Breakfast Eating Habit and Dairy Consumption in Relation to

Nutritional Status among Junior High School Student in Painan,

West Sumatra Province

Putri Aulia Arza

, Nadia Chalida Nur

, Rika Sabri

Departement of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis Street, Padang City, Indonesia

Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing Universitas Andalas. Limau Manis Street,

Padang City, Indonesia

Keyword: Teenager, Breakfast Habits, Dairy Consumption, Nutritional Status of Students.

Abstract: Breakfast and dairy consumption has been labelled the most important meal of the day, especially in early

adolescent. This study was conducted to analyse the nexus between breakfast habit and dairy consumption

with the nutritional status of junior high school in Painan, West Sumatera Province. This research method is

correlation descriptive with a sample of 67 junior high school students taken by quota sampling method. The

instrument used in the form of a questionnaire sheet for Breakfast Habit, dairy consumption and nutritional

status of adolescents. Bivariate analysis of statistical tests used chi square test. The results showed that 29

students (43%) belonged to the thin category, the breakfast habit in the skipper category was 23 people

(34,3%), dairy consumption in the rare category was 10 people (15%). Bivariate analysis described a

relationship between breakfast habit and dairy consumption with the nutritional status of students with p

values of 0.2 and 0.0001, respectively. In conclusion, breakfast habit have significant correlation with

nutritional status of students. From the results of this study, it is suggested that there is a need for nutritional

education to students to increase the awareness of breakfast and dairy consumption.

1 INTRODUCTION

Adolescents are one of the important elements in the

development of a society nation that needs to pay

attention to its health. Adolescence is an age the

transition from childhood to adulthood, starting from

the age of 10-19 years and not married (Depkes,

2010). During adolescence, many changes that

happened. In addition to physical changes due to

increased muscle mass, also Increased fat tissue in the

body and hormonal changes occur. These changes

basically greatly affect nutritional and food needs

in adolescents (Sulistyoningsih, 2011).

The imbalance between energy intake in

adolescents can cause nutritional problems, both

overnutrition and undernutrition (Sulistyoningsih,

2011). The prevalence of overnutrition in adolescents

in Indonesia is increasing every year. Based on data

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from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas 2013) The

prevalence of adolescents in the obese category in

Indonesia based on Riskesdas data in 2007 was 8.8%,

in 2010 was 1.4%, while in 2013 it was 5.7%. There

was an increase of 4.3% from 2010 to 2013.(7) As for

the prevalence of underweight adolescents in 2007

was 14.8%, in 2010 it was 7.1%, while in 2013 it was

7.5 %. There was an increase from 2010 to 2013 by

0.45.(8) Provinces with The highest obesity

prevalence was DKI Jakarta (4.2%) and the lowest

was West Sulawesi (0.6%) (5-7). Meanwhile, West

Sumatra is in the 6th lowest in the overweight

category. As many as 10.08% of the population of

West Sumatra are overweight. For the skinny

category, West Sumatra is in the top 10, with 11.84%.

Eating habits acquired during adolescents will

have an impact on health in later life, after adulthood

and old age. The role of parents is very important in

regulating breakfast patterns morning son. Breakfast

Arza, P., Nur, N. and Sabri, R.

Breakfast Eating Habit and Dairy Consumption in Relation to Nutritional Status among Junior High School Student in Painan, West Sumatra Province.

DOI: 10.5220/0010757700003235

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2021), pages 39-42

ISBN: 978-989-758-542-5

is a human need that should be done regularly every

morning, for nutritional needs and brain development

and avoid risks malnourished and obese children

(Waryono, 2010). Dairy products are considered as

healthy diet by providing important amount of

protein, energy, micronutrients such as magnesium,

calcium, Vitamin B1, B2, and B12 (Pereira, 2014).

Various attempts have been made by youth to lose

weight or maintain nutritional status, one of which is

by skipping breakfast and reducing consumption of

dairy products. Surveys in five major cities show,

17% adults don't eat breakfast, and 13% don't eat

breakfast every day. Number of no breakfast in

children varied from 17% in Jakarta, to 59% in

Yogyakarta (Hardinsyah & Aries, 2012). Opposite

with the perception of adolescents in general,

research shows the habit of skipping breakfast instead

are at risk for being overweight and obese higher

(Rampersaud et al. 2005).

Several studies have linked nutritional status with

breakfast eating and dairy consumption (Rohmah et

al, 2020; FAO, 2013). However, many of them were

relatively small or conducted in selected groups. The

purpose of this study was to determine the

relationship between breakfast habit and dairy

consumption with the nutritional status of junior high

school in Painan, West Sumatera Province

2 METHOD

This research was conducted at one of Junior High

School in Painan, West Sumatera Province in

February until April 2021. This research method is

correlation descriptive with a sample of 67 junior

high school students taken by quota sampling

method. The instrument used in the form of a

questionnaire sheet for Breakfast Habit, dairy

consumption and nutritional status of adolescents.

