Assessment Method on Groundwater Recharge Effect

Zhe Wang

1,*

, Bao Qian

, Jingsi Zhu

, and Yu Li

Hydrology Bureau of Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission, the Ministry of Water Resources, Tianjin 300170,

China

Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, CWRC, Wuhan 430010, China

Keywords: Groundwater, Recharge, AHP, Index system, Effect assessment

Abstract: In view of the serious problem of groundwater overdraft in North China, the experimental reaches of Hutuo

River, Fuyang River and Nan Juma River in Hebei Province were selected to evaluate the groundwater

recharge effect. The evaluation index system of groundwater recharge effect is established by selecting

indexes from the six aspects of groundwater level recovery rate, water surface area change rate, water quality

improvement degree, water ecology improvement degree and public satisfaction degree. with AHP. A simple

and practical index calculation method is selected to calculate and analyze the changes of indexes before and

after the river reach replenishment, and to assess the effect of ecological replenishment. The results show that

the groundwater recharge effect of the experimental reach can be classified into three grades by using the

established groundwater recharge effect assessment technology, namely, the assessment grade of Hutuo River

is "very good", that of South Juma River is "good", and that of Fuyang River is "general". The assessment

results of the three pilot river sections are basically consistent with the actual water replenishment effect.

1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND

Groundwater is an important source of water supply

in our country, and plays an important role in

ensuring economic and social development, national

drinking water safety, and maintaining a good

ecological environment. Since our country began to

develop and utilize groundwater resources on a large

scale in the early 1970s, the amount of groundwater

extraction has increased rapidly (Zhang & Fei, 2012).

In China, especially in North China, the long-term

large-scale exploitation of groundwater has caused

serious over-exploitation of groundwater, resulting in

a series of ecological and environmental problems

such as groundwater table decline, river and lake

surface shrinkage, land subsidence, seawater

intrusion, and groundwater pollution, caused a

serious threat to the protection of national water

security and regional sustainable development. Our

(Zhuang & Zhang, 2013) country has made it clear in

2011 that it is necessary to strengthen groundwater

protection, control groundwater over-extraction, and

achieve a balance of extraction and recharge (Cao &

Shen, 2019). Therefore, the artificial recharge of

groundwater is an important task for the development

and utilization of groundwater under the new

situation, and it has important guiding significance

for the rational development and utilization of

groundwater (Liu & Xiao, 2015).

The increase of demand for water resources due to

rapid economic development has led to a continuous

decrease of the total amount of water resources,

which has made great progress in the research on the

theory and methods of artificial groundwater

replenishment (Han & Shao, 2014). Henan, Hebei,

Shandong and other provinces (Li & Zheng, 2005;

Huang et al, 2001), as well as Beijing, Shanghai,

Tianjin, Hangzhou, Xi'an, Shenyang and other cities

and some typical areas have conducted large-scale

artificial groundwater replenishment experiments

(Yu & Li, 2000; Sun & Miao,2001) and has achieved

good theoretical and practical results. Artificial

recharge of groundwater is currently the main method

for regulating water resources in many countries in

the world (Sun & Miao, 2001; Ziegler et al., 2001;

Dillon, 2002; Sanford, 2002) and some good results

have been achieved. For artificial recharge of

groundwater, the main methods are recharge methods,

recharge water sources, and recharge technologies,

recharge water quality, recharge blockage, etc.

However, it is worth noting that although domestic

and foreign experts usually evaluate the effect of

Wang, Z., Qian, B., Zhu, J. and Li, Y.

Assessment Method on Groundwater Recharge Effect.

In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Water Resource and Environment (WRE 2021), pages 257-267

ISBN: 978-989-758-560-9; ISSN: 1755-1315

257

groundwater replenishment from one or more

combinations of indicators such as replenishment rate,

infiltration replenishment range, effective water

storage rate, groundwater level, and water quality

(Lemer & Issar, 1990; Bhagyawant, 2008; Elango,

2015), so far there has not been a standard of

groundwater artificial replenishment evaluation

method and evaluation that that widely accepted

around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to explore

appropriate evaluation methods and establish a

simple and feasible evaluation index system for the

analysis and evaluation of groundwater recharge

effect. This will make the evaluation method of

ecological recharge effect more scientific. Scientific

evaluation methods can ensure the

comprehensiveness and objectivity of the evaluation

of the improvement of water resources and water

environment by ecological water supplement. All of

these will be conducive to the large-scale

development of water resources management and

evaluation, as well as the protection of groundwater

resources and ecological environment recovery.

