Study on Simulation System of Water Distribution in Water

Receiving Area of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project based

on Topological Water Network

Xiao Zhang

*, Shihui Liu

, Yangjun Tian

, Jiancang Xie

, Chengxi Yu

, Jungang Luo

and Yanyan

Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048,

Shaanxi, China

Hanjiang-to-Weihe River valley water diversion project construction CO.LTD., Shaanxi Province, China

Keywords: The HWT Project, Water Supply Network, Optimal Allocation Model, Simulation Research, Dynamic

Decision Making

Abstract: According to the characteristics and allocation rules of water resources in the water receiving area of

Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project, this paper constructs a topological water network based on

"water source-water plant-water user" water supply network by using topological relationship diagram. On

this basis, based on the integrated platform, the component and knowledge visualization technology are used

to construct the simulation system of dynamic water allocation in the water receiving area of the Hanjiang-

to-Weihe River Diversion Project based on the topological water network. The application results show that

the simulation system can realize dynamic allocation and scheme optimization of water resources, which can

better meet the changing demand of allocation and the preference of decision-makers for the preferred scheme,

overcome the problems of low operability and unable to realize dynamic allocation of traditional water

resources allocation mode.

1 INTRODUCTION

In recent years, in order to meet the needs of social

and economic development in Guanzhong region of

Shaanxi Province, the development of regional water

resources has been intensified, resulting in the

excessive development and utilization of surface

water, groundwater and other water resources in the

area of 595km² centered on the city along the Weihe

River. To ensure water security in the Guanzhong

region, sustainable socio-economic development and

improve the regional ecological environment, the

Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project

(Hereafter uniformly referred to as HWT Project) was

proposed. Although the HWT Project has improved

the plight of water shortage in the Guanzhong region

to a certain extent, one of the main ways and effective

measures to solve the water shortage problem is the

rational allocation of water resources.

Rational allocation of water resources is the

premise and foundation to promote social and

economic development and ecological construction,

Carvalho and Magrini (2006) proposed a strategy

selection method for the water transfer problem of

two river basins in Brazil; Emery and Meek (1960)

established an optimization model when solving

practical problems in the operation of reservoirs in the

Nile River Basin; Yu and Haimes (1974) solved the

complex problem of joint optimal allocation of

regional groundwater and surface water resources;

Romijn & Tamigam (1982) proposed a new method

of alternative value weighing method to solve

multiple objective functions, which fully considered

the multiple values of water resources; Sadegh et al

(2010) proposed a method based on the fuzzy game

to optimize the distribution of water in inter-basin

water transfer projects. There is much research on the

optimal allocation of water resources, sustainable

development and the optimal allocation of the HWT

Project (Yang, 2006; Chang & Jiang, 2011; Su et al.,

2008). However, with the continuous improvement of

research on water resource allocation models and the

continuous development of software development

technology, the problems exposed by traditional

Zhang, X., Liu, S., Tian, Y., Xie, J., Yu, C., Luo, J. and Zhang, Y.

Study on Simulation System of Water Distribution in Water Receiving Area of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project based on Topological Water Network.

In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Water Resource and Environment (WRE 2021), pages 389-396

ISBN: 978-989-758-560-9; ISSN: 1755-1315

389

water resources allocation models are becoming more

and more prominent. The main problems are:

difficulty to achieve dynamic allocation, unable to

adapt to development and change, and poor

operability.

In response to the above problems, this article

generalizes the water supply system of the water

receiving area by the HWT Project according to the

network structure of "water source-water plant-water

user", constructed a multi-objective configuration

model. Based on the integrated platform, using

component technology to componentize the

configuration model method, using the topological

knowledge graph and components to quickly and

flexibly build a water resource allocation system.

Only need to modify the knowledge graph and

customize the corresponding components to deal with

the dynamic changes of the allocation environment.

2 STUDY AREA

The HWT Project spans the Yangtze River and the

Yellow River, and is a large-scale cross-basin water

transfer project in Shaanxi Province (Gao et al.,

2020). The project consists of three parts:

Huangjinxia hydro-junction, Sanhekou hydro-

junction and Qinling water conveyance tunnel. The

total storage capacity of the Huangjinxia Water

Conservancy Project is 2.21×10

, the normal

storage level is 450m, and the dead water level is

440m. The total storage capacity of the Sanhekou

Water Control Project is 7.1×10

, the adjusted

storage capacity is 6.5×10

, the normal storage

level is 643m, and the dead water level is 558m. The

project adopts the construction plan of "one project

approval and water distribution by stages", which

provides conditions for the allocation of water

resources in Shaanxi Province, alleviates the water

shortage problem in Guanzhong area of Weihe River

Basin, and improves the ecological environment of

Weihe River Basin.

