Factors to Improve

Priority)

As top priority and should be improved because of the

low performance appraisal with the high importance.

Bicycle parking space has been the result from

students and employee assessment. The dock or

parking space for bicycles will increase the activity of

cycling activities (Campbell, A. A., Cherry, C. R.,

Ryerson, M. S., & Yang, 2016). This can be

understood because with the parking space for bicycle

will trigger the interest of the campus community to

cycling. With the parking space, academics feels

bicycle can be placed safely. To improve cycling

activities within campus, needs to done the addition

of parking space for bicycle. The next factor is street

lighting at night. Supported that adequate

illumination in the dark becomes a factor in cycling

activity (Engels, 2016). Current conditions found

when dark, it found street lighting has not been spread

evenly. Seeing the lighting at night has a high

influence and interest for cycling activities, the

recommended policy is to add street lighting within

the campus. Another factor included in the first

priority according to the student assessment is the

location of bike parking placement. The results of the

assessment of student accordance (Hanavie, A., &

Setiawan, 2014) which reveals bicycle parking close

to the lecture building will affect the student's desire

to cycling. The results of the assessment given by the

students as the largest academics group making this

factor into the main priority. The policy should be

taken is to bicycle parking for students at each main

building where the collage activities. Next factor as a

top priority according to the employee is the role of

faculty in cycling activities. This factor is

development from research on the movement in

support of Green Campus (Sumabrata, J., Tjahjono,

T., & Gituri, 2015). The existence of faculty

involvement in cycling activities becomes a new

finding as a factor that has a major influence in

increasing cycling activities. This factor is also a top

priority for cycling activities within the campus. This

can be used as a feature of the Indonesian state where

the role forcing will give major effect. From the result

of the analysis it is good to set rules for using bikes

within the campus once a week or once a month.

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4.2 Next Factors after Major Factors

Priority)

Safety in cycling activities on the streets inside the

campus becomes the second priority in improving

cycling activities. Performance and importance

analysis show safety to avoid accidents while in touch

with other modes of transportation within the campus

already good, and the importance of safety when

cycling within the campus is also high. These results

support study which says safety is important

especially with special lane (Sumabrata, J., Tjahjono,

T., & Gituri, 2015). It can be done is to provide

markers lane and signs on the road along the campus

for bicycle. The safety factor of bicycle users when

crossing the campus supported from the research that

safety factor to cross is important in cycling activities

(Sumabrata, J., Tjahjono, T., & Gituri, 2015). The

policy that can be done is to install some careful signs

of cycling vehicles at intersections inside the campus

to remind other vehicles. The shade of the road for

cycling supported (Utama, D. C., & Sugiri, 2014) that

protection of unfavorable weather will affect the

desire for cycling. Improved performance that can be

done by planting shady trees on the roadside within

the campus that is still exposed to direct sunlight. The

next factor included in the 2nd priority is the safety of

the bicycle parking. The results of this interest

assessment support (Hanavie, A., & Setiawan, 2014)

that parking safety has a high level of importance,

especially seeing the bike easier to be stolen than

other vehicles. Policies that can be done is to make a

bicycle parking with lock facilities. Another factor is

the road pavement, road surfaces suitable for cycling

are important things (Sumabrata, J., Tjahjono, T., &

Gituri, 2015). Seeing the usage of paving has a

weakness in the resistance to accept repetition load.

Fixing the bumpy paving road as a daily activity can

be applied. According to employees, the second

priority is the ease for cycling. These results support

research about the convenient for cycling and

improving cycling activities is about the bicycle

lending named bike-sharing (Utama, D. C., & Sugiri,

2014). Seeing the condition of the hilly surfaces, it

can be handled by using bicycle with special facilities

for hilly areas. Accessibility for cycling as a second

priority on employee assessment. This is supported

research about the importance of special access to

improve the convenience of bicycle users

(Sumabrata, J., Tjahjono, T., & Gituri, 2015). Policies

can be done is to provide a lane for the bike along the

road inside the campus.

5 FACTORS TO BE IMPROVED

WITHOUT BEST RESOURCES

PRIORITY)

The socialization activities for cycling within the

campus have low performance and are considered not

to have a high level of importance. This factor can be

socialized at university event, especially related to the

students. Awarding for bike users on campus is

placed in the 3rd priorities in both employee and

student perspective. The policy that can be done for

employees or students is to give bike prizes in some

university events. The availability of community or

activities for cycling together. On the results of

characteristic analysis, the use of bicycles within the

campus are more than 90% of UNS academics never

use bikes inside the campus. Interesting to point out

the results of the characteristic analysis of the

frequency of the use of bike transport modes in daily

activities with the results using bicycle more than four

times a month is on the second largest number of

students and employee daily frequency (Husin,

2018). This shows there is great potential for

improving cycling activities within the campus, due

to the academic’s habit of daily activities. To build

cycling activities in the campus environment, a policy

can be done by establishing a cycling activity unit or

community.

6 CONCLUSION

The priority factors in improving cycling activities in

Sebelas Maret University as follows:

1) Priority I (Main factor to be Improved): Parking

space for bicycle, strategic bike parking location

for student, night lighting, faculty roles in

cycling activities.

2) Priority II (Factors are improved after the main

factors): safety for on-campus cycling, safety

levels for crossing within campus, street shade

for cycling, bike parking safety, pavement

conditions for cycling.

3) Priority III (Factors to be improved without best

resources): Socialization for on-campus cycling,

awards for cyclist on campus, availability of joint

cycling activities, faculty roles for cycling

activities.

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