In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process is used,

and its principle is the construction of evaluation

index system. By analyzing the changes of typical

indexes before and after water recharge, the

evaluation index system and calculation method of

water recharge effect are established, and the

comprehensive effect of ecological water recharge is

evaluated. Provide data support and scientific

reference for the evaluation of groundwater recharge

effect in the entire North China Plain over-

exploitation area in the future.

2 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

AREA

This paper takes the pilot section of the three recharge

channels and the surrounding area within 10km of the

Hutuo River, Fuyang River, and South Juma River in

Hebei Province as the evaluation scope (Figure 1).

The experimental rivers have been in a dry state for a

long time, and the surrounding areas have been over-

exploited and the water loss of rivers and lakes is

serious. The pilot river sections of the three water

supply channels are 477 km long, involving 26

counties (cities, districts) in 6 cities, including

Shijiazhuang, Hengshui, Cangzhou, Handan, Xingtai,

and Baoding. It passes through many major shallow

groundwater funnel areas such as Ningbolong,

Gaoliqing, and Yimu Spring.The experimental rivers

have been in a dry state for a long time, and the

surrounding areas have been over-exploited and the

water loss of rivers and lakes is serious. Water

recharge started on September 13, 2018, and as of

August 31, 2019, the total water recharge volume was

1.35 billion m

. According to the statistics of water

supply sources, the middle route of the South-to-

North Water Diversion Project provides water supply

of 8.9 million m

,370 million m

of local reservoirs

and 80 million m

of reclaimed water. According to

the statistics of the pilot river section, the Hutuo River

provides 830 million m

of water, the Fuyang River

provides 350 million m

, and the South Juma River

provides 160 million m

,Comprehensively

considering the regional impact of hydrological

factors such as water recharge, precipitation,

evaporation, and channel storage in the evaluation

area, and the impact of water withdrawal around the

river channel, In the end, the three pilot river sections

infiltrated and recharged about 930 million m

groundwater.

Figure 1: The location of study area.

There are 30 monitoring sections of surface water

in the replenishing river section, including 10 Hutuo

River, 11 Fuyang River and 9 Nan Juma River; 111

groundwater level monitoring wells (Figures 2-4),

among them, 70 eyes at the groundwater level

monitoring station of Hutuo River, 27 eyes at Fuyang

River, and 14 eyes at Nanjuma River, all of which are

automatically monitored. There are 11 water quality

monitoring cross-sections (Figures 2-4), including 4

Hutuo River, 4 Fuyang River, and 3 Nanjuma River;

A total of 12 survey sections were set up for the

aquatic ecology field survey, including 4 Hutuo River,

4 Fuyang River, and 4 Nanjuma River; and in the later

stage of water recharge, we went to three pilot river

sections to conduct social impact surveys.

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258

Figure 2: Layout of monitoring stations in Hutuo river.

3 EVALUATION METHOD

AHP is a multi-objective decision analysis method

that based on expert experience and combines

qualitative and quantitative analysis to quantify,

compare and hierarchical analysis the inherent

characteristics of the evaluation object. This method

can not only describe the hierarchical attributes of the

evaluation object, but also consider the relative

importance and interrelationship of various

influencing factors (Elango, 2015). Evaluation of

groundwater recharge effect has comprehensive and

systematic characteristics. The effect of groundwater

recharge involves many aspects such as changes in

the amount of groundwater recharge, changes in

water quality, improvement of water ecology, and

social impact. A comprehensive evaluation of the

effect of groundwater recharge can be achieved by

establishing an analytic hierarchy model. At the same

time, the evaluation index system should follow the

principles of scientific comprehensiveness, simplicity

and practicality, and wide application in order to

achieve an efficient scientific evaluation of the effect

of groundwater recharge.

Figure 1: Layout of monitoring stations in Fuyang River.

