Effect of Helianthus Tuberosus Straw and Sheep Manure Ratio on

Growth and Fruit Quality of Pepper

Xiangyun Lou

, Xiaoqiang Wei

, Guangnan Zhang

, Yi Li

and Qiwen Zhong

Qinghai University Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology of

Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China

Keywords: Fermented, Erusalem Artichoke Straw, Substrate Cultivation, Pepper, Quality and Yield.

Abstract:

Helianthus tuberosus is an emerging economic crop that has developed rapidly in Northwest China in recent

years. Its straw biomass is large, but its utilization rate is still low at present. To solve the problem of combined

utilization, this paper carried out a study on the appropriate ratio of Helianthus tuberosus fermented stalks and

sheep manure in the substrate cultivation of different varieties of pepper. The results showed that when the

ratio of Helianthus tuberosus stalks to sheep manure is 1:3, the physical and chemical properties of two

different pepper varieties, such as pH and aeration porosity, are better than the seedling substrate treatment

within a reasonable range after 100 days of cultivation; the soluble sugar and vitamin C content of the two

pepper fruits are significantly higher than the seedling substrate treatment, reaching 71.59mg/g and 102.95

mg/g, respectively; compared with the seedling substrate treatment, the yield of the two peppers increased by

3% and 5% respectively. Therefore, the suitable substrate ratio for pepper cultivation is: V

Helianthus tuberosus straw

sheep manure

: V

substrate soil

: V

perlite

: V

vermiculite

=1: 3: 3: 1: 1.

1 INTRODUCTION

Helianthus tuberosus (Helianthus tuberosus L.), a

perennial herb with strong adaptability, has the

characteristics of cold and drought resistance, barren

tolerance, and strong stress resistance. It is an

extensive plant (Wu, 2013; Xue, 2017). The above-

ground stems and leaves of Helianthus tuberosus

have high protein, sugar and other nutrients, and the

biomass accounts for 40%-50% of the total plant (Li,

2011). Each hectare of Helianthus tuberosus tubers

can produce 2~3t, and the yield of stems and leaves

is8.7t (Xiang, 2019). At present, the research and

development of Helianthus tuberosus is mainly

concentrated on desertification of saline-alkali land

(Lu, 2007), inulin content (Liu, 2016), biotechnology

(Wang, 2004), feed value of stems and leaves (Yan,

2018), bioenergy (Liu, 2012), etc. It is the research on

the underground tubers of Helianthus tuberosus, and

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9609-953X

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3811-9528

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-5987

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-2349

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-7401

there are few studies on the utilization of the above-

ground stems and leaves (Ji, 2017).

Organic ecological soilless cultivation is a new

type of crop cultivation mode that has developed

rapidly in recent years. The use of solid fertilizer

instead of nutrient solution greatly reduces the

investment cost and has the characteristics of

simplicity, practicality, and effectiveness. The

substrate is mainly agricultural waste such as straw

and animal manure, and the recycling of agricultural

waste is also an important way to achieve sustainable

agricultural development. Previous studies have

concluded that the application of Helianthus

tuberosus leaves into the soil has a certain inhibitory

effect on the growth of weeds (Wang, 2018)

and

Helianthus tuberosus stalks are conducive to the

growth of continuous cropping tomatoes and have a

certain effect on root-knot nematode control (Song,

2013). Regarding the substrateization of crop stalks,

Song’s research (Tong, 2012) showed that the growth

of tomatoes grown on a composite substrate of 100%

514

Lou, X., Wei, X., Zhang, G., Li, Y. and Zhong, Q.

Effect of Helianthus Tuberosus Straw and Sheep Manure Ratio on Growth and Fruit Quality of Pepper.

DOI: 10.5220/0011224800003443

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics (ICBEB 2022), pages 514-522

ISBN: 978-989-758-595-1

rice straw, rice straw: rice husk=75V:25V performed

better, and indicators such as stem thickness and

number of leaves were significantly better than the

control. And the yield has increased by 30%~33%; it

shows that substrate cultivation can indeed increase

the yield of peppers, tomatoes and other vegetables.

