Intelligent Thermal Accumulator Operation Control System based on

Renewable Energy Sources

N. M. Tasmurzayev, B. S. Amangeldy, Y. S. Nurakhov, D. Zh. Akhmed-Zaki and Zh. E. Baigarayeva

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi ave.,71, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Keywords: Intelligent Control System, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Programmable Logic

Controller (PLC), Open Platform Communication (OPC), Green Technology.

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the software and hardware implementation of an intelligent control system for

optimal use of solar thermal energy and geothermal energy accumulator for heating and hot water supply of

residential areas, multi-storey buildings, greenhouses with the highest possible efficiency. To achieve

maximum results, the system complies with the Industry 4.0 concept and uses a multi-level management and

monitoring structure such as Web dispatching, local and global system management and monitoring, cloud

and local data storage, cloud and local management and monitoring, emergency notification and changes in

the system via web technologies.

1 INTRODUCTION

Currently, for heating and hot water supply, energy is

used from coal-fired thermal power plants with

outdated low-efficiency systems. The sun is a huge,

inexhaustible, absolutely safe source of energy. Of all

the types of renewable energy sources known to us,

geothermal energy is the most attractive in terms of

continuous operation. It does not depend on the

weather in a given area, the sun (Tverskoy, 2021) is

shining or not, the wind is blowing or not. The

advantages of such systems include inexhaustibility,

stability, compactness and convenience for difficult

areas, environmental friendliness, the possibility of

parallel mining. In view of the fact that there is a

decrease in hydrocarbon reserves in the world with a

simultaneous increase in the rate of energy

consumption, solar energy (Spitsyn, 2022) should be

considered not only as a win-win, but also in the long

term as an uncontested choice for humanity.

The technology of seasonal accumulation of solar

thermal energy is intended for storing large quantities

of solar thermal energy in an underground heat

accumulator and in accumulators for further use of the

accumulated thermal energy in space heating and hot

water supply systems. The developed technology

solves the problems associated with daily and seasonal

changes (Kuznetsov, 2017) in the intensity of solar

radiation, which allows the technology to function as a

heat supply system all year round, regardless of time

and weather conditions. The purpose of the automated

control system is to maintain the established modes of

the technological process by monitoring technological

parameters, influencing and changing them, issuing

commands to execution mechanisms and visually

displaying data on the state of the production process

and technological equipment, execution tools. The

functions of the automated control system TP include

Emergency Prevention, analysis of controlled values,

remote control, stabilization of mode parameters and

technological indicators. Automation helps to achieve

the main goals of the company's policy in internal and

quality issues. The principle of operation (Phillips-

Wren, 2008) of automation systems is based on

measuring the parameters of the technological process

using intelligent measuring instruments and

subsequent control of the technological process, its

changing effects.

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE

GENERAL SYSTEM

The system is a software and hardware complex for

optimal adjustment of the temperature mode.

Intelligent control unit system depending on

temperature, water level and pressure received from

sensors; flow meters; shut-off valves and signal

pumps can remotely control shut-off valves, control

the flow rate of heat carriers in heat exchangers, turn

Tasmurzayev, N., Amangeldy, B., Nurakhov, Y., Akhmed-Zaki, D. and Baigarayeva, Z.

Intelligent Thermal Accumulator Operation Control System based on Renewable Energy Sources.

DOI: 10.5220/0011319300003271

In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO 2022), pages 737-742

ISBN: 978-989-758-585-2; ISSN: 2184-2809

737

on or off solar collectors, pumps, or change the

direction of flow in pipes.

Small circuit - circuit from solar collector to heat

storage. The inlet and outlet are equipped with

temperature sensors and solenoid valves. There is a

circulation pump for each individual circuit. Large

circuit - circuit from accumulator heat to consumption

terminal. On the way to the terminal there is a

connection with solenoid valves and a distribution

system (Averkin, 2020).

3 DATA COLLECTING MODULE

To transfer data from the actuators to the upper level,

the ModBus TCP protocol is organized over TCP / IP.

The structure of client-server relationships is used. On

the client side, port 502 is specified. Older automated

systems used RS-485 serial communication lines.

Since today ModBus TCP is more reliable and

advanced, this technology is used in the system. The

Figure 1: System architecture.

Figure 2: Scheme of layer 1 part 1.

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Figure 3: Scheme of layer 1 part 2.

ModBus protocol reads data from the PLC registers for

certain functions. Read and write functions are

specified from the PLC and OPC server side. The data

from the PLC via the ModBus TCP protocol is

received by the OPC server. In the OPC server the IP

address is specified and a data collection node with

certain read and write functions has been created

(Duarte, 2021).

4 CONTROL MODULE

Regardless of the PLC logic, the SCADA (Chuan,

2021; Wertani, 2008) system has its own error

handling logic, a system for alerting about accidents

and warnings, sending a message to a specific

addressee, sending an SMS message, archiving and

storing an event in a database.

Data from the PLC and all internal processes of

the system are stored in the server database. MySQL

is selected as the DBMS. Specified Port 3306, login

and password.

With the help of SCADA (Aydin, 2020) system

scripts, a table is directly created and the database

columns are filled. The script supports SQL

commands.

The intellectual component of the system consists

of two modules: an analysis module and a decision-

making module.

It is possible to view the selected data in the form

of graphs and tables and in the form of a report with

a choice of period and device (Dubolazova, 2019).

