System-logistic Approach in the Field of Recycling of Municipal Solid

Waste in the Chuvash Republic

Guzel Taisheva

and Elsa Ismagilova

Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov (IEML), 42 Moskovskaya st Kazan, Russian Federation

Keywords: Solid Municipal Waste, Separate Waste Collection, Processing of Solid Municipal Waste, Logistics

Principles, Placement of Waste Processing Enterprises.

Abstract: Obsolete approach to solid municipal waste management (SMW) prevails in the regions of the Russian

Federation, among others including the Chuvash Republic. The existing way of SMW disposal at landfills

virtually with no preliminary waste classification and sorting results in a plethora of environmental and

economic costs, thus demonstrating gross inefficiency. The goal of the article is the scientific substantiation

for the ideal placement of waste recycling plants in the regions of the Chuvash Republic using the method of

multi-criteria optimization. Fundamental and applied works of Russian and foreign experts in the field of

arrangement of social and economic systems of solid municipal waste management, system-oriented analysis,

empirical observation, description and generalization, ranking method made up the methodological basis of

the study. To resolve the issue of ideal placement of waste recycling plants in the regions of the Chuvash

Republic, multi-objective optimization problem was estimated. As a result of the estimate, five districts were

identified for the placement of waste recycling plants - Cheboksary, Kanash, Alatyr, Yadrinsk, and Kozlovsk.

The bottom line is that for purposes of optimization of transportation costs, it is advisable to place would-be

waste recycling plants in the Cheboksary, Kanash, Alatyr, Yadrinsk and Kozlovsk Districts of the Chuvash

Republic. The suggested method of multi-objective optimization to determine the placement of waste

recycling plants can be used to plan the placement of waste recycling plants in other regions or Federal

districts.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the regional economic activity, the solid municipal

waste (SMW) disposal presents a serious problem,

calling for urgent solutions.

The regional, municipal authorities and public

service providers, as well as researchers, must ensure

possible harmless emission processes and more

complete use of all waste. The problems of SMW

disposal are difficult to solve, as there is no a system

for the rational separation of various types of waste

into useful components and an insufficient amount of

waste processing enterprises in the regions. The

purpose of this article is to substantiate the optimal

placement of (future) waste processing enterprises in

the Chuvash Republic districts using the multi-

objective optimization method, when the center of

gravity between the population, the generated waste

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-1879-5222

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-2740-2443

volume and the distance to neighboring large

settlements is determined to locate the optimal centers

for processing enterprises. At the same time, this

method can be used to solve the problem of the

optimal distance of waste removal from its generation

site to its processing site. Waste processing

enterprises will make it possible to provide permanent

jobs for the population in the region. Recyclable

materials contribute to resource saving, solutions to

environmental and safety issues to a certain extent.

This article can be of practical significance to

entrepreneurs to provide a place and optimal location

for an enterprise and its infrastructure.

The current situation in our country in the SMW

collection and disposal management causes

dangerous environmental pollution, irrational use of

natural resources, and serious economic damage; it

presents a real threat to the health of modern and

Taisheva, G. and Ismagilova, E.

System-logistic Approach in the Field of Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste in the Chuvash Republic.

DOI: 10.5220/0010589803050311

In Proceedings of the International Scientiﬁc and Practical Conference on Sustainable Development of Regional Infrastructure (ISSDRI 2021), pages 305-311

ISBN: 978-989-758-519-7

305

future generations of Russians. Balanced ecological

and economic regional development is analyzed in

many works of Russian scientists.

О.P. Litovka and M.M. Fedorov emphasize the

need to form environmental and economic relations

in the region. This system of interrelations can act as

the initial stage of a biosphere-compatible process

within the framework of global regional development

(Litovka and Fedorov, 2007).

Scientists register an increase in natural disasters

from 2000 to the present, resulting in significant costs

of material and human resources to eliminate the

consequences of environmental disasters (Minakova

and Kovarda, 2012).

One of the recognized indicators of sustainable

development is ecologically adjusted GDP. Experts

also propose to switch to ecologically adjusted GRP

to demonstrate a decrease in the Human Development

Index in depressed regions in terms of ecology

(Ryumina, 2013).

Private investments of big companies contribute

greatly to balanced ecological and economic regional

development, especially in conditions of insufficient

budget funds (Uskova and Razgulina, 2015;

Malysheva, 2019, 2020).