The experiment of Tong (Fu, 2010) proved that the

volume ratio 4:6 is the best among the different ratios

of coal gangue and decomposed rape straw, and the

plant height, fresh weight and number of leaves of

vegetables such as cabbage and lettuce are all

significant. Better than soil cultivation; Fu’s (Liu,

2017)

experiments proved that adding fermented corn

stalks can improve the risk resistance of greenhouse

pepper overwintering cultivation to a certain extent,

and at the same time improve the quality of pepper to

a certain extent, promote early maturity of pepper,

and increase total output; Liu et al. found that the

substitution amount of Helianthus tuberosus

fermented straw for peat is best when adding 20%-

40% to the substrate of peat and vermiculite (Li,

2003); Ji further refined the research on this basis and

concluded When the addition of Helianthus tuberosus

straw was 20%-30%, the vitamin C, soluble sugar

content and sugar-acid ratio were significantly higher

than the control. When the addition of Helianthus

tuberosus straw was 20%, the yield increased by 14%

(Ji, 2017). At present, there are many researches on

Helianthus tuberosus stalks used in tomato planting,

and there are few researches on pepper planting.

However, through the above research, it can be seen

that Helianthus tuberosus stalks have the potential to

be used as a pepper cultivation substrate.

Animal manure is rich in organic matter and

various nutrient elements required by crops, which is

an important substrate component for organic

ecological soilless cultivation. Sheep manure is a

common material for substrate compounding. It has

features such as large yield, easy availability and low

cost in Qinghai. Therefore, in this experiment,

Helianthus tuberosus straw was used as the research

material, the fully fermented Helianthus tuberosus

straw and sheep manure were mixed in different

proportions, and V

substrate soil

: V

vermiculite

: V

perlite

=3:1:1

was added to each treatment, then used as a pepper

cultivation substrate. The trough-type soilless

cultivation method is used to monitor the physical

and chemical properties of the substrate and the

growth of peppers, analyze and determine the

physical and chemical properties of the composite

substrate and the growth, quality, and yield of

peppers, compare the differences between different

ratios, and find suitable Qinghai The cultivation

substrate for provincial pepper cultivation combines

the resource utilization of agricultural waste with

soilless cultivation, improves the utilization rate of

Helianthus tuberosus stalks, promotes the

development of Helianthus tuberosus and pepper

industry, and provides a theoretical basis for

promoting the development of circular agriculture.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Materials

Helianthus tuberosus straw comes from the

Horticultural Innovation Base of Qinghai Academy

of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. It was

harvested on October 20, 2018 and crushed into small

pieces of about 1 cm; the straw fermentation

inoculum was selected from the straw degradation

agent 008-J produced by Zhengzhou Yifuyuan

Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the inoculum was used

Propagating at room temperature for 5-7 days,

stirring every day; fermentation adopts indoor static

high temperature and aerobic method, turning the pile

and sprinkling water every 5 days to keep the

moisture content at about 60%; the average indoor

temperature is 6.3℃; the tested pepper varieties were

Qinghai local variety “Ledu long pepper” and main

variety “Hangjiao No. 8”. The LED plant sterilization

fill light used in the experiment was provided by

Zhejiang Xiaoyang Agricultural High-tech Co., Ltd.

2.2 Experimental Design

The experiment was carried out in the plastic

greenhouse of the Horticulture Innovation Base of the

Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of

Qinghai University. It adopted a completely

randomized block design with a total of 5 treatments

(see Table 1), among which the seedling substrate (V

Substrate Soil

: V

Perlite

: V

Vermiculite

= 3:1:1) as control group

(CK), 3 repetitions, 2 test pepper varieties (P1 is

“Ledu long pepper”, P2 is “Hangjiao No.8”), a total

of 30 plots with a plot area of 2.1m

. The digging

groove was used for cultivation, with a length of 300

cm, a width of 70 cm, a depth of 35 cm, and a groove

spacing of 50 cm. The cultivation substrate was

isolated by a plastic shed film. Double-row planting,

single-stem pruning, plant spacing 30cm, and

planting 20 plants per groove were adopted. On

February 25, 2019, the pepper seeds were soaked and

disinfected with 72-hole plastic plugs for sowing. The

seedling substrate ratio was V

Substrate soil

: V

Perlite

: V

Vermiculite

= 3:1:1. When the pepper seedlings grow to

8 leaves of each core, and the seedling age is 55 days,

Effect of Helianthus Tuberosus Straw and Sheep Manure Ratio on Growth and Fruit Quality of Pepper

515

healthy and healthy seedlings were chosen to be

planted on April 20, and the integrated irrigation

method of water and fertilizer was used for watering

management, and irrigate the special nutrient solution

for pepper prepared ， then place an LED plant

sterilization fill light 1m away from the top of the

plant, 1 lamp / 10m

by the Academy of Agriculture

and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University. The

physical properties of the substrate were measured at

the time of planting and 100d after planting; the

growth and quality indexes of pepper were measured

at 60 days, 90 days and 120 days after planting.

