Development of the Food Security System

Alexander E. Suglobov

, Alsu R. Nabiyeva

and Artem V. Lukomets

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Russia

Russian University of Cooperation, Mytishchi, Russia

All-Russian research Institute of oilseeds named after V. S. Pustovoit, Russia

Keywords: Food supply system, control, agricultural products, food resources, management, food supply, food security.

Abstract: The system of national food security is considered as a controlled formation in the infrastructure of the

national economy of the country under state supervision and management. The main task of the system is to

ensure the food security of the state. According to the state policy in the field of food, the population is

provided with guaranteed physical and economic access to food products in volumes not lower than the

medical norms of daily consumption, in sufficient quantities to ensure a healthy life. The management of the

national food security system by the state authorities involves the timely adoption of measures to improve the

country's agricultural policy on legal and financial support for agricultural producers, defending their interests

in the food market, and strengthening the material base of agricultural business. National food security is a

global macroeconomic problem within the state. Therefore, the state management of the food supply system

involves legislative, economic, scientific and informational support for it. Guaranteed provision of food to the

population is the most important task of the state in the field of national security.

1 INTRODUCTION

The national food security system is a

multidimensional macroeconomic structural

formation that requires an appropriate specific

management mechanism, involving the development

and application of special organizational, economic,

scientific, technical, informational, and other

measures, necessary to ensure the balanced operation

of all components of the system of industries in

various situations both in the regions and at the

country level. One of the main tasks of food security

management is to ensure the guaranteed sustainable

functioning of the entire system, ensuring the

production of its own agri-food products in the

necessary volumes in any situation. The management

of the food security system involves the use of

modern management methods and indicators that

characterize the guaranteed food supply of the

country. The management system requires a timely

response to meet the increasing demand for various

food products. The main place in the nutrition of the

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population is occupied by agricultural products,

which causes the adoption of priority measures for

state support of the agro-industrial complex. The

agricultural sector acts as a source of food resources

and predetermines food security.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

The research methods are based on traditional

scientific methods using system analysis, the

formulation of a scientific hypothesis of the food

supply system, methods of a rational combination of

industries, methods of analyzing the economic

research of agricultural production, the place and role

of public administration in the system of national

food security, as well as the works of Russian

scientists, researching food safety.

Suglobov, A., Nabiyeva, A. and Lukomets, A.

Development of the Food Security System.

DOI: 10.5220/0010695000003169

In Proceedings of the International Scientiﬁc-Practical Conference "Ensuring the Stability and Security of Socio-Economic Systems: Overcoming the Threats of the Crisis Space" (SES 2021),

pages 135-139

ISBN: 978-989-758-546-3

135

3 RESEARCH RESULTS

The administrative activity of the state in the

formation of food resources is revealed; the main

tasks of increasing food are identified, directions for

increasing the production of food products, increasing

purchases of agri-food products are formulated. The

dynamics of agricultural production reflecting the

main base in the system of agri-food products is

studied during the research on the formation of food

resources; the structure of the total volume of activity

of agricultural producers in Russia reflecting the

share of agricultural products in the food supply is

generalized; the features of agricultural producers'

activities in the formation of agri-food resources are

revealed. One of the activities of administrative

structures in the food supply system is the formation

of food products for the national food security of the

country, ensuring the stability of the State.

4 DISCUSSIONS

Guaranteed provision of the country's population with

food products is the most important component in the

national security system of the State. With a full-scale

food supply, the entire population of a particular

country at any time should have physical and

economic access to purchase food in sufficient

quantities according to medical nutrition standards to

ensure active work and normal life. Every state strives

to ensure that every person has access to high-quality

and non-hazardous food products. In this regard, the

governments of all countries consider the problem of

reliable food security among the top priorities.

Since the main producer and supplier of food

products is agriculture, one of the leading topics in the

work of the government is the agrarian policy aimed

at the progressive development of the agricultural

sector, as well as the capacity of the industry for

processing agricultural products and raw materials.

