Use of a Tele-fitness Program for Seniors during the COVID-19
Pandemic: Excerpts of the Usage Analysis of the Movinsi! Project
Daniela Elisabeth Ströckl
1
, Manuela Perchtaler
1
, Kathrin Weger
2
, Paola Dario
3
, Filippo Vaccari
4
and
Stefano Lazzer
4
1
Institute for Applied Research on Ageing, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria
2
Sozialverein ALSOLE, Dellach, Austria
3
Servizio Sociale dei Comuni dell'Ambito Territoriale Carnia, Udine, Italy
4
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Keywords: Tele-fitness, Rural Areas, Seniors, Cross-Border, COVID-19.
Abstract: From December 2020 to June 2021, the Movinsi! project conducted its field test to evaluate a tele-fitness and
mobilization program for seniors from Austria (Hermagor) and Italy (Tolmezzo, Paluzza). Initially
conceptualized as an offline program, the field trial had to be rapidly converted to an online format due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. Its goals were adapted accordingly and finally consisted of motivating individuals to
exercise more through targeted interventions such as exercise videos and instructions, provision of health
information, and a chat to connect with other project participants across language barriers. In total, 45 people
from Austria and Italy took part in the seven-month trial. Results of the quantitative usage analysis show that
31.1% of participants (n=14) used the Movinsi! platform until the end of the field test, 62.5% made use of the
chat function (albeit mostly once), and the majority (73.1%) used their computers to watch the exercise videos,
despite the initial conceptualization for mobile devices. The qualitative analysis of participant feedback
revealed that many participants disliked the audiovisual presentation of the exercises, some would have
preferred to (also) meet face-to-face, and the health-related information provided through the Movinsi!
platform was overlooked by most.
1 INTRODUCTION
Physical exercise and mobilization are important
building blocks for the general health of all. The
University of Udine, together with the Carinthia
University of Applied Sciences, the social association
ALSOLE (Hermagor, Austria) and the social service
of the municipalities of Carnia developed a
mobilization or physical activity program in the
project Movinsi! and tested it together with seniors
from Italy and Austria.
2 BACKGROUND
Rural areas in Europe are struggling with a decline in
population (EPRS, 2019). Especially younger
generations are migrating to cities because of, e.g.,
more attractive education and job opportunities.
(Leibert, 2014, p. 25). Consequently, the number of
older people among the population remaining in these
rural areas is disproportionately high (EPRS, 2020).
Two such communities are at the center of a
project realized by Italian and Austrian researchers
and members of non-profit associations in the Italian-
Austrian border region, which wants to increase
feelings of social connectedness among older adults
in these communities. This was to be achieved by
inviting people to take part in a fitness training
program with accompanying social activities,
including cross-border meetings and exchanges, a
way which has proven successful in reducing feelings
of social isolation (e.g., Pels & Kleinert, 2016; Brady
et al., 2020; Sebastião & Mirda, 2021).
However, a few months into the project the
COVID-19 pandemic began. At first, the previously
planned 3-month test run was suspended, as it was
thought that the program could then be started in on-
site units as planned. In mid-summer 2020, the
project consortium evaluated the overall situation and
Ströckl, D., Perchtaler, M., Weger, K., Dario, P., Vaccari, F. and Lazzer, S.
Use of a Tele-fitness Program for Seniors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Excerpts of the Usage Analysis of the Movinsi! Project.
DOI: 10.5220/0011074700003188
In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health (ICT4AWE 2022), pages 299-306
ISBN: 978-989-758-566-1; ISSN: 2184-4984
Copyright
c
 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
299

finally came to the decision to drastically change the
project implementation. As a result, the concept of in-
person training and meetings had to be overhauled
drastically in the shortest possible time. This led to a
change in the intended target group in terms of their
affinity for or acceptance of technology. Initially,
people with a low level of technology acceptance
were included as participants in the study - in order to
determine possible changes in acceptance, an
evaluation of these would have been planned. Because
on-site support was not possible during the project test
period, these persons were excluded from the test
group and a minimum level of acceptance and
operating expertise was assumed. The completely
offline study was changed into a completely online
training program. The mobile monitoring platform
initially planned became a web technology-based
platform restricted to project participants (Movinsi!
platform), videos of exercises were shot, voice-over
instructions recorded (Italian and German) and added
to the exercise videos, and a seven-month online
training plan was devised (December 2020 to June
2021) which was disseminated through the platform. In
addition, the platform featured weekly posts on topics
deemed relevant for older adults, mostly from the areas
of health and fitness (e.g., nutrition, sleep, ergonomic
movement). Finally, the Movinsi! platform also
included a chat function with an automated translation
feature in the background. Participants from Italy and
Austria where thus able to chat with each other while
still using their own languages.