During the growth period of pepper, all other

conditions were set as the same.

Table 1: The ratio of Helianthus tuberosus straw substrate (volume ratio).

Treated

Helianthus

tuberosus straw

Sheep

manure

Matrix soil Perlite Vermiculite

- - 3 1 1

Q1 2 2 3 1 1

Q2 3 1 3 1 1

Q3 1 3 3 1 1

Q4 - 2 3 1 1

2.3 Index Measurement and Method

2.3.1 Physical Properties of the Substrate

Refer to the method of Li (Guo, 2005), the physical

and chemical properties of the decomposed straw

were determined, including bulk density, total

porosity, aeration porosity, water pore porosity, air-

water ratio, pH, EC value, etc. A beaker with a known

volume (650 mL) and weigh (W1) was used; adding

the dried straw to the beaker and weighing as W2;

sealing the beaker with two layers of wet gauze and

soaking it in water overnight (i.e., the water should

cover the top of the container), taking out the

weighing as W3, and weighing the wet gauze as W4.

Sealing the beaker again with wet gauze and turning

it upside down, making the water in the cup drain

freely until no water flows out, and weigh as W5. The

indicators were calculated as the following formula:

Bulk density (BD)/(g·cm

-3

)=(W2-W1)/V;

Total porosity (TP)/%=(W3-W2-W4)/V×100;

Aeration porosity (AFP)/%=(W3-W5)/V×100;

Water pore porosity (WPP)/%=total porosity-

aeration porosity;

Air-water ratio = aeration porosity/ water pore

porosity.

Drying he pile material and smashing it, mixing it

with the volume ratio of 1:10 of pile material and

distilled water, placing it in a shaker (200 r·min

-1

, 30

min), after shaking the supernatant was taken for later

use. ORION STAR A211 pH meter was used to

measure pH and FiveEasy conductivity meter was

used to measure EC value.

2.3.2 Growth and Quality Index of Pepper

The ground part and fruit of pepper was sampled, and

a ruler was used to measure the plant height, leaf area

and plant width; a vernier caliper was used to measure

the stem thickness of the pepper; when the pepper

fruit matures, the yield per plant and the total yield

were directly harvested and weighed.

According to the “Guide to physiological testing

of plants”, the soluble protein content of pepper

leaves and fruits was determined by the Coomassie

brilliant blue colorimetric method; the vitamin C

content of pepper fruit was determined by the

molybdenum blue colorimetric method; the soluble

sugar contents of pepper fruits and above-ground

parts were determined by the Anthrone colorimetry;

the dry matter contents of the ground part and fruit of

the pepper were determined as the dry mass per

plant/fresh weight per plant.

2.4 Data Analysis

The data was processed and analyzed using Excel

2007 and SPSS16.0 data analysis software.

3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

3.1 The Physical and Chemical

Properties of the Matrix with

Different Proportions

By measuring the physical and chemical properties of

the cultivation substrates of the two pepper varieties

on the 1st and 100th days, it was found that the pH,

EC and bulk density increased to different degrees in

different treatments, the aeration porosity decreased

ICBEB 2022 - The International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics

516

and the water pore porosity increased. The air-to-

water ratio drops accordingly. It shows that through

the irrigation of nutrient solution, secondary

fermentation and further decomposition of humus, the

matrix is loose and air-permeable, which effectively

improves the physical and chemical properties of the

matrix. It can be seen from the treatment of the

cultivation substrates of the two pepper varieties that

the pH and bulk density of the Q3 treatment were the

highest at 100 days, reaching 6.8, 0.19 and 6.82, 0.18,

respectively, and other indicators were better than the

control group (Table 2).