The economic policy of the State is also adjusted to

this direction, designed to form and coordinate the

vector of the organizational and economic orientation

of promoting financial, material, and technical

resources on a large scale for the development of the

country's food system. Due to the fact that the

consumption of food products is a continuous

process, the functioning of the food supply system

must be guaranteed to be sustainable, ensuring

expanded reproduction and the flow of food products

without interruptions. One of the central places in the

production of agricultural products is the availability

of labor resources in rural areas. From 1990 to 2020,

the rural population in Russia decreased from 38.9 to

37.2 million people, or by 4.4%. At the same time, the

share of the rural population in the total number of the

country decreased from 26.4 to 25.3%, or by 1.1

percentage points (Table 1).

Table 1: Dynamics of the structure of the permanent

population in Russia, at the beginning of the year, million

people.

Years Net

including:

rural share, %

1990 147.7 38.9 26.4

2000 146.9 39.5 26.9

2010 142.8 37.8 26.4

2020 146.7 37.2 25.3

2020 in % to

1990

99.3 95.6 1.1 p.p.

Source: Agro-industrial complex of Russia in 2019,

Moscow, 2020.

A well-functioning food supply system should

ensure that every citizen of the country and any social

group of the population is provided with physical and

economic access to purchase sufficient quantities of

safe food to meet their needs in accordance with

medical consumption standards.

The food supply system of the state should be

built in such a way as to have autonomy and economic

independence, to guarantee the national full-scale

food security of the country's population, regardless

of the impact of weather and climatic factors, to

develop according to the type of expanded

reproduction. Effectively operating food supply

system carries out a set of measures aimed at solving

problems of developing agricultural production,

organizing foreign trade, ensuring reliable storage

and timely deep processing of agricultural products

and raw materials. From 2016 to 2019, the nominal

volume of produced gross domestic product in Russia

in market prices increased from 85,616.1 to 110,046.1

billion rubles, or by 28.5%. At the same time, the

gross value added in basic prices for the period under

review increased from 77,077.1 to 98,646.4 billion

rubles, or by 28.0%, of which the share of agriculture,

hunting, and services in the gross value added of the

Russian economy amounted to 3.4%.

An effective food supply system involves the fair

distribution of basic food products, as well as the

development of the socio-economic infrastructure of

the rural territory. Food security can be determined by

taking into account the consumption of calories per

individual permanent resident of the country per day,

taking into account the budget availability of each

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family. The main constituent factors of food security

are availability, accessibility, and consumption of

food. The availability of food products is evidenced

by the growing production of agri-food products.

Thus, in 2019, per capita production in Russia

increased compared to the previous year as follows:

grain by 55 kg, vegetables by 3 kg, livestock and

poultry by 2 kg, milk by 6 kg, egg production is

growing, and potato production decreased by 2%

(Table 2).

Table 2: Dynamics of agricultural production per capita in

Russia.

Name Years 2019 to

2018

2016 2017 2018 2019 % +,

Grain, kg 823 923 771 823 107.1 55

Potato (kg) 153 148 153 150 98.0 -3

Vegetables,

90 93 93 96 103.2 3

Livestock

and poultry

for slaughter

(in slaughter

weight), kg

67 70 72 74 102.8 2

Milk, kg 203 206 208 214 102.9 6

Eggs, pcs 297 305 306 306 100.0 0

Source: Agro-industrial complex of Russia in 2019,

Moscow, 2020.

The increasing production of agricultural products

and the progressive sustainable operating of the

agricultural sector in Russia allow providing the

country's population with access to food.

To study food security, the system of providing

food products to the people in the world community

of states and countries of various levels of economic

development uses indicators of malnutrition, data on

the world's population, and estimates food losses in

the trading system in each country. Along with this,

the person's dietary energy supply, food production,

food prices, food costs, and food system volatility are

taken into account. The most common factors of

malnutrition are emergencies, climate shocks,

droughts, floods, wars, political upheavals, and state

economic policies.

