Developing Textbooks Sports Nutrition Science for Health Physical

Education Students and Recreation at Ikip Budi Utomo Malang

Luthfie Lufthansa

, Sigit Susilo

, Guntur Firmansyah

, Irwansyah

, Shinta Masitho Windriyani

Asri Putri Anugraini

Sport and Health Education, Budi Utomo Malang Collage, Arjuna Street No.14B, Malang City, Indonesia

Beji 1 Vocational High School, Wicaksana Street No. 22 B Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia

Keywords: Textbooks, Sports Nutrition Science, Thiagarajan 4D.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop a sports nutrition science textbook that is feasible and validated by

materials, media and language experts for Health Physical Education students and Recreation IKIP Budi

Utomo Malang. Research on the development of this Sports Nutrition Science textbook refers to the 4D model

developed by Thiagarajan, et al. (1974) which consists of 4 stages, namely Define, Design, Development, and

Disseminate, which were modified to be adapted to this study. This development research produced a feasible

and validated Sports Nutrition Science textbook by material, media and language experts for Health Physical

Education students and Budi Utomo IKIP Recreation Malang.

1 INTRODUCTION

According to the Directorate General of Higher

Education (2009), textbooks are handbooks for

subjects written and compiled by experts in related

fields and fulfil the rules of textbooks. In the field of

education, textbooks are closely related to the

learning process and curriculum. Textbooks are a

means for implementing education and learning.

During learning, the teacher can manage learning

activities with the help of books. Students can

participate in learning activities through book means.

Sports Nutrition is one of the compulsory subjects

in the Health and Recreation Physical Education

Study Program. Sports Nutrition Science is the study

of the relationship between food management and

physical performance that is beneficial for health,

fitness, child growth and sports achievement

development, especially for sportsmen. The purpose

of studying sports nutrition is to understand the

relationship of nutrition, lifestyle and physical

performance. Athletes must have appropriate

nutrition to obtain optimal health and physical

abilities to enable them to endure hard physical

training and be able to maintain a good appearance

during the game.

The results of interviews with students of Health

Physical Education and Recreation IKIP Budi Utomo

Malang showed that 80% of students were less

interested in sports nutrition courses. They consider

Sports Nutrition less related to the world of sports.

This fact makes the lecture on Sports Nutrition

Science seem less meaningful. Most PJKR students

consider Sports Nutrition as a difficult subject. It is

not surprising that the nutritional science learning

outcomes of PJKR students, especially those at Budi

Utomo IKIP Malang are still relatively low. Every

final semester exam is only 45% to 55% of students

who meet the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM).

2 THEORITICAL REVIEW

Muslich (2010) states that books are an effective

means of achieving competence in learning.

Experiences and exercises that need to be taken, as

well as information that must be sought, are presented

in a book programmed. Books have a close

relationship with the curriculum. Writing textbooks

must pay attention and compile syllabus, determine

learning methods, and determine how to present

materials that are appropriate to the child's

development level. Adalikwu, et al. (2013) stated that

teaching material acts as a facilitator between

educators and students and develops students'

motivation during learning activities.

568

Lufthansa, L., Susilo, S., Firmansyah, G., Irwansyah, ., Windriyani, S. and Anugraini, A.

Developing Textbooks Sports Nutrition Science for Health Physical Education Students and Recreation at Ikip Budi Utomo Malang.

DOI: 10.5220/0009797705680571

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 568-571

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

Textbooks are currently considered to be the most

important and most widely used teaching material

(Prastowo, 2012). The existence of books cannot be

separated from learning activities, including at the

university level. Textbooks have several functions,

namely: 1) As reference material or reference

material by students; 2) As an evaluation material; 3)

As a tool for educators in implementing the

curriculum; 4) As one of the determinants of teaching

methods or techniques used by educators.

In developing books as teaching materials, the

steps that must be carried out according to the

Ministry of National Education (2008) are: 1) Study

the curriculum by analysing it; 2) Determine the title

of the book to be written in accordance with the

decree that the book will provide; 3) Design a book

outline so that the contents of the full book cover all

aspects needed to achieve a competency; 4) Gather

references as writing material, try to use the latest

references and relevant to the study material; 5)

Writing a book is done by paying attention to the

presentation of sentences that are adjusted to the age

and experience of the reader; 6) Evaluate / edit the

results of writing by rereading. If there are

deficiencies, additions are immediately made; 7)

Improve writing.

The development of statistical textbooks for

sports education is an effort to produce new products

in the form of statistical books according to the stages

mentioned. The books developed are designed for

PJKR students, especially at the IKIP Budi Utomo

Malang. Statistics teaching books have been

developed so far statistics book specifically for sports

education. This is in line with Wibowo's statement

(2012: 24) which mentions the importance of

textbooks containing conceptual ideas and theoretical

studies and applications related to the daily lives of

students.

The purpose of the development statistic

textbooks for sports education is to maximize the

important functions of textbooks that help students to

recognize, remember and apply the knowledge taught

by lecturers (Wibowo, 2012: 12). The short-term

target of this development is to produce printed

textbooks that can be used in lecture. Meanwhile, the

long-term target is to increase the competence of

students (prospective sports teachers) to using

statistic in their fields.