Table 2: The physical and chemical properties of different Helianthus tuberosus straw composite substrates.

treated

Bulk

density(g·cm

-3

)

Aeration

porosity (%)

Water pore

porosity (%)

Air-water

ratio (%)

pH EC (ms/cm)

1d 100d 1d 100d 1d 100d 1d 100d 1d 100d 1d 100d

CK 0.16 0.18 14.26 9.64 50.58 57.87 0.28 0.17 5.76 6.75 9.12 10.72

Q1 0.15 0.18 14.17 12.27 49.36 53.02 0.29 0.24 5.53 6.62 9.31 11.28

Q2 0.15 0.17 17.92 17.15 48.12 50.84 0.37 0.34 5.86 7.33 9.54 11.73

Q3 0.16 0.19 18.91 16.54 52.31 59.34 0.36 0.28 5.97 6.80 9.28 11.90

Q4 0.16 0.18 15.16 11.29 52.89 58.47 0.29 0.19 5.42 6.16 9.49 11.10

CK 0.16 0.18 14.26 10.23 50.58 59.21 0.28 0.17 5.76 6.63 9.12 10.51

Q1 0.15 0.18 14.17 12.37 49.36 53.81 0.29 0.23 5.53 6.71 9.31 11.32

Q2 0.15 0.18 17.92 15.21 48.12 52.34 0.37 0.30 5.86 6.97 9.54 10.95

Q3 0.16 0.18 18.91 16.37 52.31 58.21 0.36 0.29 5.97 6.82 9.28 11.28

Q4 0.16 0.18 15.16 11.08 52.89 57.12 0.29 0.19 5.42 6.24 9.49 11.14

[Note] P1 is “Ledu long Pepper”, P2 is “Hangjiao No.8”, the same below.

Different lowercase letters after the numbers in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level, the same

below.

3.2 The Effect of Different Substrates

on the Growth and Development of

Pepper

1. Plant height; 2. Stem thickness; 3. Days after planting.

Figure 1: The effect of different substrates on pepper plant

height and stem thickness.

After 60 days of planting, it was measured that the

stem thickness of Q3 treatment was larger in both

cultivars, 9.02 mm and 10.62 mm, which were

significantly larger than other treatments. The

treatment with Helianthus tuberosus straw added to

the two cultivars was larger than the control group;

after planting 90 days, Q3 and Q4 were larger in P1,

Q1 and Q2 were smaller, and CK and Q3 were larger

in P2, but the difference between the treatments was

not significant; after 120 days of colonization, Q1 and

Q3 were larger in P1 and significantly higher than

those in Q2, the difference was significant by the

analysis of variance. In P2, the Q3 treatment was

larger, which was 15.23 mm, but there was no

significant difference between the treatments (Figure

1). The performance of each treatment in the different

periods of the two varieties shows that Q2 treatment

has a certain promotion effect on pepper growth

during the peak and early fruit period of pepper, but

the promotion effect gradually decreases in the later

stage of fruiting, and Q3 treatment can promote the

growth of pepper stems during the entire growth

period of pepper.

Effect of Helianthus Tuberosus Straw and Sheep Manure Ratio on Growth and Fruit Quality of Pepper

517

After 60 days of planting, it was measured that the

plant heights of the two varieties were 52.25cm and

64.22cm in the CK treatment, respectively, which

were significantly different from other treatments. In

P1, there were also greater differences between the

treatments with straw addition. However, there was

no difference in P2; after planting 90 days, the plant

height of the CK treatment in P1 was larger, 56.09cm,

and it was significantly different from other

treatments. In the treatment with straw addition, the

plant height of the Q1 and Q3 treatments was greater

than that of Q2, and the Q3 treatment had larger

significant difference. In P2, the plant height of CK,

Q1, Q2, and Q3 treatments was larger, and the

difference between the treatments was not

significant; after 120 days of planting, the plant

height of Q1 treatment was larger in P1 and P2

treatments, which were 93.87cm and 89.78cm, but

the difference between the treatments was not

significant (Figure 1). It shows that adding straw can

promote the growth of pepper plants, and the

performance between two different pepper varieties

is basically the same. Among them, the promotion

effect of Q1 treatment is better.