Research design used was cross sectional. Population

of this research is students of class 7 and 8 SMPN 2

Bayang, as many as 67 people. students were chosen

using quota sampling. The data that had been

collected included eating breakfast habits and dairy

consumption which gained by interview using

questionnaire, and nutritional status was determined

based on BMI for Age measurement.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Overview of the Nutritional Status

of Junior High School

Students/Adolescents

An overview of the nutritional status of junior high

school students can be seen in Table 1.It shows the

distribution of adolescent students nutritional status

/from a total of 67 students.

Table 1: Percentage of Nutrition Status Junior High School

Students

No. Nutritional status n %

1 Underweight 29 43

ormal 32 48

3 Overweight 3 4

4 Obesity 3 4

Based on Table 1 above, the number of students

with underweight nutritional status is almost the same

as the number of students with normal nutritional

status with 29 (43%) and 32 (48%) students

respectively out of a total of 67 students.

3.2 Overview of Junior High School

Teenagers Breakfast Habits

An overview of the breakfast habits from junior high

school students can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2: Percentage Breakfast Habits of Junior High School

Students

No. Breakfast Habits n %

1 Breakfast 44 66

2 Breakfast Skipping 23 34

Total 67 100

The study has shown a prevalence for breakfast

consumption is 66%. Meanwhile, another data shows

that the breakfast habit in the skipper category was 23

people (34,3%). Furthermore, about 83,1% of the

breakfast eaters indicated that the routine as a result

of a family habit. In addition, 16,9% of them ate

breakfast because of the passion to be active and to

tackle hunger during the morning period. Healthy

breakfast foods provide school-age teenager with the

fundamental nutrients that needed for their activities.

Moreover, it is also linked to the long-term health

status throughout their life. Meanwhile, skipping

breakfast means higher risk with many health

problems and reduced cognitive and psycho-social

functions performance. In addition, missing breakfast

ICSDH 2021 - International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

is also associated with academic learning capability

and achievement. Skipping breakfast for students

may also affect difficulty in concentrating in the

afternoon. Moreover, students tend to be fatigue as a

consequence of the reduced of energy levels at the

end of school time (ALBashtawy, 2017).

According to this research, most of adolescent

student (83,1%) ate breakfast because of their family

habit. This finding is the same with Albashtawy

research. It indicates that parents and caregivers are

the main figure to represent their children how to live

a healthy life by showing them to eat a healthy diet.

(ALBashtawy, 2017).

3.3 Overview of Junior High School

Teenagers Dairy Consumption

Below table shows an overview of dairy consumption

of junior high school students.

Table 3. Dairy consumption percentage junior High School

Students

No. Dair

Consum

tion n %

1 Ever

48 72

2-3x/week

eve

Total 67 100

Some 42.6% of the children were categorized in

the everyday dairy consumption. One or ≥2

consumption of dairy per day was associated with a

lower risk of being stunted (Bao et al, 2018). Most of

student who never consume dairy products explained

that it happened because they do not like and familiar

with dairy products.

3.4 Correlation between Breakfast

Habits and Dairy Products

Consumption toward Nutritional

Status of Junior High School

Students

An overview of correlation between breakfast habits

and dairy products consumption toward nutritional

status of junior high school students can be seen in

Table 4.

Table 4. Relation between Breakfast Habits and Dairy

Products Consumption

Variables

Nutritional Status

Total

Val

Normal Not

Normal

n % n % n %

Breakfast Habit

Breakfast 29 66 15 34 44 100 0,0

Breakfast

skipping

3 13 20 87 23 100

Total 32 48 35 52 67 100

Dair

consum

tion

Yes 31 53 27 47 58 100

No 1 11 8 89 9 100 0,2

Total 32 48 35 52 67 100

The present study shows that the incidence of

breakfast habits is positively associated with the

nutritional status. Children are less likely to be

stunted or underweight when breakfast is part of their

daily diet. Stunting is associated with increased

morbidity and impacts cognitive development [Black

et al, 2008; Grntham et al, 2007]. This finding was in

line with Rohmah et al research. Skipping breakfast

habit may lead to the insufficiency of energy and

other nutrition intake for the best function of our

organ. As a result, students seemed weak, lack of

concentration, and even loss of consciousness.

Missing breakfast in the morning also give rise to

hunger so that triggers students to even consume

more snacks at school. The side effect of excessive

snacking habit can lead to excessive intake of

unhealthy foods. The later can generate a condition of

obesity which causes degenerative diseases in the

future. (Rohmah et al, 2020).

No significant differences were found in

correlation between dairy consumption with

nutritional status of students. This finding is similar

with bao in 2018. One or ≥2 consumption of dairy per

day was associated with a lower risk of being stunted.

Meanwhile, dairy consumption was not significantly

associated with the risk of being thin, overweight or

obese.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Breakfast habits is positively associated with the

nutritional status (P<0,05. No significant differences

were found in correlation between dairy consumption

with nutritional status of students.

Breakfast Eating Habit and Dairy Consumption in Relation to Nutritional Status among Junior High School Student in Painan, West

Sumatra Province

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank to the students involved in the

study for their willingness to participate and special

thanks to Public Health Faculty, Andalas University

trought DIPA Finding that

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