WisdomOfAge: Developing a Seniors Digital Platform for Knowledge

Transfer through Participatory Design

Katja Antonia Rießenberger

, Samira-Salomé Hüsler

, Anja Bruggmann

, Simone Eicher

Leen Stulens

and Sabina Misoch

Institute for Ageing Research IAF, OST Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences,

Rosenbergstrasse 59, St. Gallen, Switzerland

in4care/Happy Aging, Interleuvenlaan 10, Leuven, Belgium

leen.stulens@in4care.be

Keywords: Active Aging, Aging Population, Aging Well, Individualization of Retirement Process, Adaptation of the

Labor Market, Social Inclusion, Digital Divide.

Abstract: WisdomOfAge is a platform for knowledge transfer connecting retirees with experience in technological

fields with industrial companies. The goal is to establish a mentor-mentee relationship between both parties.

Companies will benefit from vast practical experience of seniors and the seniors from an opportunity to

actively participate in their former field of work with a workload as high as they choose. This possibility

promotes an individualized approach to retirement, active aging, and awareness of the work experience of

(soon to be) retirees. Since the project is developed in close cooperation with older people, it also fosters

inclusiveness within the technological development process.

1 INTRODUCTION

The increasing life expectancy of the average

population and the continuously declining birth rate

in Europe are leading to a general change in the age

structure and in society (Eatock 2019). Its impact

evokes many societal challenges and affects

individuals and their life planning, as well as modern

work environments. Especially due to the changes

within the new age composition of the labor market

(Cedefop 2016). Consequently, not only images of

aging must be reconceptualized, but also the economy

needs to reorient and adapt itself. In this context, the

organization and perception of retirement are

essential.

It is assumed that the transition to retirement is a

major milestone in a person's life (Schmitt 2018;

Yemiscigil et al. 2021). Retirees must face, among

other things, the fact that they will no longer pursue

their usual work activities. Even though there are

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7960-9625

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-9790

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-0592

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4991

different ways of coping with this change of

paradigm, and some do enjoy their newly found

freedom, which allows a higher focus on family and

voluntary work (Kojola & Moen 2015), others would

still like to engage in some activities related to their

background and experience. This may be explained

by the fact that both paid and unpaid work can provide

a daily structure, a social network as well as a sense

of accomplishment (ibid.). The lack of such

purposeful activities can therefore impact mental

health and reduce a person's perceived quality of life

(Boss 2016; Patel 2018). Consequently, some retirees

wish to stay in touch with their field of work and share

their experience even beyond retirement.

Overall, the retirement planning of the boomer

generation (demographic cohort generally born

between 1946 and 1964) has become more

individualized (Kojola & Moen 2015). However, this

individualization tendency can be brought into line

with the activity theory. This theory assumes that a

Rießenberger, K., Hüsler, S., Bruggmann, A., Eicher, S., Stulens, L. and Misoch, S.

WisdomOfAge: Developing a Seniors Digital Platform for Knowledge Transfer through Participatory Design.

DOI: 10.5220/0011064200003188

In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health (ICT4AWE 2022), pages 261-267

ISBN: 978-989-758-566-1; ISSN: 2184-4984

261

person wants to be and remain active and participate

in social life (Rupprecht 2008). By maintaining an

active lifestyle, older adults’ benefit from long-lasting

mental and physical health – which in the end also

benefits society as a whole.

To proactively evolve, our society must address

the individual needs of retirees.

Simultaneously, valuable know-how is lost,

which is further intensified by the demographic

change and the associated retirement of the boomer

generation.

Depending on the type of company, this

knowledge could be used in different work processes.

For example, SMEs (small and medium-sized

enterprises), which account for around 99% of

companies in Europe (Gischer & Herz 2021), could

benefit in their further development or optimization

of intra-company processes, while start-ups would

profit in the development and/or validation of their

business models.

To counteract this loss of expertise, a more

dynamic adaptation of the labor environment must

take place via knowledge transfer between employees

and people who will soon retire or who are already

retired. This gap can be largely filled by providing

mentoring and other similar services.

There are of course already several online

providers (social platforms, media, or apps) trying to

match these two demands – the desire to remain active

after retirement and the request of life and work

experience. However, most of those platforms only

address the needs of younger users, especially when it

comes to design, while neglecting those of older users,

e.g., most of the existing platforms contain aggressive

advertising, SPAM, complex error messages, etc.