After 60 days of planting, it was measured that the

two cultivars treated with CK and Q3 had larger plant

widths, which were 41.54 cm, 42.08 cm, 54.43 cm,

and 53.13 cm, respectively, and they were

ignificantly different from other treatments. After 90

days of planting, CK and Q3 were significantly

different in P1. Q1, Q2, and Q3 treatments have

larger plant sizes, no significant difference between

treatments, and significantly larger than Q4

treatments. In P2, CK and Q3 treatments have larger

plant sizes and significant differences from each

treatment; after 120 days of colonization, the Q1 and

Q3 in P1 and P2 treatments treatments were larger

and significantly larger than the other treatments,

which were 68.98 cm, 69.58 cm and 75.78 cm, 76.92

cm, respectively (Figure 2).

After 60 days of colonization, the dry matter

content of Q3 in P1 was higher and significantly

greater than that of other treatments. In P2, Q3 and

Q4 treatments had no significant difference and were

significantly greater than other treatments; after 90

days of colonization, Q3 treatment in P1 was

significantly greater than other treatments. In P2, the

dry matter content of Q2, Q3, and Q4 treatments was

significantly greater than that of other treatments;

after 120 days of planting, the dry matter contents of

Q1 and Q3 treatments in P1 were significantly greater

than that of other treatments. In P2, Q3 and Q4

treatments were significantly greater than other

treatments (Figure 2). It indicated that the two

varieties performed the same in terms of dry matter

accumulation, and Q3 and Q4 treatments were better.

1. Plant width; 2. Dry matter weight; 3. Days after planting.

Figure 2: Effects of different substrates on pepper plant width and dry matter quality.

ICBEB 2022 - The International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics

518

3.3 The Effect of Different Substrates

on the Quality of Pepper Fruit

1. Soluble sugar content; 2. Vitamin C content; 3. Days

after planting.

Figure 3: Effects of different matrix ratios on the soluble

sugar and vitamin C content of pepper fruit.

The soluble sugar content of the fruit was measured

90 days after planting. In P1, the total soluble sugar

content of Q1 and Q3 treatments was significantly

higher than that of the other treatments, and the

difference between the two treatments was not

significant. In P2, the Q3 treatment was significantly

larger than the other treatments, which was 50.32

mg/g, the treatment with Helianthus tuberosus straw

added was significantly greater than that of the

control; at 120 days of colonization, the soluble sugar

content of the Q1 and Q3 treatments in P1 was

significantly greater than the other treatments, and the

content of the Q3 treatment reached 71.59 mg/g. In

P2, the soluble sugar content of the Q3 treatment was

significantly greater than that of other treatments, and

the content of the treatment with Helianthus

tuberosus straw was significantly greater than that of

the control group (Figure 3). The two varieties

showed similar differences in soluble sugar content,

indicating that adding Helianthus tuberosus straw to

the cultivation substrate can increase the soluble

sugar content of pepper fruits, while Q3 treatment can

better increase the soluble sugar content of fruits.

The vitamin C content of the fruit was measured

90 days after planting. In P1, the vitamin C content of

the Q3 treatment was greater than that of the other

treatments, but the difference between the treatments

was not significant. In P2, the Q1 and Q3 treatments

were significantly greater than the other treatments,

66.98 mg/ g and 73.40mg/g; at 120 days of

colonization, the vitamin C content of Q1 and Q3

treatments in P1 was significantly greater than that of

the other treatments, both exceeded 95mg/g, and the

content of Q3 treatment reached 102.95mg/g. In P2,

vitamin C contents of CK, Q1, Q2, and Q3 treatments

were significantly larger than Q4 treatment. The Q3

treatment had the largest value of 71.50 mg/g. The

treatment content with straw addition was

significantly greater than the control group with

sheep manure (Figure 3). The two cultivars showed

similar differences in vitamin C content. The vitamin

C content of the treatment with Helianthus tuberosus

straw was better than the control group, and the Q3

treatment performed best among them.

1. Soluble protein content; 2. Fruit dry matter content; 3.

Days after planting.

Figure 4: Effects of different matrix ratios on the soluble

protein and dry matter content of pepper fruit.

The soluble protein content of the fruit was

measured 90 days after planting. In P1, the soluble

protein content of Q1 treatment was greater than

other treatments, but the numerical difference was not

big and the content was small. In P2, Q2 treatment

was greater than other treatments but there was no

significant difference between treatments; when the

planting for 120 days, the soluble protein content of

both cultivars under Q3 treatment was higher, but the

values between treatments were smaller and there

was no significant difference (Figure 4), indicating

that adding Helianthus tuberosus straw has no

obvious effect on fruit resistance.