3 RESEARCH METHODS

The development of this Sports Nutrition Science

teaching book refers to 4D model developed by

Thiagarajan, et al. (1974) which consisted of 4 stages,

namely Define, Design, Development, and

Disseminate, which were modified to be adapted to

this study.

3.1 Define Stage

At this define stage, it is about conducting an

instructional needs analysis needed for the

development of textbooks which includes steps: (1)

Analyzing basic competencies in Sports Nutrition

Science courses, (2) Identifying learning problems,

and (3) Identifying weaknesses and shortcomings of

textbooks Sports Nutrition.

3.2 Design Stage

The design phase was carried out to produce an initial

draft of the Sports Nutrition Science textbook.

3.3 Stage Develop

This design phase aims to revise the initial draft

textbook that has been prepared at the design stage.

Revisions are based on the validation process carried

out by material, media and language experts. After

the validation and revision is complete, a

development test is carried out which includes

individual testing, small groups and Classroom

Action Research (CAR).

3.4 Stage Disseminate

In this disseminate stage, dissemination of textbooks

to be used in lectures on Sports Nutrition, especially

for Health Physical Education Study Program and

Recreation IKIP Budi Utomo Malang.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 The Results of Define Phase

At this define stage, conducting an instructional needs

analysis needed for the development of textbooks

which includes steps of: (1) Analyzing basic

competencies in Sports Nutrition Science courses, (2)

Identifying learning problems, and (3) Identifying

weaknesses and shortcomings of textbooks Sports

Nutrition.

Developing Textbooks Sports Nutrition Science for Health Physical Education Students and Recreation at Ikip Budi Utomo Malang

569

4.2 Results of the Design Stage

The results of this design phase are to produce a draft

textbook consisting of cover (cover page), preface,

table of contents, instructions for use, and basic

competencies in each chapter. The contents section

consists of introductory material, main material,

sample questions and exercises.

The cover section is given a blue color reflecting the

color identity of the IKIP Budi Utomo Malang

campus. The front cover contains the titles of books,

authors, and institutions. Meanwhile, the back cover

contains a brief description of the sports nutrition

science textbook.

4.3 The Results of the Develop Phase

This textbook is validated by three experts, namely

material, media and language experts. The results of

the assessment of each validator are calculated and

made in the form of percentages.

Table 1: Validation Result of Materials Expert.

Validator

Code

Material Expert

Validation

Criteria

91,6

feasible in very

good category.

Table 2: Validation Result of Media Expert.

Validator

Code

Media Expert

Validation

Criteria

feasible in good

category

The average validation results from the three

validators were 84.7% in the criteria of decent and

good. From the results of individual and small group

trials, there are several things that need to be revised

especially related to the way of writing and writing

limits. This has been followed up and revised. Based

on the implementation of Sports Nutrition Science

textbooks in learning, the learning goes well. Based

on the motivation questionnaire, the motivation of

students of the Health and Recreation Education

Study Program at IKIP Budi Utomo Malang

increased from before. Based on the results of the

final test, it was found that students’ completeness

reached 82%.

4.4 The Results of Disseminate Phase

The result of the desiminate stage is the dissemination

of textbooks to be used in lectures on Sports

Nutrition, especially for the Biology Study Program

of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang.

5 CONCLUSIONS

This development research resulted in a feasible and

validated Sports Nutrition Science textbook by

material, media, and language experts for Health

Physical Education and Recreation IKIP Budi Utomo

Malang students.

REFERENCES

Adalikwu, S.A., dan I.T. Iorkpilgh. 2013. The Influence of

Instructional Materials on Academic Performance of

Senior Secondary School Students in Chemistry in

Cross River State. Global Journal of Educational

Research. 20 (1).

Arikunto, S. 1993. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan

Praktik. Edisi Revisi. Rhineka Cipta. Jakarta.

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2008. Dasar-dasar Evaluasi

Pendidikan. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.

Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. 2008. Peraturan Nomor

2 Tahun 2008 Tentang Buku.

http://mediainfo.sourceforge.net/. Diakses tanggal 2

Januari 2013.

Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. 2009. Pedoman

Operasional Penilaian Angka Kredit Kenaikan Jabatan

Fungsional Dosen ke Lektor Kepala dan Guru Besar.

Jakarta: Kemendiknas.

Muslich, Masnur. 2010. Text Book Writing: Dasar-dasar

Pemahaman, Penulisan, dan Pemakaian Buku Teks.

Ar-Ruzz Media. Jogjakarta.

Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D.S., and Semmel, M.I. 1974.

Instructional

Development for Training Teachers of Exceptional

Children. National Center for Improvement of

Educational. Washington.

Thiagarajan. 1974. Instructional Development for Training

Teachers of Exceptional Children. University of

Minnesota. New York-USA.

Prastowo, A. 2012. Panduan Kreatif Membuat Bahan Ajar

Inovatif. Diva Press. Jogjakarta.

Sugiono. 2010. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif

dan R&D. Alfabeta. Bandung.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

570

Winarno, M. E. 2011. Metodologi Penelitian dalam

Pendidikan Jasmani. Media Cakrawala Utama Press.

Malang.

Widoyoko, Eko Putro. 2013. Evaluasi Program

Pembelajaran: Panduan Praktis bagi Pendidik dan

Calon Pendidik. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta.

Developing Textbooks Sports Nutrition Science for Health Physical Education Students and Recreation at Ikip Budi Utomo Malang

571