Physical activity programs making use of apps,
web-based or other digital solutions aimed at older
adults have been implemented in the past with
promising results (e.g., Irvine et al., 2013; Steinert et
al., 2018; Gonçalves et al, 2021). However, delivering
physical activity interventions to people aged 65 and
older in a web-based format can also lead to issues of
exclusion and attrition (Boekhout et al., 2019). The
Movinsi! project tried to include measures to try and
counteract these issues. One is the aforementioned chat
function to try and improve participants’ engagement
with the program (Alley et al., 2018). In addition, a
physiotherapist was part of the project in Italy and
Austria acting as a first contact point for participants,
as an expert to assess changes resulting from the
program and, in general, to increase participants’
feelings of accountability (Geraedts et al., 2021). The
addition of physiotherapists also circumvented the
reliance on self-report measures by participants which
run the risk of being subject to social desirability bias
(Irvine et al., 2013).
In general, the physiotherapists were central to the
project. They assessed participants before and after
the training program, collected verbal feedback at the
end of the field trail and were accessible at all times
via the website’s chat function or by phone.
Presented in the next section are the quantitative
and qualitative results of the platform’s and training
program’s evaluations, based on the usage
data/statistics and short conversations with
participants post field trail.
3 EVALUATION
The Movinsi! interventions are designed for 65 to 80-
year-old seniors from Upper Italy (Tolmezzo and
Paluzza regions) and Hermagor in Austria. The
persons should be able to walk at least 1km
autonomously without any assistance from aids or
other persons and they must be in possession (active
use) of a smartphone or tablet. Exclusion criteria are
mainly of a medical nature, so that persons with
cardiovascular diseases (e.g., arrhythmia), respiratory
diseases (e.g., BPCO), neurological diseases (e.g.,
ictus), uncontrolled hypertension (e.g., basal systolic
pressure >174mmHg / basal diastolic pressure
>100mmHG) as well as the use of psychotropic
substances and medications that alter the metabolism
were not allowed to participate in the study.
During the field test phase from the beginning of
December 2020 to the end of June 2021 (seven
months), a total of 45 people (Austria: 25, Italy: 20)
were provided with a sports program twice a week with
an average duration of 12 minutes (several individual
videos with an average length of 34 seconds) that they
were to complete. In addition to the videos with audio
instructions, the participants had the opportunity to
read through and use written instructions on the
Movinsi! platform. Furthermore, there was an
information channel on the Movinsi! platform which
was played at the same rhythm as the sports program
and contained information on health-related topics
(e.g., healthy eating, exercise in everyday life). Finally,
the participants were offered a chat function that made
it possible to exchange information across language
barriers (German – Italian) and to communicate
through an automated translation. This Movinsi!
function bundle was evaluated in a quantitative and
qualitative way and the following sections describe the
results after the field trial.
3.1 Quantitative Usage Evaluation
Since the conversion of the project content to a fully
online version meant that technology affinity or
acceptance was already given by the inclusion
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criterion of technology ownership/use, the focus of
the technical evaluation was on the active use of the
Movinsi! interventions. The use of the Movinsi!
platform as a whole, the use of the chat function and
selected parameters of the use of the training program
are presented below.
3.1.1 Movinsi! Platform Usage
As can be seen in Table 1 from the absolute numbers
of the Movinsi! platform use, after the end of the field
test 31.1% (n=14) of the initial 45 registered
participants were still active and eight people of the
total group even asked for continued use. Separate
consideration of the genders represented in the
project, female and male, does not yield any added
value or allow any significant trends to be derived
regarding the frequency of use.
Table 1: Movinsi! platform user development across the
field test (absolute numbers).
