The Relationship of Family Support to the Levels of Fish

Consumptions of the Overweight Teenagers Aged 13-15 Years

Euphrasia Pelletier Berek

, Kusnandar

and Sapja Anantanyu

Nutrition Science Study Program, School of Postgraduate, Sebelas Maret University,

Surakarta, Indonesia

Agribussinnes Study Program Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia

Development Counseling/Community Empowerment Department, Faculty

of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Nutritional Status, Family Support, Level of Fish Consumption, Adolescents.

Abstract: Adolescence is a top of growth. Teenagers are also important targets in improving the nutritional status of the

community. Fish is a good source of protein for the growth and development of the body. The low

consumption of fish of adolescents can be influenced by psychological and social factors. This study aims to

determine the effect of family support on the level of fish consumption in overweight adolescents in Surakarta.

This study is a cross-sectional research design, with 33 of overweight students as the sample. The data is

analyzed by chi-square test. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between family support

and the level of fish consumption which is (p = 0,772). School can use media such as posters or games about

the importance of fish consumption and protein intake for both boys and girls teenager, and the school also

can campaign more with the slogan of "gemar makan ikan". Parents can be educated to make processed fish

with various menu variations so that children can like fish more.

1 INTRODUCTION

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to

adulthood. Adolescents experience several changes at

the same time including physical, cognitive, social

and emotional changes (Rahmawati et al., 2015).

The rate of obesity in adolescents continues to

increase. The World Health Organization (WHO)

stated that overweight in adolescence is one of the

main challenges for health workers and society due to

the increasing prevalence of overweight worldwide

(Wang and Lobstein, 2006).

The World Health Organization (WHO) stated

that more than 340 million children and adolescents

aged 5-19 years are overweight and obese (WHO,

2018). The research that had done by Harista (2012)

stated that at least 2.8 million adults die every year

due to being overweight and obese.

The increasing rate of obesity is mostly associated

with lifestyle, diet and inappropriate behaviour,

which causes obesity, is formed in adolescence and

continues into adulthood (Hajivandi, et al., 2020).

Until now, the consumption pattern of the

Indonesian society towards animal food sources is

generally still lower than plant foods. In 2014, the

consumption of animal protein was 32.1% of total

protein. National animal protein consumption is very

low and needs to be increased. The low consumption

of protein has a potential to hamper the efforts to

improve the quality of Indonesian human resources

(Badan Pusat Statistik, 2014).

The consumption pattern of the Indonesian

society towards animal food sources, particularly

fish, is still low. In 2017, the average target of fish

consumption is 47 kg or about 128 grams/capita/day,

but fish consumption in the community is still under

the target of 37.30 kg per year or about 102.19

grams/capita/day. In 2018, the national fish

consumption target is 50.65 kg/capita/year or 138

grams/day while the average fish consumption in the

community is 39.57 kg/capita/year or about 108.41

gram/capita/day (Kementerian Kelautan dan

Perikanan, 2018).

Family support plays an important role in shaping

adolescent dietary behaviour and physical activity.

Based on the results of research by Wang et al.,

(2014), showed that family support is associated with

the increase of physical activity. There is no

Berek, E., Kusnandar, . and Anantanyu, S.

The Relationship of Family Support to the Levels of Fish Consumptions of the Overweight Teenagers Aged 13-15 Years.

DOI: 10.5220/0010757500003235

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2021), pages 35-38

ISBN: 978-989-758-542-5

significant relationship between family support and

nutritional status, but it contributes to improve the

nutritional status of adolescents (Ardina, 2016).

Until now, there has been no research on fish

consumption of overweight junior high school

teenagers in Surakarta City. Therefore, the purpose of

this study is to determine the relationship of family

support towards the level of fish consumption of

junior high school adolescents who were overweight,

both male and female.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

The type of this research is an analytic observational

study, which aims to determine the causal

relationship between the dependent variable and the

independent variable without any intervention on the

variables studied.

The research design used is a cross sectional by

looking for the relationship between the two research

variables at the same time or at one time.

Sampling is done in stages by using (simple

random sampling and purposive sampling) which is

used to determine the sample. Firstly, subjects were

screened using google form, then adolescents who

had a z-score >1 SD were used as samples of this

research.

The research was conducted in April at SMPN 2

Surakarta and SMP Kristen Pelita Nusantara Kasih

Surakarta. The sample inclusion criteria included:

First, junior high school students of seventh and

eighth grades. They are considered overweight based

on the anthropometric examination results. Second,

they had a personal smartphone, and were willing to

be the respondents. While the exclusion criteria are:

those who did not have food allergies and who had

diarrhea on the previous days when the study was

conducted.