Changes in the system, accidents of certain

degrees, warnings are notified through the Telegram

bot, Yandex Alice. The connection with the Telegram

bot is created using tokens. The link to Yandex Alice

was created using the UID. All notification properties

of the event and trigger are configured and specified

in the cloud (Aleio, 2018).

Figure 4: Input data structure.

The interface allows direct control of fieldbuses

and actuators in real time.

The implementation of a SCADA system gives

the enterprise the following advantages:

• A continuous real-time data exchange system

is established through special drivers.

• All incoming information is processed in real

time.

• Obtaining an easy-to-use human-machine

interface

• Availability of a database with data on the

progress of all technological operations of the

enterprise.

In a SCADA system, data is read from the OPC

server and assigned to specific variables. When read,

specific OPC servers with a specific address are

indicated.

Intelligent Thermal Accumulator Operation Control System based on Renewable Energy Sources

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Figure 5: SCADA system.

The following main parts of the SCADA system

can be distinguished:

• base of tags;

• graphic display module;

• script processor.

5 RESULTS

There is an architecture of automated process control

system. In this scheme we will go from down to up.

There are actuators and sensors in the lower level. We

took 2 types of sensors in this project. We have PT100

and PT1000. These sensors are designed to measure

temperature. They are submerged and they are

invasive. Invasive is because they are screwed into

the inside of pipes with hot water supply, and they

describe the temperature according to the principle of

changing the resistance in the network. It turns out

that the more, for example, resistive resistances or

less, they change the data.

About 10 temperature sensors (PT100, PT1000)

are used in this project. They connect to our PLC, they

feed data in the form of analog signals and connect to

analog and PLC paths, as a PLC controller we used

Segnetics SMH2G controllers and from this

controller we sent via Ethernet module to our Cloud

OPC server. We used the Oven OPC server as an OPC

server, it is free and we can use it to store our data or

process our data. As a SCADA system, we took the

Simple SCADA program.

Next, we have a PC ARM smartphone, ARM is an

automated workplace and an ARM smartphone, they

serve to output data from sensors, from the system for

the user so that he can see and understand it, even a

user far from this sphere could understand what is

described and shown here. This is the architecture of

this system.

Figure 6: The control panel.

Control box dimensions 800mm in length,

650mm in width and 250mm in height. The SMH2G

controller has an Ethernet port that support ModBus

protocol and it has a display, it shows data from

temperature sensors. Here we have data from the

PT100 and PT1000 sensors connected, and they are

connected to our controller. They are powered by a

24V power supply and they are connected to the

analog paths of our controller. This is our FMR

extension module. Our controller has very few inputs

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and outputs, and this module is designed to increase

input and output cells. These are our control relays,

they are needed to control the valves. We have 10

valves and 10 pumps located there. The relay is

needed to control valves and pumps with a controller

control signal. The controller sends a signal to the

relay, and the supply voltage comes to the relay and

the relay closes, as it were, and the valve or pump

stops working. And as soon as the controller sends a

working signal, these valves operate at a voltage of

250V, and the control signal is 24V without a

controller. The controller sends a 24V signal to the

relay, the relay closes and blocks the 250V voltage

that flows through it and feeds our pumps and valves.

This is our 24V power supply, it is designed to power

our controller, which is powered by 24V and

expansion modules and Ethernet data transfer

modules. The Ethernet module is needed in order to

transfer data to the OPIS server and the cloud. And

also on the control panel there are control switches for

entering into automatic and manual mode and

completely shutting down the system during

emergencies.

Figure 7: Implemented intelligent control system in the

mosque «Koksay».

Here we have PT100, PT1000 sensors, valves,

control pumps and the SMH2G controller, which is

programmed in FBD (function block diagram). Each

of devices has a ModBus IP address. This system is

located in the Koksay Mosque. It is fully operational

and has already been put into operation. It is designed

to manage excess energy from the solar collector for

heating the system which is in the form of hot water

supply and floor heating. All logic is based on this

control panel. It controls the actuators of this system.

6 CONCLUSIONS

The paper considers an approach to the software and

hardware implementation of an intelligent control

system. The technical result has an increase in the

optimization factor and functionality due to the

structure of management and monitoring and the

model of an intelligent system.

The functionality of the system with the help of an

intelligent automated system allows you to minimize

human influence, increase the efficiency of the

system, manage and monitor all states in the system

locally and remotely, analyse and investigate data in

a certain period of time, identify violations and

failures of elements and sections of the system,

optimize all workers processes (Kozadaev, 2021).

The developed intelligent automated system

solves the problems associated with daily and

seasonal fluctuations in the intensity of solar

radiation, which allows the developed technology to

function as a centralized heat supply system all year

round, regardless of the time of day and weather

conditions.

Using green energy and storing thermal energy in

underground batteries is a conceptually new approach

to energy supply. The advantages of the technology

are its environmental friendliness and versatility. This

technology can replace thermal power plants

operating on fossil fuels such as coal or gas, heat

power plants operating on environmentally hazardous

ones. The system is easily scaled and can operate for

many years without interruption and is safe for the

environment. In addition, the developed model of an

intelligent work automation system can be applied not

only in heat power engineering, but also in other

industries and automation, such as Smart City, work

line automation in production, food industry,

chemical industry.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was funded by grant of Ministry of

Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

№BR10965311 "Development of intelligent

information and telecommunication systems for

Intelligent Thermal Accumulator Operation Control System based on Renewable Energy Sources

741

urban infrastructure: transport, ecology, energy and

data analytics in the Smart City concept" (2021-

2023).

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