Water shortage in the Guanzhong region is

serious, and the amount of water transferred into the

Guanzhong from the HWT Project cannot fully meet

the needs. Therefore, following the water use

principle of "near water near use, high water high use,

excellent water optimal use", determine the water

recipients. It is divided into four important cities, five

new cities, eleven small and medium-sized cities, and

two industrial zones, a total of 22 cities and industrial

zones (Shi et al., 2017). The specific contents of the

recipient water objects are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Water recipients in the guanzhong region of the

HWT project.

User Type Water recipient

Important City

Xi'an, Xianyang, Weinan, Yangling

District

New City

Qinghan New City, Fengxi New

City, Fengdong New City,

Konggang New City, Jinghe New

Cit

Small and

medium-sized

City

Hu County, Changan District,

Xingping, Wugong County,

Sanyuan County, Zhouzhi County,

Yanliang District, Fuping Districe,

Lintong District, Gaoling District,

Hua Count

Industrial Zone

Jingwei Industrial Zone, Weibei

Industrial Zone

3 METHODS

3.1 Generalization of the Water Supply

Network in the Receiving Area of

the HWT Project

The key to water allocation is to understand the

relationship between water users and water sources.

The water receiving area of the HWT Project studied

in this article is a complex system that combines

multiple water sources to supply water and multi-

users to take water. Therefore, simple and reasonable

generalization of the complex water supply system is

the basis for optimal allocation of water resources.

This article will generalize the water supply

network by using the topology diagram method. The

topological relationship diagram refers to the

graphical representation of the water supply network

using graphical elements of points, lines, and

surfaces. The principle of topological geometry is

introduced to describe the mathematical relationship

among the elements of the network and to show the

logical relationship diagram.

3.1.1 Generalization Principle

The water supply network diagram is the basic basis

for guiding the preparation of water resources

allocation models, determining the relationship

between water sources, water users, and water

conservancy projects, and maintaining the harmony

of the three aspects. It is based on the simplification

and abstraction of water resource allocation system,

generalizes it by the basic concept of the system

network. Its generalization should meet the following

principles:

WRE 2021 - The International Conference on Water Resource and Environment

390

(1) The principle of water balance. From the

perspective of supply and demand, the water source

is the water supply side of the water resources

allocation system, and the life, production and

ecology of the water users are the water demand side

of the water resources allocation system. The supply

and demand sides reach balance through water

conservancy projects and water conveyance systems.

Any node on the water supply network diagram

should satisfy:

𝑄



𝑄



𝑄



∆𝑄 (1)

Where 𝑄



is the amount of water input from the

previous node to the node; 𝑄



is the amount of water

lost during the process of supplying water to the node

and the next node; 𝑄



is the amount of water supplied

from the node to the next node; ∆𝑄 is the amount of

water stored at the node.

(2) Joint deployment of multiple water sources.

When generalizing the water supply network for

water resources allocation, it is necessary to simplify

and abstract multiple water sources, and understand

the conversion and transmission relationships

between multiple water sources.

(3) Calculate and transmit between nodes in the

water supply network. The relationship between

water sources and water users is complex and has

many influencing factors. Therefore, it is necessary to

simplify and abstract the water sources, water

transmission lines, water users, and establish the

relationship between the main influencing factors.

3.1.2 Generalization Method

The topological water network is constructed based

on the above water supply network generalization

principle. The generalization method of the

topological water network includes the following four

steps:

(1) The surface elements of water sources such as

basin, groundwater, reclaimed water, and external

transfer water are simplified into node elements such

as hydraulic engineering, groundwater sources,

reclaimed water plants, and external transfer water

pools.

(2) The three-node elements of domestic water,

production water and ecological water are simplified

into one node element of the water object.

(3) According to the supply relationship between

the water source, the water plant and the water object,

the water pipeline is generalized into a straight-line

connection.

(4) Because the surface water, groundwater and

reclaimed water of the local water source have a

stable water supply system with the water object, it is

simply generalized as a direct connection between the

water source and the water object.

3.1.3 Realization of Topological Water

Network

To realize a topological water network, it is first

necessary to generalize the elements in the water

network. For the water-receiving area of the HWT

Project, the generalized objects mainly include water

supply plants, water distribution lines, water

conveyance routes, etc. The specific generalized

graphic elements and content are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Generalized diagram of water supply network.

No.