The dependent variable in this study is the level of

fish consumption while the independent variable is

family support.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Results

3.1.1 Respondent Characteristics

The respondents studied were 33 of overweight

teenagers. Characteristics of respondents including

age, gender, parents’ occupation, and parents’ income

it can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Research Respondents

Res

ondent Characteristics

(

)

(

)

Age

12,1

57,6

21,2

9,1

Gender

Male

Female

42,4

57,6

Parents’ Occupation

Labor

Merchant/Entreprenur

Private employee

PNS/TNI/POLRI

Others……

21,2

33,3

24,2

9,1

12,1

Parents’ Income

>Rp. 2.800.000

≤R

. 2.800.000

51,5

48,5

(n) 33 100

Based on Table 1 above, it shows that 57.6% of

respondents are 13 years old, and most of the

respondents are female (57.6%). The occupations of

the respondents' parents are mostly

traders/entrepreneurs (33.3%) and private employees

(24.2%).

3.1.2 Distribution of Fish Consumption

Frequency

Table 2. Distribution of Fish Consumption Frequency of

Overweight Adolescents

Cate

(

)

(

)

Infrequent (<5 Times/Week)

Frequent (≥5 Times/Week)

33,3

66,7

(

)

33 100

3.1.3 Family Support

Table 3 below shows that through the questionnaire

given to the respondents, it can be seen that most of

the respondents have the support of family. It is

87,9%

Table 3. Family Support Distribution

Categor

(n) (%)

Less (<12)

Adequate (13 – 36)

Good (>37)

3,0

87,9

9,1

(n) 33 100

ICSDH 2021 - International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

3.1.4 The Relationship of Family Support to

the Level of Fish Consumptions in

Overweight Adolescents

Table 4 shows that there is no relationship between

family support and the level of fish consumption in

overweight adolescents as evidenced by the results of

the chi-square analysis (p = 0.772).

Table 4. The Relationship of Family Support towards the

Level of Fish Consumption

Family

Support

FFQ (n) p

Infre

uent Fre

uent

Less

Adequate

Goo

0,772

(n) 11 22 33

Based on Table 4 above, it can be seen that most

of the respondents (19) received support from their

families and the level of fish consumption belongs to

the frequent category.

3.2 Discussion

Based on the results of the study, it was found that the

majority of respondents were female as many as 19

people (57.6%). This is because after screening the

respondents, it was found that some of the

respondents who were overweight were women.

Based on the result of the chi-square analysis

showed that there was no significant difference

between family support and the level of fish

consumption of overweight adolescents (p-value >

0.05). This can happen because both family and

respondents do not know the importance of fish

consumption of adolescents. His family lacks

knowledge regarding the importance of fish

consumption in adolescence, where fish consumption

is a form of diet because fish is a source of protein.

This study is not in line with research conducted

by Sumirgar et al in 2015 that family support,

especially both parents at home, is strongly associated

with increased consumption of food and beverages at

home. Family support is a form of attention and

encouragement that adolescents get through

interpersonal relationships consisting of attention,

emotion and judgment.

The level of fish consumption which is classified

as frequent (> 5 times / week) with family support is

included in the sufficient category, it can indicate that

the collection of information on the level of fish

consumption through the google form is not optimal.

According to Van, et al, 2007 and McClain, et al

(2009) stated that the availability of food ingredients

in the household and the intake of parents determine

the intake and level of consumption of the child. The

research from (Di Noia and Thompson, 2012) also

stated that some African-American adolescents who

are in low-income families are significantly

associated with consuming five servings of food

daily.

Food security of the family level supports the

level of protein consumption so that the better food

security of the family is, the better level of protein

consumption will also be. The higher value of the

level of protein consumption (111.5% RDA) is due to

the tendency to consume tofu, tempeh, eggs, and milk

in sufficient quantities every day. It is motivated by

the easiness factor to have tofu, tempeh, and eggs so

that it becomes the choice of the household to be

consumed (Safitri, et al, 2017).

Parents can be educated or can be given nutrition

counseling to make processed fish with various menu

variations so that children can like fish more. Parents

can also be given information about the importance

of protein, particularly fish in the growth period.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of interviews conducted through

questionnaires, it is known that there is no significant

relationship between family support and the level of

fish consumption of overweight adolescents (p-value

> 0.05).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researcher would like to thank the principals and

teaching staffs of SMPN 2 Surakarta and SMP Kristen

Pelita Nusantara Kasih Surakarta for allowing the

researcher to conduct the research entitled the

relationship between family support and fish

consumption levels and also thanks to the students of

seventh and eighth grades who are willing to be the

respondents.

The researcher also would like to thank Dr. Ir.

Kusnandar, M.Si and Dr. Sapja Anantanyu, M.Si as

the supervisors, who have guided the researcher in

compiling this article.

The Relationship of Family Support to the Levels of Fish Consumptions of the Overweight Teenagers Aged 13-15 Years

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