This falls under the challenge of a growing

‘digital divide’ (see 2.1). With the digital

transformation advancing, the digital divide is

generally distinguished by a social disintegration that

derives from an unequal distribution of access to

technologies (Buchmüller et al. 2011). Said divide is

largely influenced by the social factors of age, gender,

and education (in the sense of ‘laymen’ and

‘professionals’) and often results in older adults being

pushed to the margins of social participation (van

Dijk 2006, Buchmüller et al. 2011).

In order to create an equal exchange between

companies and seniors, the needs of older adults must

therefore be given greater attention.

Accordingly, the project WisdomOfAge, or

WoA, intends to develop a new platform based on

interdisciplinary, participatory research. Thus, the

platform aims to be both socially and

developmentally inclusive.

First and foremost, the platform will be

specifically adapted to the needs of seniors, while

providing (industrial) companies with tools for

enhanced knowledge management. Through

WisdomOfAge, older people are supposed to be able

to offer mentoring, guidance, and support to

companies. This will create an innovative, flexible,

and digital space to foster the formation of mentoring

relationships between seniors and employees, thus

contributing to active aging in a digital world.

2 AGISM AND THE

RECOGNITION OF ADDED

VALUE OF SENIORS

‘EXPERIENCE

Agism – “a process of systematic stereotyping of and

discrimination against people because they are old”

(Butler 1975) – is a persistent problem among aging

and digitized societies. People from their mid-60s and

older are perceived as mentally slower, less healthy,

and more resistant towards learning new things (Swift

& Steeden 2020).

2.1 Agism within Digitalization

Although already present beforehand, agism became

even more evident within the fourth industrial

revolution (Schwab 2017) through the ‘digital

divide’, where the component ‘age’ (see also ‘grey

divide’) appears to be key (Friemel 2016). On the one

hand, older adults exclude themselves when it comes

to digitalization (Knowles & Hanson 2018), while on

the other hand, they are excluded by researchers and

product developers (Mannheim et al. 2019).

The marginalization of older adults in technology

development is further aggravated by the phenomena

of design paternalism and age-scripting. Design

paternalism is the oftentimes implicit assumption that

older adults should not be disturbed by technologies

in their everyday life or when using them. They are

thus at times denied creative appropriation processes

of technologies as well as their autonomy and

freedom in using technologies that are specifically

targeted at them (Peine et al., 2014; Peine, 2019;

Neven, 2010; Peine & Moors 2015; Peine & Neven,

2011).

Age-scripting, on the other hand, describes a

process that is based on the premise that age(ing),

technologies, and social contexts are inextricably

linked. The age discourses based on this are then

inscribed unfiltered into new technologies during the

ICT4AWE 2022 - 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health

262

process of technology development (Wanka &

Gallistl, 2021), which in turn influences technology

development unreflectively and therefore often

unnoticed.

Design paternalism and the process of age-

scripting are interdependent as and in so far that

design paternalism can be seen both as a cause of age-

scripting (as part of age discourses) and as a result of

it (based on design paternalism emerging through

age-scripts). These age-scripts as well as design

paternalism are described as two contributing factors

of agism in the field of Science and Technology

Studies (STS) and Socio-Gerontechnology because

of their restrictive, exclusionary, and possibly also

disempowering nature (Peine et al., 2021). Wilkinson

and Ferraro (2002) even argued that, in comparison to

racist or sexist notions, ageist ideas are more likely to

be accepted and even be internalized by older people

themselves. They stated that: “Many aspects of our

culture support ageism. Yet as individuals and as a

society, we have become so conditioned by the

prejudice and discrimination against age that we often

fail to recognize its existence.” (Wilkinson & Ferraro,

2002).

Age studies have long shown that public images

of aging perpetuated in media or marketing practice,

shape the cultural lens through which we perceive and

evaluate age and aging. Although yet understudied, it

can be assumed that these views on aging (of

individuals and in broader society) are crucially

linked with the development of gerontechnologies.

Images of aging are playing an integral and pivotal

part that influence technology designs and how these

technologies are marketed. Societally and personally

held stereotypical views on aging can reach an ageist

level and still end up getting implemented in

technology design. This can e.g., be traced back to the

oftentimes subconscious nature of said stereotypes

and a lack of awareness of such biases. These patterns

have been thoroughly observed and questioned by

different researchers (e.g., Joyce & Mamo 2006;

Neven 2010; Neven 2011; Vines et al., 2015; Cozza

et al. 2017; Peine & Neven 2020). These images then

not only perpetuate the public image of old age but

also beliefs that older adults incorporate about

themselves.