Assessment Method on Groundwater Recharge Effect

259

Figure 2: Layout of monitoring stations in Nan Juma River

3.1 Construction of Indicator System

According to the experiment experience of

groundwater recharge in rivers and lakes, ecological

recharge has an impact on many aspects, such as,

river and lake water volume, river and lake water

surface restoration, groundwater level, river and lake

and groundwater quality, river and lake and

surrounding water ecological environment. At the

same time, in order to understand the attitudes and

opinions of residents along the water recharge river

and the public on the work of replenishing

groundwater in rivers and lakes, it is necessary to

investigate the public's satisfaction with ecological

water recharge. Therefore, based on the principles of

constructing the evaluation index system, six

representative and easy to quantify evaluation

indexes were selected as the evaluation indexes of the

groundwater recharge effect: 1) Infiltration recharge

rate: reflects the effective degree of infiltration and

recharge of groundwater in rivers and lakes;

2)Groundwater level recovery rate: reflecting the

recovery of aquifer water level after water

supplement: 3)Water quality improvement degree:

reflects the comprehensive improvement effect of

groundwater recharge on surface water and

groundwater quality, and can characterize the

improvement of the water environment in the

receiving area; 4) Water surface area change rate:

reflects the quality of water supplement effect; 5)

Water ecology improvement degree: reflects the

structure of biological community and species

diversity; 6) Public Satisfaction: Reflects the public's

awareness, attitudes and suggestions on the work of

replenishing groundwater in rivers and lakes around

the water supply channel. According to the evaluation

structure of groundwater recharge effect, the

evaluation model is divided into two layers. From top

to bottom, the first layer is the target layer, and the

second layer is the index factor layer. Based on this,

a hierarchical model of groundwater recharge effect

evaluation is established as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: The evaluation model of groundwater recharge.

3.2 Index Calculation Method

The evaluation of the effect of groundwater recharge

is by analyzing the changes of evaluation indicators

before and after replenishing water. Evaluate the

effect of ecological water recharge on improving river

and lake water volume, groundwater level, water

quality, and ecological environment. The data

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260

acquisition method and calculation method of the

evaluation index are shown in Table 1. Because the

amount of precipitation has a greater impact on

groundwater infiltration recharge and groundwater

level changes, so it is necessary to deduct the

influence of precipitation factors for special

precipitation years (such as abundant or partial

abundance, dry or partial dry), and revise the

assessment results. The correction mainly considers

two indicators: infiltration recharge rate and

groundwater level recovery rate. Refer to Table 2 for

the corresponding relationship between the correction

coefficient and the precipitation frequency.

Table 1: The evaluation index calculation of groundwater recharge effect.

Evaluation

index

Data acquisition

method

Calculation method Method description

Infiltration

recharge rate

Dynamic

monitoring, data

investigation

Water balance method

The calculation principle is scientific, the method is

simple, and the water quantity relationship is clear.

This article mainly uses this metho

Model simulation

A large amount of topographic and geological data and

monitoring data are required, and the model

construction and parameter adjustment are

complicated, which is not suitable for short-term

rolling effect evaluation

Groundwater

level recovery

rate

Dynamic

Monitoring

Isosurface method

Analyze the area of the region where the groundwater

level rises, stabilizes, and falls, and its proportion to

the area of the evaluation area, through the contour

(surface) map of the change of groundwater depth in

the evaluation area before and after water

replenishmen

Monitoring well

statistics method

When the groundwater flow field is difficult to draw,

the monitoring well statistics method can be used to

calculate the ratio of rising, stabilizing, and falling

water level of the

roundwater monitorin

well.

Water surface

area change

rate

Remote sensing

image

interpretation, drone

aerial survey, site

survey and

measurement

review

Direct calculation

Calculate the change of water surface area before and

after water replenishment, the higher the increase rate,

the better the water replenishment effect

Water quality

improvement

Dynamic

Monitoring

The method of River

section length

Surface water quality improvement degree calculation

method

The method of

Monitoring section

statistics

Surface water quality monitoring stations can be used

to calculate the improvement degree of surface water

ualit

when there are few

Direct calculation

The percentage of groundwater monitoring wells

whose water quality has improved to the total number

of monitoring wells in the area represents the degree of

groundwater quality improvement

The weighted sum of the improvement of surface

water and groundwater quality indicates the

com

rehensive im

rovement of water

ualit

Water ecology

improvement

Site sampling

survey

Direct calculation

Comparing changes in the types of aquatic organisms

and shore cover plants before and after water

replenishment to reflect the degree of improvement of

water ecology.