Figure

Element

Generalized

elements

Note

Water

supply plant

The water plant

responsible for

the water supply

planning of the

water-receiving

area of the HWT

Project

Water

recipients

Water

Recipients of the

HWT Project

Main line of

water

diversion

from HWT

Main lines for

water

transmission and

distribution

Distribution

line of water

diversion

from HWT

The water

supply line from

the water outlet

on the main line

to the

corresponding

water supply

lant

Other water

lines

Surface water

source,

groundwater

source,

reclaimed water

to the water

supply pipeline

Water

supply

reservoir

Reservoir

projects to

undertake the

task of

supplying wate

Reclaimed

water source

Sewage

treatment plant,

providing

recycled water

Study on Simulation System of Water Distribution in Water Receiving Area of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project based on

Topological Water Network

391

No.

Figure

Element

Generalized

elements

Note

supply to the

receiving objects

Groundwater

source

Groundwater

water source

shall provide

groundwater

water supply to

the objects

receiving wate

Outlet

The water outlet

set up on the

main

distribution line,

from the main

line through the

branch line to

the water supply

lant

To treat the water supply network into a form in

which the water resource allocation model can be

applied, the direction of water flow in the water

supply network is described more finely. Generalize

the water supply system in the receiving area of the

HWT Project according to the network structure of

"water source-water plant-water user", and take

special treatment according to the actual situation:

(1) The water diversion from the HWT Project is

directly simplified to the amount of water supplied by

Huangchigou. Huangchigou connects the water

supply plant, and the connection between the water

plant and the water object indicates the supply

relationship.

(2) Projects and reservoirs are directly simplified

to local sources of water.

(3) Without considering the regulation ability of

the reservoir, the water source is directly connected to

the water plant, the water plant and the water object

are directly connected.

(4) Except for water diversion from the HWT

Project, there are already complete water supply

channels in the water receiving area, so the supply

relationship with the water object is directly

expressed by linear connection.

The final determination of the water supply network

structure of the water-receiving area of the HWT

Project is shown in Figure 1:

As shown in Figure 1, various water sources

supply water to "22 water objects and 3 types of

consumers" in the water receiving area of the HWT

Project, and 5 major reservoir projects are involved in

water supply. Surface water sources are allocated to

users through their respective supporting projects,

reclaimed water and groundwater are all used by the

groundwater sources and sewage treatment plants

built locally, as well as supporting projects allocated

to water users. The HWT Project passes through the

water supply line at the water diversion point of

Huangchigou, and distributes the water volume to

each user of each water object.

Figure 1: Simplified diagram of water supply network in the

water-receiving area of the HWT Project.

3.2 Research on the Model of Water

Resources Allocation in the

Water-receiving Area of the HWT

Project

In the context of providing theoretical support for

water distribution in the water-receiving area of the

HWT Project, constructing a multi-objective

allocation model of water resources based on the

"water source-water plant-water user" water supply

network. Its allocation principle obeys the principle

of unified allocation, mutual allocation of multiple

water sources, water supply priority, priority use of

water sources, and overall optimality.

The construction of the water resources allocation

model of the HWT Project needs to consider the three

aspects of social, economic and production benefits.

Therefore, the social benefit target, economic benefit

target, and ecological benefit target function are

defined as follows:

⎩

⎪

⎨

⎪

⎧

Min𝑓





𝑥





𝐷



,



𝑥



,



𝐵

,

𝐷



,











Max𝑓





𝑥



𝑊

,

𝑥



,











Min𝑓





𝑥



0.1𝑑

,

𝑝

,





𝑥



,











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392

Where 𝐾,𝐿,𝐺 are the number of water recipients,

water users, and water plants, 𝐷



,



is 𝑘 water

recipient 𝑙 user water demand; 𝑥



,



is the water

volume of 𝑘 water recipient 𝑙 user; 𝐵

,

is the

relationship matrix of 𝑘 water recipient and 𝑙 water

user; 𝑊

,

is the water supply benefit of 𝑘 water

recipient and 𝑙 user, m³/yuan; 𝑑

,

and 𝑝

,

are

respectively the standard of discharge amount of

waste water pollutants per unit of water for 𝑘 water

recipient and 𝑙 user water, ton/m³ and sewage

discharge coefficient.

Among them: the social benefit mainly considers

the fairness of water resources allocation, and the

minimum water shortage rate in the study area is

taken as the goal of social benefit. The economic

benefit mainly takes into account the principle of high

efficiency of water distribution, and the economic

benefit goal is to maximize the output value of the

unit water supply in the study area. Ecological

benefits mainly take into account the principle of

sustainable development of water resources, and the

ecological goal is to minimize the COD emission of

wastewater into the river in the study area.