The dry matter content of the fruit was measured

after 90 days of planting. In P1, the dry matter content

of Q1 and Q3 treatments was significantly higher

than that of other treatments, and the content of

Helianthus tuberosus straw added treatment was

greater than that of the control group. In P2, the dry

matter content of Q3 treatment was greater than other

treatments. However, there was no significant

difference among the treatments; in P1, the dry matter

content of the CK, Q1, and Q3 treatments was greater

than that of the other treatments and there was no

significant difference between the three treatments. In

P2, the dry matter content of the Q3 treatment was

significantly greater than other treatments, and the

Effect of Helianthus Tuberosus Straw and Sheep Manure Ratio on Growth and Fruit Quality of Pepper

519

content of treatment with Helianthus tuberosus straw

added was greater than that of the control group

(Figure 4).

3.4 The Effect of Different Substrates

on the Yield of Pepper

The addition of Helianthus tuberosus stalks had an

effect on the number of fruits per plant, the yield per

plant and the total yield of the two pepper varieties,

but the effect was greater in P2 than in P1. In P1, there

was no significant difference in the number of fruits

per plant, yield per plant and total yield of each

treatment. The number of fruits per plant of CK

treatment was slightly higher than that of other

treatments. The yield of each plant and total yield of

Q3 treatment were higher than those of other

varieties; in P2, the number of fruits per plant in Q3

treatment was the highest and was significantly larger

than that in other treatments, which was 32.80. The

yield of each plant and total yield were also the largest

in Q3 treatment, reaching 1.37 kg and 4738.87 kg

(Table 3). It shows that adding Helianthus tuberosus

stalks to the cultivation substrate can effectively

increase the yield of pepper, and the Q3 treatment of

Helianthus tuberosus stalks has the best yield increase

effect.

Table 3: The yield of peppers with different ratios of substrates.

Treated

P1 P2

Number of

fruits on

per plant

Yield

per

plant

(kg)

Early

production

(kg)

Total

output

(kg)

Number of

fruits on

per plant

Yield

per

plant

(kg)

Early

production

(kg)

Total

output

(kg)

23.87±

0.89a

1.09±

0.04a

1175.8±

93.32a

3792.94±

155.54a

29.40±

1.33a

1.28±

0.01ab

1510.06±

70.60ab

4441.35±

50.82ab

22.13±

1.38a

1.13±

0.09a

1288±

213.76a

3904.98±

328.01a

31.87±

2.49a

1.34±

0.06a

1481.33±

129.59a

4629.15±

196.35a

20.47±

1.11a

1.03±

0.10a

1070±

189.43a

3568.88±

339.56a

28.63±

5.49a

1.26±

0.13ab

1523.59±

269.80ab

4353.11±

449.67ab

23.13±

0.58a

1.16±

0.03a

1321.80±

78.60a

4005.46±

106.26a

32.80±

2.53a

1.37±

0.03a

1611.22±

56.33a

4738.87±

90.86a

20.60±

4.27a

0.96±

0.13a

1031.16±

261.29a

3326.33±

450.44a

24.32±

3.39a

1.02±

0.17b

1170.56±

340.35b

3547.16±

576.87b

4 DISCUSSION

The soilless culture substrate needs to have suitable

physical and chemical properties. Generally

speaking, the bulk density of the substrate is in the

range of 0.1~0.8g·cm

-3

(Zhang, 2015), the aeration

porosity is more than 15%, and the water pore

porosity are more than 60%. Studies have shown that

the addition of Helianthus tuberosus straw can make

the aeration porosity of the composite matrix more

approach the aeration porosity requirements of the

ideal matrix (Li, 2003). According to the test data in

this paper, pH and EC have different degrees of

increase in different treatments; the bulk density and

water pore porosity are low, which does not meet the

requirements of ideal matrix bulk density and water

pore porosity. The reason may be caused by the

degree of straw crushing. As the bulk density is

directly related to the texture of the straw and the size

of the particles, it affects the compactness of the

straw, as well as the water-holding and air-permeable

capacity (Liu, 2007). The Q2 and Q3 treatments have

larger aeration porosity, which meets the

requirement that the ideal matrix aeration porosity

should be greater than 15%, and is in line with the

results of previous studies (Li, 2003). Aeration

porosity, pH and other indicators of Q3 treatment are

significantly better than other groups, and the stem

thickness, soluble sugar content, vitamin C content

and yield of pepper are also increased in Q3

treatment. The reason may be that relatively suitable

water pore porosity and aeration porosity make the

substrate support and water retention capacity strong,

ICBEB 2022 - The International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics

520

which is conducive to the growth and development

of plant roots (Fu, 2010).