Public

satisfaction

Visit survey, issue

questionnaire

Score calculation

The questionnaire adopts a hundred-point system.

According to the importance of questions, assign a

value to each

uestion, and finall

calculate the sum

Assessment Method on Groundwater Recharge Effect

261

Table 2: The correction coefficient and precipitation Frequency.

Table 3: The evaluation index judgment matrix of groundwater recharge effect.

Infiltration

rate

Groundwater

level recovery

rate

Water area

change rate

Water quality

improvement

Water ecology

improvement

Public

satisfaction

Infiltration rate 1 2 3 4 5 6

Groundwater

level recovery

rate

1/2 1 2 3 4 5

Water area

chan

e rate

1/3 1/2 1 2 3 4

Water quality

rovement

1/4 1/3 1/2 1 2 3

Water ecology

improvement

1/5 1/4 1/3 1/2 1 2

Public

satisfaction

1/6 1/5 1/4 1/3 1/2 1

3.3 Index Weight and Evaluation

Classification

3.3.1 Index Weightand Classification of

Value Division

Each index factor has a different degree of influence

on the effect of groundwater recharge, and its role in

the evaluation system is also different. This study

uses the analytic hierarchy process combined with

expert experience to construct the judgment matrix

(Table 3), Calculate the maximum eigenvalue of the

judgment matrix and the corresponding eigenvector

by the sum-product method, and the weight value of

each index factor can be obtained by normalization

processing (Table 4). From a simple and practical

point of view, the index values are divided into four

levels on average, and each level is re-assigned from

low to high. And the value of each index can refer to

Table 5.

3.3.2 Classification of Evaluation Results

According to the index weight and value standard, the

scores of each evaluation index can be calculated.

And the sum of the scores is the total evaluation score

of groundwater recharge effect. Because groundwater

recharge is positive and beneficial for controlling

groundwater overexploitation and improving the

ecological environment, so the evaluation results are

divided into four levels according to the total score:

poor, fair, good and very good (significant). See

Table 6 for the classification of rating results.

Table 4: Evaluation index weight of groundwater recharge

effect.

Infiltration rate 0.379

Groundwater level

recovery rate

0.249

Water area change rate 0.160

Water quality

rovement

0.102

Water ecology

rovement

0.065

Public satisfaction 0.043

CR=0.019<0.1 Meet the consistency test

Precipitation level high flow year

Partial high

flow yea

Average

flow yea

Low flow year

Partial low

flow yea

guarantee ratep / % ≤12.5

12.5＜p≤37.5

37.5＜

P≤62.5

62.5＜P≤87.5 ＞87.5

Correc

tion

factor

Water

supplement

coefficient

Points×0.8 Points×0.9 Points×1.0 Points×1.1 Points×1.2

Water level

recover

rate

Points×0.8 Points×0.9 Points×1.0 Points×1.1 Points×1.2

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262

Table 5: Grading standard of evaluation index.

Index

Index value

classification

Measure

Effect

evaluation

index

0-0.25 25

0.25-0.5 50

0.5-0.75 75

0.75-1.0 100

Table 6: Classification of evaluation results.

Evaluati

on score

≤30

30＜

p≤60

60＜

p≤80

80＜P≤100

Replenis

hment

effect

Poor general better

Very good

(significantly)

4 EVALUATION OF

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

EFFECT

4.1 Construction of Indicator System

4.1.1 Evaluation of Infiltration Recharge

According to the calculation, the total water supply of

the three pilot river sections is 1.35 billion m

, the

water inflow in the interval is about 100 million m

(total precipitation is 9 billion m

, and the total inflow

is 1.43 billion m

. According to the calculation of the

water balance formula, the infiltration groundwater

volume of the three pilot river sections is 950 million

(see Table 7). And finally calculate the infiltration

rate (The proportion of infiltration water in total

recharge water and inflow water) is about 66%. It is

calculated that the infiltration and recharge of

groundwater in the Hutuo River, Fuyang River, and

Nanjuma River are 656 million m

, 183 million m

and 110 million m3, respectively, and the infiltration

recharge rate is 80%, 44%, and 57%, respectively.