The constraint conditions of the model include the

balance constraint of water user supply and demand,

the constraint of the water input and output of the

water plant node, the constraint of the pipeline water

conveyance capacity, and the variable non-negative

constraint, the specific constraint expressions are as

follows:

⎩

⎪

⎨

⎪

⎧

𝑥

,



,



𝐷



,



𝑥



,



𝐵



,











𝐺𝐶







𝑥



,



𝐵𝐶



,



𝑥



,



0





Where 𝑥

,



,



is the amount of water allocated to

the user of 𝑘 water recipient 𝑙 user from the water

source 𝑗 of the water intake plant; 𝐺𝐶



is the total

water supply in each period of the 𝑔 water plant;

𝐵𝐶



,



is the total pipeline water supply capacity of 𝑘

water recipient and 𝑙 user in each period; the

remaining parameter definitions are the same as the

above definitions.

Aiming at the above-mentioned multi-objective

function solution method, this paper uses the NSGA-

Ⅱ algorithm to solve it, genetic algorithm has a strong

global optimization ability. The global optimization

characteristics of the multi-objective genetic

algorithm (Lai et al., 2003) are compatible with the

solution of multi-objective optimization problems.

With the vector evaluation genetic algorithm

(Schaffer, 1984), non-dominated sorting genetic

algorithm (Srinivas & Deb, 1994), non-dominated

sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy (Deb et

al., 2002) and other methods have been proposed one

after another, genetic algorithm is quickly and widely

used in solving non-inferior solutions of multi-

objective optimization problems (Wang et al., 2017).

4 APPLICATION ANALYSIS

4.1 Water Distribution Simulation

System

Based on the comprehensive integration platform and

generalized topological water network of water

receiving area, the simulation system of water

distribution in water receiving area of the HWT

Project is constructed by using component

technology and knowledge visualization

technology. The system includes water demand

prediction calculation, available water supply

calculation, water resources allocation and other

functions to realize dynamic application and guide the

application of water allocation work allocation

scheme, and provide support for decision makers to

optimize the allocation scheme. The key technologies

of simulation system include integrated platform,

knowledge visualization technology and component

development technology.

The construction of a simulation system is based

on the integrated platform (Yu & Zhang, 2016; Xie &

Luo, 2010), includes support layer, resource layer,

integrated the four levels of layer and user layer, can

be set up by means of service composition specific

business application system, which makes the water

in water resources deployment system flexibility on

the building, is the realization of real-time and

dynamic water allocation business foundation.

Use knowledge visualization techniques. In the

visualization construction of water distribution

simulation system in water receiving area of the HWT

project, point and line elements are used to simplify

and abstract the water distribution system. The supply

relations and logical relations among water sources,

water objects and water conservancy projects in the

water resources system of the water receiving area are

expressed by means of points, lines and relevant

words.

Component technology has the characteristics of

high reusability, good interoperability, transparent

implementation details, high interface reliability and

Study on Simulation System of Water Distribution in Water Receiving Area of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project based on

Topological Water Network

393

stability, good scalability, plug and play. By

establishing the mapping relationship between nodes

and components in the knowledge graph (Yan, 2003),

based on the comprehensive integration platform, the

business application of water resources can be

realized.

4.2 Water Demand Forecast and Water

Supply Calculation

The calculation and query services of this application

mainly include the prediction calculation and query

of water demand, the statistics and query of available

water supply and other basic data for water resources

allocation. See Figure 2 for the statistical results of

water demand and available water supply. Click

"Water demand Prediction Statistics" and "Available

water supply Statistics" in the knowledge graph to get

the corresponding calculation results.

The left part is the main interface of water

resource allocation simulation system for the HWT

Project water supply area, and the upper right part is

the calculation of the available water supply of

groundwater, reclaimed water and surface water in

2030. The lower right part is the calculation of the

forecast statistics of water demand in 2030 for the

HWT Project water supply area, which is based on the

prediction and statistical calculation of water demand

in life, production and ecology.

Figure 2: Water demand forecast and available water

calculation result interface.

4.3 Dynamic Allocation of Water

Resources

The dynamic application of the simulation system is

mainly reflected in two aspects: The first is the

dynamic allocation of water resources that changes

with the external social and economic indicators,

water supply indicators, allocation model objectives

and constraints. The second is the water allocation

decision-makers choice of water allocation in the

non-inferior solution of water resources allocation

based on preference.