Agricultural production is highly vulnerable to

drought. The consequence of the lack of food security

in households is stunted growth and emaciation in

children, and underweight. The lack of food security

in the country is evidenced by the lack of economic

access of residents to food. The analysis of food

consumption per capita per year in Russia shows that

in 2019, compared to 2016, the consumption of bread

and bread products decreased by 0.9%, potatoes – by

1.1%. At the same time, during this period, the

consumption of vegetables increased by 6 kg, meat by

2 kg, milk by 3 kg, eggs – by 1 kg, vegetable oil – by

0.3 kg. Consumption of sugar remained unchanged -

39 kg (Table 3).

Table 3: Trend of annual food consumption per capita in

Russia.

Indicators Years 2019 to

2016

2016 2017 2018 2019 % +,

Bread and

bakery

products, kg

117 117 116 116 99.1 -1

Potato (kg) 90 90 89 89 98.9 -1

Vegetables,

102 104 107 108 105.9 6

Meat, kg 74 75 75 76 102.7 2

Milk, kg 231 230 229 234 101.3 3

Eggs, pcs 278 283 284 285 102.5 7

Vegetable

oil, kg

13.7 13.9 14.0 14.0 102.2 0.3

Sugar, kg 39 39 39 39 100 0

Source: Agro-industrial complex of Russia in 2019,

Moscow, 2020.

In Russia, the main legal document defining the

system of the official point of view on the goals,

objectives, and main vectors of the state economic

policy in the food supply system is the Doctrine of

Food Security of the Russian Federation. The

shortage of food products is often accompanied by

hunger among a part of the population. Malnutrition

is accompanied by stunted growth, leading to a higher

incidence of diseases, and an increase in mortality.

Starving people have an increasing number of

depressions compared to those who are well-fed.

The problem of ensuring food security is the

shortage of water, which negatively affects the yield

of grain and the gross harvest of agricultural crops.

Food security is affected by the way of life of the

population, the dependence of the state on the

production of its own food.

Depletion of soil fertility is a detrimental factor in

reducing crop yields. In this regard, one of the ways

to increase the level of food security is to increase soil

fertility, carry out work on the reclamation of

agricultural land and perform cultural and technical

works. From 2016 to 2019, the commissioning of

reclaimed land in Russia increased from 90.1 to 95.2

thousand hectares, or 5.7%, and the volume of

cultural and technical work increased from 142.7 to

306.0 thousand hectares, or 2.1 times (Table 4).

Development of the Food Security System

137

Table 4: Dynamics of land reclamation in Russia, thousand

ha*.

Indicators Years 2019 to 2016

2016 2017 201

2019 % +,-

Complete

d works

on putting

the

reclaimed

land into

operation

90.1 101.

96.1 95.2 105.

5.1

Complete

d cultural

and

technical

wor

142.

74.0 72.5 306.

214.

163.

* According to the State Program for the Development of

Agriculture and Regulation of Markets for Agricultural

Products, Raw Materials, and Food.

Source: Agro-industrial complex of Russia in 2019,

Moscow, 2020.

To ensure national food security in Russia,

measures to increase soil fertility are being taken. For

this purpose, the supply of mineral fertilizers to

agricultural producers increases every year. Thus,

from 2016 to 2019, the supply of mineral fertilizers to

agriculture increased from 2,950.2 to 3,485.9

thousand tons of the active substance. At the same

time, the area of soil liming increased from 222.0 to

303.6 thousand hectares, or by 36.8%. Every year, the

volume of application of mineral fertilizers for

agricultural crops in the country is increasing - from

2,253 thousand tons of active substance (2016) to

2,723 tons (2019), or more by 20.9%. During the

period under review, the application of organic

fertilizers for sowing agricultural crops increased

from 65.2 to 70.7 million tons, or 8.4%.