Table 7: Recharge water volume of infiltration

Unit: Ten thousand m

Replenishment

reach

supply

water

quantity

precipitation evaporation

channel

storage

capacity

variable

River

outflow

Water

withdrawal

along the

line

infiltration

capacity

Infiltrat

ion rate

Hutuo Rive

84077 563 2805 5987 7250 65598 80%

Fuyang rive

42345 163 937 168 3719 19070 18614 44%

nan Juma

Rive

18998 194 1060 188 5741 1230 10973 57%

Sum 142420 920 4802 6343 16710 20300 95185 66%

4.1.2 Evaluation of Groundwater Level Rise

According to the groundwater dynamic monitoring

data before and after water recharge, the dynamic

change process of the average groundwater level of

the pilot reach is shown in Figures 2 - 4. Based on the

data of multiple groundwater level monitoring wells

distributed in the Hutuo River, Fuyang River, and

South Juma River sections, the changes in the

groundwater level before and after water

supplementation were compared and analyzed. The

groundwater level within 10km of the three recharge

pilot rivers dropped by an average of 0.03m, and the

overall situation is stable. The groundwater level of

the Hutuo River section increased by 0.33m on

average, the groundwater level of the Fuyang River

section decreased by 0.23m, and the groundwater

level of the South Juma River section decreased by

0.29m on average. But during the same period, the

groundwater level in the area without water recharge

(the area outside the 10km range of the pilot river

section) dropped by an average of 0.96m. In a year

with similar historical precipitation (2014), the

groundwater level within the 10km range of the pilot

river in the same period dropped by an average of

4.14m, and the comparison shows that the

groundwater level has relatively increased after water

recharge, and the water recharge effect is obvious.

Through the Kriging interpolation calculation of the

groundwater monitoring well water level data in the

study area, the groundwater level recovery rates of the

Hutuo River, Fuyang River, Nanjuma River and the

surrounding 10km range are 36%, 17%, and 6%

respectively.

Assessment Method on Groundwater Recharge Effect

263

4.1.3 Evaluation of Water Surface Area

Change

Interpret the water surface area of the pilot river

sections at different stages by using remote sensing

images of each month during the entire water

supplement period before and after the water

supplement. Comparative analysis shows that,

compared with the severe dry-off situation in the pilot

river section before water supplementation, after

water supplementation, the water surface of the

supplementary river section has been fully connected

and the water surface area has been significantly

restored. The water surface area of Hutuo River,

Fuyang River, and Nanjuma River all reached the

largest increase in the two months of water recharge.

Among them, the water surface area of Hutuo River

increased significantly, with the largest new water

surface area being 21 km

respectively. At the end of

the water recharge, the water surface area of the three

river sections was 30km

, which was 8.56km

than before the water recharge, and the water surface

area change rate was 39%. Among them, the Hutuo

River increased by 8.91km

, and the water surface

area change rate was 78%; the Fuyang River and

Nanjuma River decreased by0.09km

and 0.26km

respectively, and the water surface area change rate

was -2% and -4%.

4.1.4 Evaluation of Water Quality

Improvement

Analyzing the data of 11 surface water quality

monitoring sections in three river sections (Table 8)

shows that the water quality categories of 6 sections

have improved, and the water quality categories of 3

sections are basically stable. Two deteriorating water

quality sections were mainly affected by the decrease

in water supply flow in the later period. The

monitoring section was in a cut-off state, the water

body was not flowing, and the water quality gradually

deteriorated due to the influence of temperature and

pollutants. Among them, the improvement rate of the

surface water quality of Hutuo River and Fuyang

River was 75%, and the improvement rate of surface

water quality of the South Juma River was 100%. Use

groundwater monitoring well monitoring data (Table

9) to analyze the changes in groundwater quality

before and after water supplementation. It shows that

the groundwater quality in the area where the pilot

river section is located is poor, and the groundwater

quality in the vicinity of the river has improved after

water supplementation, and the concentration of some

water quality indicators has been significantly

reduced. Among them, the groundwater quality of the

Nanjuma River has improved significantly, with an

improvement ratio of 80%; the improvement effect of

the Hutuo River and Fuyang River is not obvious,

with the improvement ratios of 26% and -8%

respectively. According to the improvement degree of

surface water and groundwater quality of the three

river sections, formula (1) is used for comprehensive

evaluation and calculation.