Today the moment has come when from separate

individuals it is possible to "assemble" a society

capable of being post-industrial (Shishkin, 2012).

The regulation mechanisms in SMW management

area were studied by S.N. Bobylev, A.M.

Gonopolsky, A.V. Ivanov, A.M. Malinin et al.

In the modern world, economic growth results in

the environmental pollution, depletion of resources,

climate change and human health deterioration

(Bobylev and Zakharov, 2011).

The ideology of SMW management shall imply

the formation of a full cycle of its collection,

transportation and processing within the network of

logistics centers (Gonopolsky, 2011).

At the same time, SMW management was least

affected by market relations: lack of competition,

reasonable tax policy, residual financing and costly

tariff formation (Ivanov, 2009).

In cities, construction waste often exceeds the

volume of generated SMW, therefore it is necessary

to provide for SMW joint disposal and construction

waste using an interterritorial component (Malinin et

al., 2010).

The issues of program development for the solid

municipal waste management are studied in the works

of A.K. Golubin, V.V. Devyatkin, L. Ya. Shubova et

al.

Along with conventional SMW management

measures, scientists recommend alternative methods:

separate waste collection, reuse of garbage, reuse of

household items (Golubin and Maksimovich, 2011).

The waste management economics in Russia is in

a rather poor state, SMW operations are unprofitable,

therefore it is necessary to strengthen the state policy

in this area (Devyakin, 2009).

As the experience of different countries shows,

there is no universal method of SMW processing. But

the rational sorting of MSW serves as a unifying

element in the process of complex waste processing

(Shubov et al., 2011).

Foreign authors define SMW as waste, with its

collection, transportation, and disposal performed by

the municipality (R. Baudry).

Foreign studies also describe that the average rate

of SMW generation in high-income countries is about

six times higher than in low-income countries

(Wilson, 2015).

The most effective method of SMW sorting by

sorting percentage is a secondary collection in

different containers (65%), sorting at waste sorting

stations (30%), then a collection of components at

SMW secondary collection points (10%). Separate

collection of recyclable materials is one of the key

measures in waste management; in some cases, the

reception of recyclable materials from the population

can be organized through collection points for

recyclable materials. Foreign experience

demonstrates that the proper organization of waste

processing makes it possible to use up to 90% of

SMW recycling products for the construction

industry (Lowe and Whitman, 2009).

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the Russian Federation regions, various approaches

are applied to SMW integrated management. In

regions and cities with a high population density and

standard of living, waste incineration plants, waste

sorting lines, and waste transfer stations are included

in the waste management chain.

Since January 1, 2019, a new SMW management

system has been introduced in our country, it provides

for a change in the principles and mechanisms of

waste collection, sorting, processing, and disposal.

The Russian Federation regions received the right to

appoint operators to deal with the complete chain of

solid municipal waste collection and disposal from a

garbage can to a special landfill.

In the Chuvash Republic, a territorial scheme for

SMW management was also established by Order of

the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the

Chuvash Republic No. 1036 dated September 22,

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306

2016. As part of the transition to a new system for

solid municipal waste management, on April 27,

2018, in the Chuvash Republic, an agreement was

signed on the organization of activities for solid

municipal waste management between the Ministry

of Construction, Architecture, Housing, and

Communal Services of the Chuvash Republic and

LLC MVK Ekotsentr.

Since on January 1, 2019, in the Chuvash

Republic the regional operator represented by LLC

MVK Ekotsentr was appointed, but it has not yet

started operations due to the insufficient number of

waste trucks and container fleet, the existing system

of SMW collection and disposal operates according

to the previous scheme. The SMW management chain

in the Chuvash Republic can be described as follows

(see Fig. 1):

Figure 1: The existing system for the collection and disposal of MSW in the Chuvash Republic.

At present, all operations with waste in the

republic are arranged according to the municipal

principle, with low values of economic efficiency,

environmental friendliness, and, in fact, in the

absence of sorting. SMW sorting is performed only in

Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk. In the city of

Cheboksary, the introduction of the separate waste

collection began 10 years ago. Containers for paper,

glass, plastic, and organic matter appeared in many

courtyards. However, the waste separate collection

came to nothing soon. Today you can see special

waste containers in Guzovsky Grove, in the

Shupashkar Park behind the Tractor Builders' Palace

of Culture, in the “Lakreevsky Forest” recreation

park, and in some school grounds. There are

practically none of them left in courtyards. The

situation seems to be even worse in comparison with

other regions. In the Greenpeace ranking, where the

situation in 106 Russian cities was analyzed,

Cheboksary took the 80th place. According to

environmentalists, only 3.8% of Cheboksary

residents can use bins for separate waste collection

near their homes (A. V. Boytsova).

