Study on Air Pollution Status of “2+26” Cities in

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas from 2016 to 2020

Jiaxin Lin

Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China

Keywords:

Air Quality in 338 Cities, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Air Pollution, Consultation Management.

Abstract:

This paper compares the air pollution control status of 338 prefecture-level and above cities in China with.

“2+26” cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas during 2016-2020, and finds that the air

pollution control level of “2+26” cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas is significantly lower

than the national average level. On the one hand, cities with good air quality accounted for 81.9% of the 338

cities, rising from 78.6% in 2016 to 84.7% in 2020, while cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the

surrounding “2+26” cities with good air quality on average accounted for 33.5% of the cities with less than

50% of the days, from 34.4% in 2016 to 22% in 2020;On the other hand, the average concentration values of

major pollutants in 338 cities were lower than those in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and 0

concentration

values showed an increasing trend during the treatment period. Thus, we should adhere to the policy

orientation in the future, continue to promote air pollution control for major pollutants, especially for 0

scientific and effective consultation treatment.

1 INTRODUCTION

The report to the 19th National Congress of the

Communist Party of China (CPC) in October 2017

clearly identified pollution prevention and control as

one of the three critical battles, stressing the need to

solve prominent environmental problems (Xi, 2017).

In June 2018 issued by the central committee of the

communist party of China, the State Council

"Strengthening ecological environment protection

are firmly lay the pollution prevention and control of

battle opinions, put forward the implementation of

winning blue sky battle battle plan, three years is

given priority to with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei key area

and around the battlefield, adjusting and optimizing

industrial structure, energy structure, the structure of

the transportation and land use structure. Win at the

same time, the blue sky battle action plan for three

years after 3 years hard work, greatly reduce the

major air pollutants emissions, synergy to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions, to further reduce the

concentration of fine particles (PM

2.5

) obviously,

significantly reduce the heavy pollution days,

significantly improve the air environmental quality,

significantly improve the people's happiness in the

blue sky.

In August 2018, the state and local governments

jointly issued the 2018-2019 Autumn and Winter

Action Plan for Comprehensive Air Pollution Control

in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and its

Neighboring Areas (hereinafter referred to as the

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Action Plan). The Action Plan

defines the specific scope of implementation and

proposes to adhere to the problem-oriented approach.

Based on the industrial structure, energy structure,

transport structure and land structure adjustment and

optimization (MEE,2018). However, due to the

significant increase in the emission of air pollutants

due to the demand for heating and relatively

unfavorable meteorological conditions, heavy

pollution weather in autumn and winter occurs

frequently in cities (Li, 2021). Under the premise of

a series of national policies and actions, this paper

aims to compare the changes of air quality between

338 cities in China and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

region.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this paper, based on statistical methods, ecological

environmental protection for China urban air quality

in 2016-2020 published monthly data analysis (MEE,

1230

Lin, J.

Study on Air Pollution Status of “2+26” Cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas from 2016 to 2020.

DOI: 10.5220/0011390500003443

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics (ICBEB 2022), pages 1230-1234

ISBN: 978-989-758-595-1

2020), The average value is obtained to compare the

air quality with the main pollutants in the city.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Air Quality Has Been Continuously

Improved in 338 Cities Across the

Country

Figure 1. shows that ,according to the assessment of

the Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095-

2012)in 2020, the average number of days with good

air quality in 338 cities at or above the prefecture

level is 87.1%, the number of days with mild

pollution is 9.8%, the number of days with moderate

pollution is 1.9%, and the number of days with severe

or above pollution is 1.2%.Compared with last year,

the proportion of days with good quality increased by

5 percentage points, and the proportion of days with

heavy pollution or above decreased by 0.5 percentage

points. Compared with 2016, the proportion of days

with good quality increased by 8.5 percentage points,

and the proportion of days with heavy pollution or

above decreased by 1.5 percentage points. The

proportion of good days is increasing while that of

polluted days is decreasing.

Figure 1: Percentage of average air quality days in 338 cities from 2016 to 2020 (%)..

Table 1. shows that in 2020, the average

concentration of PM

2.5

, PM

, SO

and NO

32.6μg/m

, 55.9μg/m

, 10.1μg/m

and 24.3μg/m

respectively, in 338 cities at or above the prefecture

level. Compared with 2016, there are different

degrees of decline. However, O

daily maximum 8-

hour average 90th percentile concentration averaged

120.1μg/m

, an increase of 3.1% compared to

2016.Therefore, there are prominent problems in O

treatment.

Table 1: Average concentration of major pollutants in338 cities from 2016 to 2020.

Year PM

2.5

(μg/m

) PM

(μg/m

) SO

(μg/m

)

(μg/m

)

(μg/m

)

2016 46.8 82.4 22.3 30.2 116.9

2017 44.1 78.9 18.4 30.9 126.9

2018 39.5 71.8 14.4 29.2 130.1

2019 36.3 63.8 11.3 27.1 123.9

2020 32.6 55.9 10.1 24.3 120.1

78,6

78,2

80,9

82,1

87,1

14,9

15,5

14,5

13,3

9,8

3,8 3,8

3,1

2,9

1,9

2,7

2,5

1,5

1,7

1,2

100

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Good Light pollution

Moderate pollution Severe and above pollution

Study on Air Pollution Status of “2+26” Cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas from 2016 to 2020

1231

3.2 The Air Pollution Control Situation

in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Its

Surrounding "2+26" Cities Is Not

Optimistic

3.2.1 The Average Number of Days with

Good Air Quality in "2+26" Cities in

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and

Surrounding Areas Was Fewer from

2016 to 2020

Statistics show that, the average number of days with

good air quality in "2+26" cities in the Beijing-

Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas was

63.5%in 2020, an increase of 10.4% year on year and

That was an increase of 6.3% compared with 2016,

and air quality continued to improve.