𝛾 = 𝛼 ∗ 0.5 + 𝛽 ∗ 0.5 (1)

In the formula, represents the improvement

degree of surface water quality, and represents the

improvement degree of groundwater quality.

It is calculated that the water quality

improvement of Hutuo River, Fuyang River, and

Nanjuma River are 51%, 34%, and 90%

respectively.

4.1.5 Evaluation of Aquatic Ecology

Improvement

A comparative analysis of the ecological environment

(Table 10) between the three recharge river sections

and the reference river section (the sections with no

flow in the pilot area) showed that: after recharge, the

aquatic species and shore vegetation of the three pilot

rivers have recovered and the biodiversity is diverse.

The performance has improved, and the water

ecological environment has improved significantly.

According to the data in Table 10, formula (2) is used

to calculate the water ecological improvement degree

of various organisms, and then the average value is

taken to obtain the comprehensive water quality

improvement degree.

−

(2)

In the formula, m0 represents the number of

biological species before water recharge (or reference

river section), and m1 represents the number of

biological species after water recharge

It is calculated that the water ecological

improvement degree of Hutuo River and Fuyang

River are 46% and 87%, respectively. The

biodiversity of various species in the South Juma

River is relatively high, and the water ecological

improvement degree evaluated is 94%.

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Table 8: Change of surface water quality.

Replenishment

reach

Section name

Water quality in the early

sta

e of re

lenishment

Water quality at the

end of Au

ust 2019

Improved or stable

water

ualit

Hutuo River

Site 1 the main water way Ⅱ √

Site2 the main water way Ⅱ √

Site3 the main water way inferiorⅤ ×

Site4 Ⅳ Ⅲ √

Fuyang river

Site5 Ⅱ Ⅱ √

Site1 inferiorⅤ Ⅴ √

Site2

the main water way/劣Ⅴ

Ⅴ √

Site3 inferiorⅤ inferiorⅤ ×

Nan Juma River

Site1 Ⅱ Ⅱ √

Site2 Ⅱ Ⅱ √

Site3 inferiorⅤ Ⅴ √

Table 9: Change of groundwater quality.

Replenishment

reach

Number of monitoring wells

efore water re

lenishment

Number of monitoring wells after

water re

lenishment

Number of

monitoring wells with

improved water

ualit

Ⅰ-Ⅲcategory Ⅳ-Ⅴcategory Ⅰ-Ⅲcategory Ⅳ-Ⅴcategory

Hutuo River 5 19 10 14 5

Fuyang rive 2 24 0 26 -2

Nan Juma River 6 5 10 1 4

Sum 13 48 20 41 7

Table 10: Water ecological improvement.

Replenishment reach Hutuo River Fuyang river Nan Juma River

Number of

aquatic

organisms/

species

Benthos

Replenishment reach 14 16 29

Reference reach 9 6 16

Phytoplankton

Replenishment reach 34 31 36

Reference reach 30 23 21

Zooplankton

Replenishment reach 35 34 55

Reference reach 27 20 36

Fish

Replenishment reach 5 4 6

Reference reach 3 2 2

Bank slope

vegetation

Replenishment reach 13

Reference reach 8

4.1.6 Evaluation of Public Satisfaction

Conduct surveys on water users, the public,

government workers, etc. near the banks of the river

in terms of the amount of water recharge, water level

rise, water quality improvement, and ecological

improvement. Regarding ecological water recharge,

90% of the people interviewed believed that the river

water volume had increased significantly and

expressed satisfaction with the results of ecological

water recharge. Regarding the benefits of ecological

water recharge, 83% of the interviewed people think

that the groundwater level has rebounded, 75% of the

interviewed people think that the ecological

landscape has been improved; 80% of the interviewed

people think that the water quality has improved after

Assessment Method on Groundwater Recharge Effect

265

the water supply. According to the survey and

statistical evaluation, the public satisfaction of

Hutuohe questionnaire survey is 90%, that of

Fuyanghe is 90%, and that of Nanjumahe is 80%.

4.2 Analysis of Evaluation Results

According to the index evaluation weights (Table 4)

and the measurement method (Table 5), and

considering that 2019 is a year of relatively dry

precipitation, the calculation results of the infiltration

recharge rate and groundwater level recovery rate are

revised, and the values of each indicator are re-valued

and multiplying by the weight and summing up, the

final evaluation scores of the three river sections are

obtained, as shown in Table 11.