Total Austria Italy
f m f m
Registered for field trial 45 20 5 10 10
Started field trial 40 16 4 10 10
Active participants
after 1 month
33 12 2 10 9
Active participants
after 2 months
29 11 2 7 9
Active participants
after 3 months
24 9 1 7 7
Active participants
after 4 months
22 8 1 7 6
Active participants
after 5 months
17 7 1 5 4
Active participants
after 6 months
14 6 0 4 4
Active participation
until end of field test
(7 months)
14 6 0 4 4
Use beyond field test 8 4 0 1 3
A further analysis of the usage figures at the
regional level (Hermagor, Tolmezzo, Paluzza) does
not show any differences, probably also due to the
geographical proximity to each other. While in Italy
the distribution was ten participants per region at the
beginning, five persons from Tolmezzo and three
persons from Paluzza finished the field test as active
participants.
3.1.2 Chat Function Usage
The chat function offered to enable participants to
communicate across language barriers was hardly
used. During the entire field test, 25 bilingual chats
were conducted, with none lasting beyond a brief
"hello". Of the 40 active participants, 25 people used
the chat function at least once (62.5% of active
participants). Of these, nine people recorded one-time
use, and seven others used the chat two times. Of the
total group, there was only one person who used the
chat more often to get in touch with other participants.
3.1.3 Physical Training Platform Usage –
Overview
In total, the Movinsi! training platform recorded
11,112 views of the training units (playlists) during
the field test (at least starting a playlist). The
participants were provided with 56 training units in
German and the same 56 training units in Italian (112
training units in total); this means that each training
unit was viewed an average of 99 times. Looking
more closely at the individual sessions, some were
viewed significantly more often than others: Most
prominent are session one in Italian with 975 views
(8.8% of all views in total), session 1 in German with
457 views, session 3 in Italian with 347 views, but
also later sessions such as session 18 in German with
206 views. In contrast, some sessions received only
very occasional views, e.g., session 9 in Italian with 4
views (week of training: December 30 – January 5)
orthe German version which was played ten times in
the same period.
Figure 1: Numbers of daily playlist calls in total.
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The graph in Figure 1 shows the total daily
number of calls across the sessions available at the
respective times. It can be seen that over the duration
of the seven-month field test, the total usage slowly
decreased, but even towards the end of the field test,
51 calls (18.06.2021) per day could be recorded.
An even more precise insight into the use of the
playlists is provided by the total playback time in
hours, which amounts to 107.5 hours over the
duration of the field test. If one considers this value
with the average duration of 12 minutes per playlist,
it results that on average approx. 538 playlists were
played completely. Based on this number, the average
total usage (playing all videos in their entire length)
of each of the 112 playlists would be 4.8 times.
3.1.4 Physical Training Platform Usage –
Subtitles, Devices and Operating
Systems
Subtitles: During the training sessions, participants
could use the subtitle function in addition to the audio
output of the videos. Here, it can be seen that subtitles
were mainly used in Italy (176 playlist views), even
though the total number of uses was low. In Austria,
the function was only used two times. If we look at
the time of use, videos with a total duration of 1.5
hours were viewed with subtitles in Italy and <0.0
hours in Austria. This indicates that the use of the
subtitle function was clicked on by mistake and then
switched off again immediately.
Devices: According to the project proposal
definition, the Movinsi! platform or the embedded
platform for the training units was primarily intended
for use by mobile devices. However, due to the
technical implementation using web technologies, the
platform could also be played or used on other
devices, depending on the needs of the participants.
Table 2: Devices used to view the training sessions.
Technology Calls Playback time in h
Total 11,112 (100%) 107.5 (100%)
Computer 8,124 (73.1%) 80.6 (75.0%)
Smartphone 2,315 (20.8%) 19.5 (18.2%)
Tablet 563 (5.1%) 6.3 (5.9%)
Smart TV 74 (0.7%) 0.6 (0.6%)
As can be seen in Table 2, the participants mainly
preferred the computer to play the training sessions.
Smartphones and tablets were used much less
frequently. This could be due to the better user
experience through larger screens and thus larger and
more visible videos. A low level of use was found for
smart TV devices, although their use was not intended
at any time.
Operating Systems: Continuing with the
different end devices, the types of operating systems
used when using the training platform were also
recorded. This makes it possible to draw even more
conclusions about the technologies used by the
seniors/participants.
Table 3: Operating systems (OS) used to view the training
sessions.