Figure 1. shows that the "less than 50%"

proportion of "2+26" cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

and its surrounding areas has the highest value of

42.6% in 2019, and the "80%~100%" proportion of

cities has the highest value of 9.2%. In 2020, the

proportion of "22%" and "24%" respectively. In

2020, the average air quality in the "2+26" cities in

the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding

areas will reach a record high. It can be seen from

Figure 2 that the change of average air quality in

"2+26" cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and

surrounding areas mainly depends on the fluctuating

changes of "less than 50%" and "between 80% and

100%". Only 25 percent of the cities had good days

on more than 80 percent of the days, while only 25

percent had good weather, reflecting the severe air

pollution in the "2+26" cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-

Hebei region and surrounding areas.

Figure 2: Percentage of average days of “2+26”urban air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2016 to 2020

3.2.2 Emission Status of Major Air

Pollutantsin "2+26" Cities in Beijing-

Tianjin-Hebei and Surrounding Areas

By comparing Fig. 3 with Fig. 4, it can be found that,

firstly, the average concentration of major air

pollutants in 338 cities decreased by 144%, SO

, and

increased by 2.6%. Second, the largest decrease in

the average concentration of major air pollutants in

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding "2+26" cities

was SO

, which decreased by 121%, while O

increased by 2.7 percent. Finally, on the whole, the

average concentration of major air pollutants in

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding "2+26" cities

34,4

35,1

33,4

42,6

49,5

47,8

53,3

48,2

16,1

17,1

12,3

9,2

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Less than 50% 50-80% 80-100% 100%

ICBEB 2022 - The International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics

1232

Figure 3: Average concentration of major pollutants in 338

cities from 2016 to 2020

was higher than the average level of 338 cities, and

the average decrease rate of major air pollutants was

lower than that of 338 cities.

It is worth noting that the average concentration

of O

, a major air pollutant, dropped in 338 cities after

reaching a high value in 2018, while the cities in the

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas

peaked in 2019 in the"2+26"region. This change

should be closely related to the implementation of

“the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Action Plan”.

3.3 Factors of O

Pollution Control in

"2+26" Cities in Beijing-Tianjin-

Hebei and Surrounding Areas

The generation of ozone is mainly affected by the

synergistic effects of its precursors VOCs and NOx

emissions. However, different regions in China are

sensitive to different levels of ozone precursors, so it

is necessary to carry out regional prevention and

control

of ozone pollution areas (Zhang, 2021). The

Figure 4: Average concentration of major pollutants in

“2+26”cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2016 to

2020.

concentration of "2+26" O

in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

and its surrounding areas showed a trend of high in

the south and low in the north. The geographical

location difference and its distance had a great

influence on the uniformity distribution of ozone

concentration in different cities (Yao, 2020). The

"2+26" cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and

its surrounding areas are the transport channels for air

pollution in the region, with the most severe air

pollution. Geographic location, meteorological

conditions, industrial structure, energy consumption

and emission reduction policies are the most

important factors affecting the air quality change of

"2+26" cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its

surrounding areas from 2016 to 2020.

46,8

44,1

39,5

36,3

32,6

82,4

78,9

71,8

63,8

55,9

22,3

18,4

14,4

11,3

10,1

30,2

30,9

29,2

27,1

24,3

116,9

126,9

130,1

123,9

120,1

100

120

140

160

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

PM2.5 （μg/m3）

PM10（μg/m3）

SO2 （μg/m3）

NO2 （μg/m3）

70,3

64,5

57,8

56,7

51,3

118,4

115,7

106,5

100,3

86,6

30,7

24,8

19,2

15,2

12,6

46,9

43,2

39,6

140,5

141,6

142,1

147,7

144,2

100

120

140

160

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

PM2.5 （μg/m3）

PM10（μg/m3）

SO2 （μg/m3）

NO2 （μg/m3）

Study on Air Pollution Status of “2+26” Cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas from 2016 to 2020

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4 CONCLUSION

The study shows that O

is the most prominent and

typical pollutant in "2+26" urban air in Beijing-

Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas. O

emission

control will become the core task of pollution control

in the future. On the one hand, ozone generation

mechanism, distribution characteristics and influence

factors should be analyzed and identified from their

own laws, identification and understanding of O

risk

areas, influence factors, influence characteristics and

control effects, to further alleviate urban air pollution

is of vital importance (Zhao, 2021).The

spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and

influencing factors of urban air pollution are mainly

studied from a single pollutant or a single

perspective, while the overall understanding of urban

air pollution is a complex and dynamic ecosystem

combining human and nature. On the other hand, we

will continue to promote air pollution prevention and

reduction measures and efforts, and give full play to

the most important role of good policies in ensuring

the continuous improvement of air quality in "2+26"

cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding

areas (Li, 2021). We will uphold the belief that man

and nature are a community of life, and improve a

multi-faceted air pollution control system with the

government playing the leading role, the market

playing the main role and the public participating.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This paper is one of the periodic achievements of

"Research on Xi Jinping's Ecological Civilization

Thought" (Project No.2019JD710044), a special task

project of Humanities and Social Science Research of

the Ministry of Education in 2019; One of the

periodic achievements of "Research on the

Construction of Eco-environmental Community and

Its Legal Protection" (Project No.

2021WKYXZD001), a key liberal arts project of the

basic business funds of the central universities in

2021.

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