In the Chuvash Republic municipalities, SMW is

accumulated at the sites of specialized containers and

bunkers. Moreover, bagged waste is stored either on

established or arbitrary street sites, or near yard farms

to be collected by a waste truck.

In municipal districts of the Chuvash Republic,

container sites are not sufficient or absent at all. At

the same time, in some settlements, containers for

SMW accumulation were established. In these

situations, the most effective way of organizing MSW

accumulation sites in such settlements was to arrange

System-logistic Approach in the Field of Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste in the Chuvash Republic

307

SMW accumulation sites in bags (other containers) in

one designated place for the whole settlement. Using

this method of accumulation, solid municipal waste

shall be transported to their placement site by loading

them in bulk, often by non-specialized transport.

An example of a container-free accumulation

system for the whole administrative district of the

republic is the Yalchevsky District; there are no

container sites on its territory, the waste

accumulation, and transportation from the population

in all nine rural settlements is carried out according to

the schedule and in bags. There is no container

accumulation on the territory of Alikovsky District.

Poretsky District can serve as an example of a poor

organization of SMW accumulation system; on

average, in each settlement out of eleven (i.e., with

the exception of the Poretsky rural settlement,

providing 35 0.75 m3 containers), there is currently

one container. There is a selective system of waste

containers in Kozlovsky District settlements. Thus, a

number of settlements have neither installed

containers nor arrange sites for the SMW

accumulation. In general, both a containerized and

bulk SMW accumulation system is used in the

district. Also, the method of waste accumulation is

applied individually in each farm with further

transportation to waste disposal sites using tractor

equipment.

These circumstances demonstrate the existing

problem of the organized collection and accumulation

of solid municipal waste, both in many rural

settlements as a whole, or even throughout the entire

municipal district of the republic.

In total, the region has 12 landfills for waste

disposal. In the Chuvash Republic, there is one SMW

processing and disposal SMW, built by the efforts of

Waste Management JSC in 2015 under a concession

agreement with the Cabinet of Ministers of the

republic. The complex consists of a waste disposal

landfill (at least 200 thousand tons per year), waste

sorting and waste processing complexes with a

capacity of at least 150 thousand tons per year. The

amount of investment in the construction of these

facilities amounted to 1.45 billion rubles. The waste

sorting station is capable of separating waste into

more than 20 types of recyclable materials. So far,

this is the only such facility in the Chuvash Republic.

Thus, at present, on the Chuvash Republic,

territory, there are not enough facilities for

processing, recycling waste, as well as facilities that

dispose of waste in accordance with the requirements

of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field

of environmental protection. It can affect the

environmental condition in the Chuvash Republic and

the formation of unauthorized dumps. Also, due to the

insufficient number of waste disposal facilities

included in the SRWDS (the State Register of Waste

Disposal Sites), waste from some municipal areas is

transported to other areas of the Chuvash Republic,

resulting in a rapid overflow of existing waste

disposal facilities.

Commercial fractions of production and

consumption waste (paper, cardboard, metal, plastic,

etc.), as recyclable materials, are mainly exported

from the Chuvash Republic territory. It is related to

the absence of enterprises that process or dispose

recyclable materials in the republic.

The development of waste processing production

in the republic will significantly reduce the export of

recyclable materials outside the republic, increase the

employment of population and improve the

environmental situation in the Chuvash Republic.

In these conditions, it seems relevant to study the

issue of building new waste processing enterprises in

the Chuvash Republic. The author considers it

necessary to radically revise the territorial scheme of

SMW circulation in the Chuvash Republic in favor of

waste processing companies. The separate waste

collection at their generation sites will make it

possible to reduce tariffs for residents of the Chuvash

Republic.

Waste processing enterprises shall be located

closer to the settlements with the highest population

and, accordingly, where more waste is generated. It is

possible to solve similar problems using multi-

objective optimization methods. In this case, the so-

called “ideal point” method should be used (G.L.

Brodetsky, 2010).