OS Technology Calls
Playback
time in h
Total 11,112
(100%)
107.5
(100%)
Windows
Computer
8,033
(72.3%)
79.8
(74.3%)
Macintosh 2,525
(22.7%)
23.2
(21.6%)
Android Smartphone
& Tablet
353 (3.2%) 2.7 (2.5%)
iOS 91 (0.8%) 0.8 (0.7%)
Chrome-cast
Smart TV
41 (0.4%) 0.4 (0.3%)
Tizen 31 (0.3%) 0.3 (0.2%)
Smart TV 2 (0.0%) 0.0 (0.0%)
As can be seen in Table 3, the platform-
independent implementation of the Movinsi!
functions enabled participants to use a variety of
different systems, and this option was also taken up.
In the case of the computer operating systems
Windows and Macintosh, it is clear that Windows
was used more often, but over 2,500 uses by means
of an Apple system speak clearly for applications that
are implemented browser-based. The same picture
emerges for the use of smartphones and tablets. Here,
Android devices were used by Movinsi! users about
four times as often as iOS (Apple), but just under 1%
of all calls were made using an iPhone or iPad. A
broader spread can be seen with Smart TVs. First, two
calls could not be assigned to any known system (see
Table 3 Smart TV), 31 calls were made by means of
a Tizen-based Smart TV (Samsung devices use the
Tizen operating system) and with 41 calls, streams by
means of Chromecast technology were used most
frequently. These allow the screen of a smartphone,
tablet or computer to be streamed to the larger TV
screen.
3.2 User Feedback
At the end of the field trail phase, participants in
Austria and Italy were asked to give short verbal
feedback on the project activities. The following
sections present the analysis of participant statements
first from Austria, then from Italy.
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3.2.1 Austria
In Austria, 22 participants gave feedback on the
training program and other project activities, 18 of
them female, four of them male, with a combined
average age of 71.0 years. In total, participants gave
63 singular statements, which can be classified in ten
categories.
The majority (13) of feedback statements by
Austrian participants referred to their use of the
training program. Five participants stated that they
had enjoyed the training program and had used it
regularly. An additional four participants said that
they had also enjoyed the program very much but had
had to stop participating due to unrelated health issues
(e.g., accidents, injuries) or family issues. Another
two had either used the program diligently at first and
then lost some of their motivation or had partly used
the program. One participant had used the program as
a source of material for their own exercise group.
Lastly, one participant stated that they had had
difficulties with exercises that used weights but that
they had then simply decided to do these without
weights instead.
In total, ten statements fell into the category
‘presentation’, with all of the statements rating the
presentation negatively. The overall tenor was that
the videos had been boring, impractical, tedious, and
had seemed to have been prepared with little care.
Participants also noted that the videos had not been
very motivating and had lacked joy. Finally, one
participant had found the speed of the presentation
too fast to remember all the exercise steps that were
shown in the video.
In terms of participant feedback, the presentation
of the exercises was closely related to the (technical)
implementation of the training program. Overall,
nine participant statements fell into this category. One
participant stated that they had liked the format of the
videos and instructions, but found it too bad that the
program had been online. Four participants noted that
having to press play and pause around every exercise
in a single training session had been very
inconvenient, with one of them adding that the
recurring introductory portion of the videos had been
annoying. The use of YouTube, its cookies, and
especially its recurring advertisements were noted as
having been unfavorable by three participants, one of
whom went so far as to do the exercises without
watching any videos and using only the written
descriptions as instruction. One participant said that
1
Online: https://tvthek.orf.at/profile/Fit-mit-Philipp/138
92249/episodes
they had tried to contact the physiotherapist via the
chat function on the website but had never gotten a
reply. Finally, one participant had missed the personal
contact due to the online format and would very much
have liked to get in touch with participants from Italy.
The category ‘non-use’ comprised eight
participant statements. In cases where participants
had used the program at first but later had to stop,
statements were also counted in the ‘use’ category.
Two participants stated that they had used the
program in the beginning but that they had had to stop
due to health reasons. Two additional participants
stated specific health issues, most likely as reasons for
not having taken part in the training program after
some time or at all. One participant said that they had
begun with the training program but had had to stop
due to a family emergency. Another participant had
had a look at the program but had not taken part in it.
