Enhancing Anonymity for Electric Vehicles in the ISO 15118 Plug-and-Charge

Nethmi Hettiarachchi, Kalikinkar Mandal, Saqib Hakak

2025

Abstract

ISO 15118 is a standard protocol family that enables the plug-and-charge (PnC) functionality in the electric vehicle (EV) charging architecture. To initiate a charging session, an EV must first authenticate to the charging point (CP) by establishing a TLS connection using its X.509 certificate, followed by authorisation and billing at the end of charging. In this work, we first analyse the privacy of EVs with respect to the information exchanged during the ISO 15118 authentication, charging authorization and billing procedure. We discovered a significant privacy leakage in the current standard, where the initial authentication phase and the billing expose sensitive information that enables various attacks such as charging session linking, EV fingerprinting, profiling and resumption attacks against EV. To address this privacy issue, we first propose an efficient mutual authentication protocol for ISO 15118 PnC that protects the privacy of EVs, including identity and location, against the CP. We analyse the security of our protocol using the Tamarin formal verification tool. The protocol is implemented with various standardised cryptographic schemes and evaluated on different device platforms.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Hettiarachchi N., Mandal K. and Hakak S. (2025). Enhancing Anonymity for Electric Vehicles in the ISO 15118 Plug-and-Charge. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Security and Cryptography - Volume 1: SECRYPT; ISBN 978-989-758-760-3, SciTePress, pages 475-482. DOI: 10.5220/0013571700003979

in Bibtex Style

@conference{secrypt25,
author={Nethmi Hettiarachchi and Kalikinkar Mandal and Saqib Hakak},
title={Enhancing Anonymity for Electric Vehicles in the ISO 15118 Plug-and-Charge},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Security and Cryptography - Volume 1: SECRYPT},
year={2025},
pages={475-482},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0013571700003979},
isbn={978-989-758-760-3},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Security and Cryptography - Volume 1: SECRYPT
TI - Enhancing Anonymity for Electric Vehicles in the ISO 15118 Plug-and-Charge
SN - 978-989-758-760-3
AU - Hettiarachchi N.
AU - Mandal K.
AU - Hakak S.
PY - 2025
SP - 475
EP - 482
DO - 10.5220/0013571700003979
PB - SciTePress