Table 11: Index value and evaluation score of water

replenishment effect in three river sections.

Water

replenishment

section

Hutuo

River

Fuyang

rive

Nan

Juma

Rive

Infiltration

replenishment

rate

100 50 75

Groundwater

level recovery

rate

50 25 25

Water surface

area change rate

100 25 25

Water quality

improvement

75 50 100

Water ecology

rovement

50 100 100

Public

satisfaction

100 100 100

Score 81.5 45 65

It can be seen from Table 7 that Hutuo River’s

evaluation score is 81.5 points, and the evaluation

level is “very good”; Fuyang River’s evaluation score

is 45 points, and the evaluation level is “fair”; Nan

Juma River’s evaluation score is 65 points, and the

evaluation level is “good”. The evaluation scores of

various indicators in the three pilot river sections are

consistent with the actual water supplement effect.

The evaluation scores of groundwater level

recovery rate in the three pilot river sections are all

low, which is consistent with the actual situation of

water level monitoring. From the actual monitoring

data, the groundwater level in the Hutuo River area

increased by 0.33m on average, and the groundwater

level in the Fuyang River and Nanjuma River areas

decreased by 0.23m and 0.29m on average. The

Hutuo River's infiltration recharge rate and water

surface area change rate have the highest evaluation

scores, which are consistent with the actual water

recharge situation. Since the amount of water

recharge directly affects the amount of groundwater

infiltration recharge and the change of water surface

area, the more water recharge amount, the more

obvious the increase in water surface, and the more

groundwater infiltration recharge. Among the three

river sections, the Hutuo River has the largest water

supply, with 810 million m3, the Fuyang River has

350 million m3 of water, and the South Juma River

has 160 million m3 of water. The improvement of

water quality and water ecology is not only affected

by the amount of water recharge, but also related to

the natural background of the river, the quality of the

water recharge and the surrounding environment

along the river. On the whole, the water quality and

ecological environment assessment results of the

South Juma River are the best, consistent with the

actual situation.

According to the comprehensive evaluation

results, the Hutuo River’s evaluation grade is “very

good” because the two important indicators, the

infiltration recharge rate and the water surface area

change rate, play a decisive role. These two indicators

are mainly affected by the amount of water

supplemented by the river. The South Juma River is

rated as "good" because the two indicators of water

quality improvement and water ecology improvement

are the highest. Although the water supply is the

lowest in this section, but the water quality and

aquatic environment of the section are good; Fuyang

River The evaluation grade is "general", which is

specifically manifested in the low infiltration

recharge rate, groundwater recharge rate, water

surface area change rate, and water quality

improvement rate, mainly due to the low water

recharge in this section, and affected by factors such

as the increase of groundwater extraction for

irrigation in the later stage of water recharge, the

decrease of water recharge flow and less precipitation.

5 CONCLUSION

(1) The groundwater recharge effect in the study area

is remarkable. During the recharge period, the water

surface area was increased by 24km2 compared with

that before the recharge. The water quality of the river

was significantly improved, the ecology of the river

section was restored, the species of organisms

increased to a certain extent, and the vegetation on the

bank increased; The infiltration and recharge of

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groundwater is about 950 million m3; under the

condition of a 40% reduction in precipitation and an

increase in groundwater extraction along the line by

15%, the groundwater level is generally stable, with

an average increase of 0.93m compared with areas not

affected by water recharge, and in some areas The

quality of groundwater has improved.

(2) Using the analytic hierarchy process, the

groundwater recharge effect evaluation index system

established by selecting indicators from the four

aspects of water quantity, water quality, water

ecology, and social impact, the index factors are

available and dynamic, the evaluation method has

operability and simplicity, and the evaluation result is

more comprehensive.

(3) The evaluation grades of the water recharge

effect of the Hutuo River, Nanjuma River and Fuyang

River are "very good", "good", and "fair" respectively,

the evaluation result is basically consistent with the

actual water supplement effect, it is proved that the

evaluation index system has certain applicability for

groundwater recharge effect evaluation, and it can

provide theoretical basis and technical support for

water resources management evaluation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported by the National Key R&D

Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFE0106500).

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