2.2 Added Value of Senior Experience

The aforementioned and other systemically engrained

images, stereotypes, and beliefs in our society may in

turn lead to the exclusion of older people, especially

in the field of technology (including research and

design) and innovation development (Mannheim et

al. 2019). However, this lack of inclusion has a

negative impact on the ‘grey digital divide’ – which,

contrary to assumptions, is not only a phenomenon of

the current generation, but can also be passed on to

future generations (McDonough 2016).

With the increasing number of people 65+, the

economy, as well as the technology sector, will have

to involve older adults in their development strategies

eventually.

However, the inclusion of older people solely as

consumers is not enough; more important is their

involvement in the labor market.

The integration of older people leads to a higher

age diversity in the labor market, which will benefit

companies. Most older people have experienced

various business challenges over the course of their

careers, which enables them to approach problems

with a more realistic outlook (Fischer 2020).

The interdisciplinary team of the WisdomOfAge

project aims to work towards an inclusive project

development as well as to demonstrate the added

value gained from the experiences of older people

within various work processes and acts as a counter-

model to typical technology development processes.

Within the project, older people are not perceived

as less capable, but as knowledgeable and

experienced. In particular, their practical experience

will assist the development and conceptualization of

new ideas. In this context, older people are

knowledge keepers and providers.

The reinterpretation of the role of older people

leads to them not only being able to pursue new tasks

and thus remain active, but also to be perceived as a

valued member of society. WisdomOfAge thus aims

to help aging societies adapt to the new demographic

structure.

3 WISDOM OF AGE

The digital platform WisdomOfAge is being

developed to serve as a bridge between people aged

60+ and industrial companies (mainly in technology-

related fields). Through online courses, training,

project management, mentoring, and more, older

adults will share their knowledge with these

companies within a project-based framework and

therefore help them solve specific problems in their

business.

Nevertheless, the goal is not only the knowledge

transfer per se, but also the promotion of active and

individualized aging.

During the first implementation phase,

WisdomOfAge will focus on the fields of technology

WisdomOfAge: Developing a Seniors Digital Platform for Knowledge Transfer through Participatory Design

263

and engineering. This initially defined target group

will ensure that the subject field can be addressed

more precisely.

Furthermore, there are currently no offers

specifically aimed at older people in this market

segment. Once successfully establishment in the labor

market, the concept will be extended to other areas of

work – such as marketing or data analysis.

For this project, however, the first step is to

identify what seniors require and expect from the

platform and its concept whereas the second step will

be to create a platform that meets these requirements.

3.1 Interdisciplinary Approach

Within the project, SMEs, end-user organizations,

and research institutes work closely together to reach

the aforementioned goals. Therefore, the project

consortium applies an interdisciplinary research and

development approach.

While some of the project partners are mainly

involved in data collection based on co-creation

workshops, end-user testing, and evaluation as well

as validation (Institute for Aging Research, IAF;

in4Care, Happy Aging; see 3.2), others are focused

on the further processing of the generated results,

planning, implementation, and design of the platform,

development of the algorithms as well as the business

plan (Digital Twin, Technical University of Cluj-

Napoca, TUCN, YumiTech, Arx iT). Consequently,

team discussions and the gathering of different

perspectives are an important part within the

development process of the platform.

3.2 Participatory Design/Close

Cooperation with End Users

Even though (Socio-)Gerontechnology slowly

unfolds its potential scope and has begun to renew

naïve techno-deterministic views of aging and

technology through the emergence of empirical

studies of the design and use of technology by and for

older people (Peine et al. 2021), older adults are still

oftentimes excluded from the development process of

such technologies and their design (Mannheim et al.

2019).

However, in order to be able to change design

methods of technologies and therefore apply more

appropriate designs, developers of (geron-)

technologies need to understand in which sense their

products might be problematic regarding aging

related issues.

One approach to counteract the digital exclusion

of technology users is the introduction of

participatory design. It is an attempt to democratically

involve marginalized groups, such as people aged

65+, in innovation processes of digital technologies

and thus increase their chances of digital inclusion

(Björgvinsson et al. 2010). Participatory design

approaches can therefore be regarded as suitable

methodologies to descript age in technology

development, as long as they are enhanced by critical

awareness of ageist patterns in society and symbolism

(Peine & Neven 2019, Ernst & Horwath 2014).

