Mechanics in DDoS: A Study of Layer 4 and Layer 7 Threat Vectors

Mohammed Qadir Ternikar, Aisha Karigar, Niranjan Desai, Vanashree Nandaganve, Vaishali Y. Parab

2025

Abstract

Denial of Service (DoS) / Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks remain a persistent threat to network infrastructure, causing severe service disruptions and resource exhaustion. This study explores a range of DDoS attack methodologies across Layer 7 (Application Layer) and Layer 4 (Transport Layer), including advanced techniques such as Cloudflare Bypass (cfb), HTTP/2 request floods, and spoofing attacks, executed with custom Python scripts. By systematically launching these attacks on test systems, we assessed their impact on network latency, downtime, packet rates (PPS), bandwidth consumption (BPS), and resource utilization (CPU and memory). Comprehensive monitoring was conducted during the attacks, leveraging tools for real-time traffic analysis and resource tracking to capture critical performance metrics. This enabled a detailed understanding of how various attack vectors compromise system stability and degrade network performance. Our findings highlight distinct signatures and patterns associated with each attack type, providing valuable insights into their operational characteristics. This study underscores the importance of robust monitoring systems that detect and analyze attack behavior in real-time. The results serve as a reference for security practitioners to refine their detection mechanisms and response strategies against increasingly sophisticated DDoS threats.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Ternikar M., Karigar A., Desai N., Nandaganve V. and Parab V. (2025). Mechanics in DDoS: A Study of Layer 4 and Layer 7 Threat Vectors. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Futuristic Technology - Volume 2: INCOFT; ISBN 978-989-758-763-4, SciTePress, pages 404-413. DOI: 10.5220/0013593200004664

in Bibtex Style

@conference{incoft25,
author={Mohammed Qadir Ternikar and Aisha Karigar and Niranjan Desai and Vanashree Nandaganve and Vaishali Parab},
title={Mechanics in DDoS: A Study of Layer 4 and Layer 7 Threat Vectors},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Futuristic Technology - Volume 2: INCOFT},
year={2025},
pages={404-413},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0013593200004664},
isbn={978-989-758-763-4},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Futuristic Technology - Volume 2: INCOFT
TI - Mechanics in DDoS: A Study of Layer 4 and Layer 7 Threat Vectors
SN - 978-989-758-763-4
AU - Ternikar M.
AU - Karigar A.
AU - Desai N.
AU - Nandaganve V.
AU - Parab V.
PY - 2025
SP - 404
EP - 413
DO - 10.5220/0013593200004664
PB - SciTePress