Previous studies have shown that the use of

organic substrates can increase crop growth (Jiang,

1996). The treatments adding Helianthus tuberosus

stalks have a relatively obvious promotion effect on

the synthesis of pepper biomass during the entire

growth period of pepper, which is specifically

reflected in the promotion of growth indicators such

as plant height, stem thickness and plant width in

different degrees. However, the different ratio of

Helianthus tuberosus stalks and sheep manure has

different promotion effect on the growth indicators

of pepper. The treatment with Helianthus tuberosus

stalks has not obvious promotion effect in the early

stage of pepper growth and the difference between

treatments is not significant, but it significantly

increases the plant width and other indicators in the

later stage of pepper growth, indicating that the

treatment of adding Helianthus tuberosus straw and

sheep manure has insufficient short-term fertilizer

capacity but has a long and stable fertilizer effect,

which promotes the growth and development of

pepper in the later period

[14]

, and the promotion

effect on stem thickness and plant width is the most

obvious when the ratio of Helianthus tuberosus straw

to sheep manure is 1:3.

Research has shown that the nutrient

transformation and release of the substrate itself

plays a very important role in the fertilizer supply of

tomato plants. The substrate has biological activity

(Sun, 2019), and its feeding mechanism is different

from the nutrient solution. Organic wastes such as

straws can be used as substrates after being

decomposed by composting and fermentation. They

contain large amounts of elements and trace elements

required for plant growth. In addition, during the

cultivation process, the substrates themselves will

continue to ferment and release nutrients

continuously to promote the growth and

development of plants (Wang, 2004). In this

experiment, the addition of Helianthus tuberosus

stalks can indeed promote the synthesis of soluble

sugar and vitamin C in peppers, promote the

accumulation of fruit dry matter, enhance disease

resistance and increase yield, but the promotion

effect is very large with the addition of Helianthus

tuberosus stalks and sheep manure. relation. Studies

have shown that the co-decomposition of crop stalks

and sheep manure can reduce the C/N in the compost

to a certain extent, and can also alleviate the

competition between microorganisms and crops for

nitrogen sources after being applied to the soil

(Wang, 2011). Therefore, the reason may be that the

change of sheep manure content leads to the change

of substrate carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrients,

which affects the growth of pepper. It can be seen

from the various data that the Helianthus tuberosus

straw and sheep manure are treated at a ratio of 1:3,

that is, the Q3 treatment is better than the other two

treatments with added straw in all indicators, but the

more Helianthus tuberosus straw is added, All

indicators are declining.

The strong ecological adaptability of Helianthus

tuberosus and its huge application potential as an

energy plant, as well as the important position of the

research and development of cultivation substrates in

agriculture, make the substrateization of Helianthus

tuberosus stalks have broad application space and

prospects.

5 CONCLUSION

The Helianthus tuberosus straw and sheep manure

are used in the pepper cultivation substrate in

different proportions, which can improve the

physical and chemical properties of the cultivation

substrate. When the cultivation substrate ratio is V

Helianthus tuberosus straw

: V

sheep manure

: V

substrate soil

: V

perlite

: V

vermiculite

=1: 3: 3: 1: 1, the pepper biomass will

increase, which will promote the growth of pepper

plants, increase the fruit quality and the yield of

pepper.

FUND PROJECT

This article is the National Natural Science

Foundation of Qinghai Province (2021-ZJ-921),

Qinghai Province Science and Technology

Achievement Transformation Special Project (2020-

NK-121), Qinghai Province Agriculture and Forestry

Science Innovation Fund (2019-NKY-02), Qinghai

Province Science and Technology Department Key

Laboratory Project (2020-ZJ- Y02) One of the

phased results.

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