Finally, two participants said that they had been
unable to use the program at all because they had had
very little time for themselves during the time of the
field trail phase, both citing the large amount of snow
and the corresponding work as the main reason.
The fitness program ‘Fit with Philipp’ (German:
‘Fit mit Philipp’
1
) was mentioned in seven statements
as an alternative that participants had switched over
to after trying out the project’s program and not liking
it. Fit with Philipp is presented weekdays on Austria’s
national public service broadcaster ORF and focusses
specifically on older adults and people who have
difficulties staying active. The 20-minute program
has been on air since late March of 2020, won the
Austrian television award for best lockdown format
in 2021, and is highly popular among older adults.
Two participants mentioned other alternatives to the
project’s program, among them riding their bicycle
and swimming (summer) or snowshoeing and walks
(winter). One participant stated that they had
switched to something else without giving further
details.
The content of the training program and platform
was the topic of five feedback statements. Three
participants liked the program and the exercises,
another participant liked the slow build-up and
increase in difficulty as well as the informative pieces
of advice (presumably the complementary content
posted on the website). Finally, one participant would
have liked more variety in the exercises of the warm-
up and cool-down sections.
In five statements, participants gave suggestions
on improvements for the training program. The
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desire for more variety in the warm-up and cool-down
sections has already been noted in the ‘content’
category but can also be seen as a suggestion for
improvement. Two participants suggested that the
structure of the program could be improved by first
mentioning the aids (e.g., pole, weights) that were
going to be needed for the exercises, and one of these
participants added that presenting a continuous
program for 45 minutes without advertisements
would be much preferred. Another participant noted
that the program should include enough time to
perform the exercises presented in the videos. Finally,
one participant stated that the training program could
have been improved by being carried out in a gym
once a week.
The effect of the training program was the topic
of two statements, albeit from the same participant.
For a start, the participant stated that they had profited
from taking part in the program. In a follow-up
statement, they then went into detail and said that
their balance had improved due to the exercises. The
results of the physiotherapist’s follow-up testing
corroborated this subjective feeling.
In two statements, participants noted that they
were interested in either a continuation of the existing
program (including the use of existing exercises), or
taking part in a new program if that program was
offered in a face-to-face setting (intended use).
Lastly, two participant statements can be seen as
general comments on the project. One participant
stated that they liked the idea, presumably of offering
an online training program. The other participant
expressed their gratitude of having been able to take
part in the project.
3.2.2 Italy
In Italy, participants were asked for their feedback in
phone calls. In total, twelve participants were
interviewed and asked to answer a series of yes-no
questions and one open-ended question for
suggestions and comments. Table 4 presents the
results of the yes-no questions.
In addition to answering the yes-no questions,
seven of the participants also gave short statements
about the project and its activities. Of these, two noted
that a training program works better if it is conducted
in a group setting because being part of a group is
more motivating and helpful. Another two
participants stated that it would have been better had
the exercises been presented in a continuous lesson
instead of in pieces and one of these participants
mentioned a fitness program on TV which they had
preferred to follow because it presented the exercises
Table 4: Results of Italian feedback questions (absolute
numbers).
Question Yes No
Did you like the project? 11 1
Were the exercises clear? 12 0
Were the exercises useful? 11 1
Did you have access to the app? 10 2
Did you have difficulties using the
app?
3 9
Did you have the opportunity to read
the contents written on the app?*
4 8
Did you find them useful?* -- 3
Would you like to repeat the
experience in-person?
11 1
Would you be willing to have a face-
to-face discussion?
11 1
*Many did not notice the section on the website.
in a more convenient way. One participant would
have liked regular evaluations on their progress every
two or three sessions to see if they had done the
exercises correctly. Another participant expressed
difficulties in working with video instructions
because they had problems switching their focus back
and forth between the video and themselves doing the
exercise.
Finally, one participant gave a longer statement
touching upon several points. They said that the
program had started out well but that the exercises
had been mechanical and, thus, not very attractive.
They had also missed explanations on how not to get
hurt. They found that carrying out the exercises with
only the help of online video instructions had been
difficult because this setting does not allow for
pointers on how to do the movements correctly.
Lastly, to this participant it seemed that the
interests/problems of older adults had not been
actually known but based on stereotypes.