Figure 3 is the water resources configuration

interface, three aspects of society, economy, and

ecology are provided for the selection of decision-

making goals. The selection of algorithm provides

NSGA-Ⅱ and VEGA algorithms. The dynamic

allocation of water resources is mainly reflected in the

selection of decision-making objectives and model

solving algorithms. The system can perform real-time

dynamic calculation according to the selected results

to obtain the results of water resources allocation

under different conditions. In this paper, social goals

and ecological goals are selected as the objective

function. NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was selected to solve

the multi-objective water resource allocation model.

NSGA- Ⅱ algorithm was selected to solve the multi-

objective water resource allocation model. Regarding

the parameter setting, the population size is set to 200,

the max number of iterations is set to 2000, the

crossover probability is set to 0.5, and the mutation

probability is set to 0.05. After the setting is

completed, the model can be solved.

Figure 3: Water resources configuration application page.

Solving multi-objective problems often results in

multiple solutions. The upper left part of Figure 4 is

the solution result of water resource allocation

scheme solved by NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm in this paper.

Click "View" to display the result of corresponding

solution. In this paper, scheme 6 is selected to display

and explain the configuration results. The upper right

corner is the water resources configuration results of

the water receiving area under the condition of water

diversion from the HWT Project under Scheme 6, and

the lower right corner is the water distribution results

of the objects in the water receiving area more

intuitively displayed through the bar chart. As can be

seen from the figure, Compared with other water-

receiving objects, Xi 'an city has the most water

distribution, with a water distribution volume of 313

million m

. The pie chart shows the percentage of

water distribution after classifying the water

WRE 2021 - The International Conference on Water Resource and Environment

394

distribution results of the water recipients according

to the city scale. It can be seen from the chart that the

water distribution of the HWT Project is mainly

distributed to important cities and small and medium-

sized cities, with important cities accounting for 38%

and small and medium-sized cities 31%.

Figure 4: Program results and analysis application interface.

4.4 Water resources Allocation Plan

Optimization

The allocation of water resources is related to the

social, economic and ecological interests of each

water object. Decision-makers can add corresponding

weight values (the sum of weights is 1) based on the

non-inferior solutions given by the above-mentioned

water resources allocation, filter them to achieve the

purpose of water resources allocation plan

optimization.

As shown in Figure 5, the top solution filter screen

lists 70 alternatives. In the program management

interface in the middle left, decision-makers assign

weights to goals according to individual

needs. Assign the weight of social goals to 0.7 and

ecological goals to 0.3, and click "Filter"; System

according to the weight of each target of select one or

more suitable solution, in the lower left plan

optimization interface, by the target of the importance

of different, concentrated in the water resources

allocation of filter solutions 50 to 70 between the

seven solutions, choose plan 50 and 59 and 70, and

then click "ok", You can view the specific values of

plan 50, 59, and 70. Select all the values of the three

schemes and "right click" to view the histogram of the

analyzed water amount of each water receiving object

of the three schemes in the interface of water

allocation scheme analysis on the lower right, making

the difference of water amount allocated by each

scheme more intuitive.

Figure 5: Application interface for decision-makers'

program selection.

5 CONCLUSIONS

This article in view of the HWT Project the real-time

and dynamic water distribution tapping, correlation,

such as demand. According to the principle of water

transmission and distribution connection, topological

water distribution network of water receiving area of

the project is constructed, multi-objective water

resource allocation model is established, and water

distribution simulation system of water receiving area

of the HWT project is built based on comprehensive

integration platform and topological water

network. The main research results and conclusions

are as follows:

(1) Aiming at the HWT project, the relationship

between water receiving object and water source and

water plant supply is analyzed. Based on topology

theory, the water source - water plant - water user

water supply network is generalized, and the

topological water distribution network of water

receiving area is constructed.

(2) The model of water resources allocation in the

water receiving area should take into account the

three aspects of society, economy and production

benefit comprehensively to provide theoretical basis

and support for water allocation in the water receiving

area of the HWT Project, so as to realize the

sustainable utilization of water resources in the water

receiving area and the sustainable development of the

society.

(3) Based on the comprehensive integration

platform and topological water network, the

simulation system of water distribution in the water

receiving area of the HWT Project is built by using

knowledge visualization technology and component

development technology. Through the system, water

demand prediction and available water supply

calculation can be carried out, and dynamic allocation

Study on Simulation System of Water Distribution in Water Receiving Area of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project based on

Topological Water Network

395

of water resources and optimization of allocation

scheme can be realized.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was supported by Shaanxi Education

Department research plan project Grant No. 20JT055,

Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi

Province(Grant No. 2019JLZ-15, 2019JLZ-16) and

Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi

Province(Grant No. 2020slkj-16, 2019slkj-13,

2018slkj-4). The authors thank the editor for their

comments and suggestions.

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