The following optimization criteria were initially

defined:

 average distance to neighboring district

centers, from where waste is removed (km);

 population of nearby settlements (thousand

people);

 mass of waste, generated in the settlement

(tons/year).

The distances were determined based on the

Autodispatcher automobile portal of cargo

transportation, the population size and the mass of

generated waste were taken according to statistical

data. To calculate the “ideal point”, the best distance

value is the minimum - 34.5 km, and in terms of

population and waste size - the maximum values, 273

479 thousand people. and 145,383 tons/year,

respectively.

Then, for each parameter, the sum of deviation

squares (Li) was determined:

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Li = Σ(Ni –Nip) 2 (1)

where Li is the sum of deviation squares of parameter

indicators;

Ni is the individual parameter indicator;

Nip is the indicator value at the “ideal point”.

Then the distances of each individual indicator to

the "ideal point" were identified:

Ri = √ Li (2)

where РiРiRi is the distance of each individual indicator to

the "ideal point".

The final stage of calculations was the ranking of

indicators in ascending order of values. It is

preferable to locate future waste processing plants in

areas with the shortest distance to the “ideal point”.

3 RESEARCH RESULTS

The calculation results for the Chuvash Republic

districts are presented in Table 1. The cities of

Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk, as well as the

Cheboksary district, are excluded from the list of

Table 1 since a waste sorting and processing complex

already operates in this area.

Table 1: Ranking of district centers of the Chuvash

Republic for the arrangement of waste processing

enterprises.

Urban district,

district center (district)

Distance

to IP

Rank

Kanashsky 68.5 1

Alatyrsky 60,888.13 2

Yadrinsk

103,773.28 3

Kozlovsk

104,147.06 4

Yantikovsk

112,108.47 5

Tsivilsk

124,419.14 6

Krasnochetaysky 124,539.87 7

Batyrevsk

125,027.72 8

Krasnoarme

125,096.34 9

Mor

aushsk

125,959.55 10

Shemurshinsky 129,138.66 11

Vurnarsky 130,305.11 12

Komsomolsky 130,606.21 13

Ibresinsk

131,675.32 14

Poretsk

133,248.49 15

Urmarsk

134,627.37 16

Mariinsko-Posadsky 135,468.14 17

Alikovsky 136,507.61 18

Yalchiksk

136,874.84 19

Shumerlinsk

141,144.73 20

The final zoning results of the location of waste

processing enterprises in the Chuvash Republic

regions are presented in Table 2.

Table 2: The zoning results of the location of waste

processing enterprises in the Chuvash Republic regions.

Zone name Municipalities

Cheboksary Cheboksary urban district

Novocheboksary urban district

Cheboksary district

Mariinsko-Posadsk

district

Kanash Kanashsky district

Vurnarsky district

Ibresinsky district

Yantikovsky district

Komsomolsky district

Alatyr Alatyrsky district

Poretsky district

Shemurshinsky district

Batyrevsky district

Yalchiksky district

Yadrinsky Yadrinsky district

Alikovsky district

Krasnochetaysky district

Shumerlinsky district

Kozlovsky Kozlovsky district

Tsivilsky district

Morgaushsky district

Krasnoarmeysky district

Urmarsky district

4 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

Thus, to solve the problem of optimal arrangement of

waste processing enterprises in the Chuvash Republic

regions, the calculations of the problem of multi-

objective optimization were developed. As a result of

calculations, five zones for the arrangement of waste

processing enterprises were identified - Cheboksary,

Kanash, Alatyr, Yadrin, and Kozlovka. In terms of

transport costs optimization, it is recommended to

locate future waste processing enterprises in these

specified zones.

System-logistic Approach in the Field of Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste in the Chuvash Republic

309

Figure 2: Zones of optimal arrangement of waste processing enterprises on the map of the Chuvash Republic relative to the

distance between regional centers, population, and mass of the generated waste.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Thus, to solve the problem of optimal arrangement of

waste processing enterprises in the Chuvash Republic

regions, the calculations of the problem of multi-

objective optimization were developed. It is

concluded that in terms of transport costs

optimization, it is advisable it is recommended to

locate future waste processing enterprises in addition

to Cheboksary, in the Kanash, Alatyr, Yadrin, and

Kozlovka zones of the Chuvash Republic. The

proposed method of multi-objective optimization for

arrangement of waste processing enterprises can be

used to plan the location of waste processing

enterprises in other regions or federal districts.

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