Significant damage to food security is caused by

diseases of agricultural plants and animals, which

adversely affect the increase in the production of agri-

food products. Russia carries out significant work to

protect agricultural crops from pests, diseases, and

weeds. Thus, from 2016 to 2019, the proportions of

the cultivated areas where plant protection products

were used in agriculture increased from 87.0 to 101.7

million hectares. The supply of plant protection

products increased from 62.2 to 69.8 thousand tons,

or by 12.2%, over these years.

To increase the yield, the role, and significance of

the use of genetically diverse varieties and types of

crops with more resistant resistance to diseases for

sowing increases. For this purpose, when introducing

new varieties, scientists-breeders use wild plants in

order to transfer genes from wild plants to new

varieties.

Climate change is among the main causes of

significant food crises. In the future, food security

will be correlated with the ability of people to adapt

agricultural food systems to extreme natural

phenomena. The vulnerability of the food supply

system depends on climate change, which can have

significant consequences for food security. Three

factors can be distinguished that allow determining

the dependence of the food supply system on climate

change: specialized agro-ecological systems; rural

households whose main source of income is

agricultural production; situations in which the state

cannot provide support for adequate systems for the

safety of people.

The country's agricultural policy is reflected in the

export and import of food products. In 2019,

compared to 2017, exports of the main types of

agricultural products in Russia in monetary terms

increased by 18.5%. The export of total meat (except

for poultry) from Russia increased from 78.9 to 31.6

thousand tons, or by 66.8%, poultry meat - from 163.7

to 211.1 thousand tons, or 29.0%, sunflower oil - from

2,326.9 to 3,098.2 thousand tons, flour and cereals -

from 253.5 to 373.5 thousand tons, or 47.3%, oilseeds

- from 1,830.7 to 2,567.5 thousand tons, or 40.2%,

sugar - from 559.8 to 686.8 thousand tons, or 22.7%.

At the same time, over the years compared, Russia

reduced its export of milk from 63.2 to 46.0, or by

27.2%, butter - from 3.6 to 2.8 thousand tons, cereals

- from 43,357.1 to 395,264 thousand tons, or 8.8%.

The food security of the state is also to a certain

extent assessed by its participation in world trade, the

export-import movement of food products. In 2019,

the import of agricultural products in monetary terms

increased from 28.9 to 30.0 billion rubles, or by 3.8%,

compared to 2017. There is an increase in the import

of butter from 99.7 to 120.0 thousand tons, or by

20.4%. At the same time, for all other types of food

products, there is a decrease in imports, including

meat by 40.6%, milk - by 23.7%, sunflower oil - by

87.7%, grain crops - by 30.9%, flour and cereals - by

31.2%, oilseeds - by 8.5%, sugar - by 9.3%.

The results of the functioning of the food supply

system are influenced by the agricultural policy of the

state. Insufficient attention of the government to the

work of agricultural producers, administrative

influence on the pricing of agri-food products

generates discrimination in relation to agricultural

producers. The artificial retention of prices for

agricultural products at a low level of profitability of

agriculture does not allow accumulating the

necessary resources for investment in agricultural

production.

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138

5 CONCLUSIONS

The Government of each country should regularly

organize a national survey to measure food security

by using a set of special techniques, including the

responses of respondents to questions. There are four

categories of food security: high, marginal, low, and

very low. A significant reserve in increasing the

production of food crops is fraught with a reduction

in the cultivation of non-food crops on arable land:

industrial and medicinal plants. To ensure food

independence, it is necessary to ensure guaranteed

purchases of agricultural products. The level of prices

for agri-food products should provide an economic

opportunity for domestic producers to develop their

own production, master modern agricultural

technologies, use high-grade seeds, fertilizers, and

means of protection against diseases and pests of

agricultural plants and animals. One of the factors to

ensure food security is the adoption of measures for

the rational use of food waste.

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