Consequently, it is important to assign end users a

leading role, especially in the early stages of the

development process of WisdomOfAge. Their

opinions and objections regarding the concept, the

user-friendliness, and the design must be considered.

To do so, qualitative as well as quantitative

research approaches are included in the development

of the project. Since differences in social status,

economic status, gender, personal history, or

technology literacy can have major impact on how

technology is or is not appropriated, how it is getting

used or how it is getting modified by the end-user,

especially qualitative research methods can help to

better integrate the heterogeneity of the end-users into

the final product. An aspect that is generally

neglected, especially with older consumers

(Mannheim et al. 2019). End-users are too often

defined as homogenous entities and addressed in a

simplistic manner, which neglects inter-subjective

nuances (Light & Akama 2012; Gujit & Kaul Shah

1998).

In order to generate a scientific basis and to

further develop a detailed concept, a series of co-

creation workshops were held. Based on the feedback

from these workshops, a prototype version is being

developed while the platform’s concept gets adapted.

In a further step, more tests and focus group

interviews will follow.

3.3 Matchmaking using an AI Agent

The target group of WisdomOfAge can be divided

into two groups: Mentors and Mentees.

The mentors are (soon to be) retired engineers or

people from similar work areas who offer their

knowledge and experience. The mentees are expected

to be industrial companies interested in technological

and employee development who want to improve

their knowledge in certain areas.

To ensure the best provider is found for each

customer, a matchmaking tool is developed. To

minimize the risk of incompatibility between mentors

and mentees, an AI agent (artificial neural networks -

ANN implementation) is put into place. An algorithm

ICT4AWE 2022 - 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health

264

thus matches mentors and mentees based on their

needs, skills, and experience.

After an initial matching by the algorithm, a (cost-

free) meeting is organized. Only when both parties

are satisfied with the matching, the matching process

is complete. Once the mentor and the mentee have

been successfully matched, they can start working

together in order to transfer their knowledge and

experiences.

In addition to the matching offer between the

provider and the customer, there is also the possibility

to network between providers themselves. This way,

even larger work teams may be formed, and the

knowledge pool enlarged.

The first meeting after the initial matchmaking

serves to develop an overall objective and strategy.

Subsequent progress is customized through online

meetings, discussions, and training.

The retiree (mentor) then shares his experience

related to the company’s (mentee’s) particular

problem using different online tools (e.g., video

training, instructor led training or presentations,

consulting).

The mentor's primary responsibilities are to

advise, coach, and train the mentee to the extent of his

or her abilities, to assist in the development of goals,

to promote mid-term analyses of project

development, and to motivate the companies to

pursue their objective. In return, mentors get to

continue or intensify their work in their field and thus

pursue an activity that they enjoy and by which they

receive additional financial incentives.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Due to the retirement of the experienced employees,

knowledge is being carried out of the companies,

namely the SMEs of Europe. To transfer their

knowledge to younger employees, the platform

WisdomOfAge is being developed. There, seniors

can offer their expertise to companies in the

technological field. The companies benefit from the

practical experience of seniors who act as mentors. At

the same time, this creates an opportunity for seniors

to continue working in their field even after

retirement, if desired. This enables them to engage in

valued and generative activity that increase their

opportunities for activity and social participation and

thus possibly contributing to their well-being.

As an alternative to typical technology

development processes, the interdisciplinary team of

WisdomOfAge has implemented all-encompassing

participatory design methods to counteract and

decrease ageist patterns, paternalism, and age-

scripting in the platform’s development.

Furthermore, WisdomOfAge aims to highlight

that the experiences of people in the third and fourth

age are important for a digitalizing world and should

not be neglected in society.

WisdomOfAge therefore approaches the

inclusion of the older population on two levels. First,

it emphasizes the added value of the work experience

of older people in terms of development and

innovation planning during the platform´s

development process, and secondly, it also aims to

include older adults in the workplace by valuing their

knowledge and expertise and making it more easily

accessible to companies. Through this, companies

will be better equipped, the work experience of older

people will be used more sustainably, and the

platform will be created and adapted in a way to

reduce agism and prejudices against older adults.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

WisdomOfAge is a project supported by the AAL

program, co-funded by the European Commission

and National Funding Authorities of Romania,

Switzerland, and Belgium.

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