3.3 Discussion
Even though several Austrian participants stated that
they had enjoyed the training program, and some of
them are still using the Movinsi! platform after the
field trial, the main takeaway from participants’
feedback statements is that the presentation of the
exercises was poor and the technical implementation
challenging. The negative feedback on these two
factors is not entirely surprising, seeing that the
training program had to be changed rapidly from the
initial face-to-face plan into an online format due to
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the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, planning and
coordinating the videos and audio descriptions as well
as setting up the online platform could not be done
with as much attention to detail as it would have been
had the training program been conceived as an online
program right from the start.
Participant feedback statements also revealed that
the fitness program ‘Fit with Philipp’ on Austria’s
national public service broadcaster ORF is a strong
alternative, which other programs seem to get
compared to immediately. Future tele-fitness
programs implemented in Austria are going to have
to take this into account.
Finally, participant statements showed a
noticeable lack of references to the complementary
content on the website, i.e., information on health
relevant topics such as nutrition, ergonomics or sleep.
This is a strong indicator that participants did not take
notice of this section on the platform which points to
a lack of communication and information about the
existence of this content. This needs to be taken into
consideration in future projects.
Overall, the feedback by Italian participants was
more positive. They liked the project, found the
exercises clear and useful, had access to the app and
largely no difficulties in using it. They would like to
take part in a similar training program if it was in-
person and would be willing to have a face-to-face
discussion. The two items in Table 4 marked with an
asterisk (*), however, revealed the same issue which
already became apparent from the Austrian
participant feedback: The section on health relevant
information and its weekly updates was hardly, if at
all, noticed. This underlines the suspicion expressed
in the discussion of the Austrian participant feedback
in that communication about the existence of this
section on the website was insufficient.
The verbal statements by Italian participants
pointed to some of the main issues of the training
program. Participants missed the group setting of an
offline class and listening/watching online video
instructions while at the same time doing the exercise
can be difficult for some. The presentation of the
content was seen as not very appealing and important
aspects, such as explanations on how not to get hurt,
were felt to have been missing. Finally, one
participant made an important statement in that they
felt that the needs of older adults had not been actually
known but based on stereotypes.
The verbal feedback statements partly picked up
topics expressed by Austrian participants. However,
the difficulties of perhaps especially older adults with
switching their attention between online video
instructions and doing the exercise movements
themselves is an important and valuable new
addition, which has to be taken into consideration
when planning tele-fitness programs for this target
group. The same is true for the statement which
expressed the feeling that the needs of older adults
were based on stereotypes instead of actual
knowledge. This points to the general importance of
a user-centered and participatory approach to
developing digital (and other) solutions for specific
target groups, e.g., older adults.
4 CONCLUSIONS AND
OUTLOOK
The main lessons learned from the Austrian and
Italian participant statements can be summed up as
follows:
 A lot of care needs to be put into the
presentation (video, audio) and technical
implementation (no cookies or
advertisements) of the training videos.
 The contents and functionalities of the
platform in use (app, website, etc.) need to be
conveyed adequately.
 Incorporating regular face-to-face meetings or
sessions into the training program would be
beneficial for older adult participants.
 Established training programs on other
channels (TV, internet, etc.) are strong
alternatives and need to be taken into
consideration.
 Content needs to be conceptualized by
involving members of the target group in order
to learn about specific issues and needs.
While the low number of users at the end of the
project and the constructively critical feedback from
participants may seem to be a setback at first, they
also motivate the project team to continue working on
the topic of tele-fitness. Especially the aspects of
user-centered design (ISO, 2019) and a hybrid
version with a mix of online and offline training could
help a follow-up project of Movinsi! to get more use.
It is also important to better introduce participants to
the platform’s functionalities in the online setting.
The platform-independent implementation approach,
which allows participants to choose the end device
freely according to their own needs (e.g., screen size),
has proven positive. For follow-up projects in this
research area, the main goal is to conduct an efficacy
analysis, which requires randomization from a larger
cohort of potential users as well as a control group.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The project Movinsi! (grant no. ITAT4104) is
partially funded in the European Regional
Development funding program Interreg V-A Italia-
Austria – CLLD. We would also like to thank the
consortium partners of the Movinsi! project and the
field trial participants from Hermagor, Tolmezzo and
Paluzza for supporting our research.
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