Vo2max Athletes Performance of Yogyakarta Special Region in Pre
PON 2019
Devi Tirtawirya
1
,Tomoliyus
1
,Rumpis Agus Sudarko
1
1
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Yogyakarta State University, Colombo Street No.1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Performance, Physical Condition, DIY Athletes.
Abstract: Knowing and always controlling the physical condition of athletes is very important in the process of
focusing on sports achievement training, because it is important for a coach to make an exercise program
and know the strengths or weaknesses of athletes in facing the matches. Therefore, periodic physical tests
need to be carried out by the parent organization and coach so that athlete’s physical condition is as good
as it is expected during the competition.This research is an observational study using a test. The data were
obtained by performing an aerobic endurance test using the Multy Stage method conducted in the KONI
DIY (Yogyakarta National Sport Committee) for all 2019 pre-PON Puslatda athletes at level 1 and level
II. The test results are used as the data to be analyzed to give an idea of the athlete's true state.The results
suggested that athlere’s VO2max from all sport events were below the national or international targets
specified. From the data obtained, there was an average of 6-36 cc / kg bw / minute, and it varied from
each sport obtained by the initial test. It can be finally concluded that athletes in DIY Puslatda in this case
were lacking endurance and they were declared unable to compete in the actual match.
1 INTRODUCTION
The biggest multi-sport event in this country is the
National Sports Week which will be held in Papua in
2020. This inter-provincial sports competition is a 4-
year agenda that has always been a difficult and
important work for sports organizations, in this case
KONI Province (national sport committee). In
anticipation of this multi events activity, a huge
financial need, energy and mind are poured out in the
face of these agendas. Regional prestige is one of the
reasons why PON event is very prestigious. Besides,
achievements also become the key factor. Being a
winner in PON is something that is coverted and
sought after by athletes, coaches and administrators,
because of its prestige and rewards.
Becoming a champion is certainly not something
easy, it takes hard work and tenacity to undergo the
training process. Long precision in doing exercises
requires perseverance and support both in terms of
morale, material and proper training planning.
Through the long process of the training the trainer
must also be able to control, improve and finally
apply everything that has been done during the
training in the actual match. Becoming a champion is
not easy. All exercises must be programmed and
controlled by the coach, so that changes in the athlete
can be known.
The process of continuous training is something
that must be done by athletes and coaches to achieve
goals, namely peak performance. Continuous
exercise must be done but what we cannot miss is
evaluating the results of the exercise. Evaluation is
very important because we know the condition of the
athlete. After undergoing a training process, one that
needs to be controlled at all times is the physical
condition of the athletes.
The physical condition of athletes in the pre-
competition of DIY 2019 PON needs special
attention, because the status of the physical condition
is primarily an important factor which must be
increased and maintained so as not to decrease
specifically the VO2max, because if VO2Max is
good, athletes will be able to quickly recover.
Maximum oxygen absorption or consumption
(VO2max) means a person's maximum capacity for
aerobic work. These are products of cardiac output
(CO) and differences in arteriovenous oxygen (AV-
O2) during fatigue, and it is also used as the standard
size for one's aerobic fitness. This refers to the
maximum amount of oxygen that a typical individual
560
Tirtawirya, D., , T. and Sudarko, R.
Vo2max Athletes Performance of Yogyakarta Special Region in Pre PON 2019.
DOI: 10.5220/0009797505600567
In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports
(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 560-567
ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2
Copyright
c
 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

can use more than one minute during intense and
maximum effort (Ltd., 2017).
The physical condition of athletes must be at
national standards if they want to be succeed at the
national level, even though achievement is not merely
dependent on the physical problem. Besides, there are
techniques, tactics, and mental and even non-
technical factors needed to be controlled too.
Achievement is indeed not easy to achieve, but we
can at least physically try so that Puslatda Pra PON
DIY athletes can be above the average athlete of
potential opponents in the 2019 Pre PON.
Joint training, monitoring and evaluation are ways
to help the trainer to control the athlete's physical
condition. If you finish doing joint exercises, you will
see the physical condition of the athlete, especially in
terms of endurance, strength, and flexibility, so the
coach will get meaningful input about the athlete, so
that it can be improved. Because of the importance of
controlling the physical condition of Puslatda athletes
in Pre PON 2019, especially aerobic endurance, it is
necessary to know the VO2Max performance of the
athletes from now on, so that they can reach peak
performance.
Sports activities carried out by a person always
have different goals and objectives, including: health,
recreation, and achievement. For this reason, the
training load for each activity also differs according
to the desired goals and objectives. The aim of the
exercise in general is to help sports coaches to be able
to apply and have conceptual abilities to help reveal
the potential of sportsmen to achieve optimal
performance. Meanwhile, the target of training is to
improve the ability and readiness of the athlete in
achieving optimal performance (Tirtawirya D, 2017).
Determination of training load is adjusted to the
initial test and the objectives to be achieved. It is
because without the initial test, a trainer will find it
difficult to determine the portion of the exercise that
will be given to the athletes. For this reason,
individual principles must be strictly implemented in
determining the training load. In setting the training
load, there are 4 things that need to be considered, so
that success can be achieved, namely intensity,
volume, recovery and intervals (Sukadiyanto, 2010).
Paying attention to these 4 means that an exercise
program will be monitored for the high and low
quality of the exercise, because we can understand if
playing these 4 components means controlling the
intensity of the exercise
Physical exercise that is done regularly,
programmed, and measured properly will produce
physiological changes that lead to changes in the
body's ability to produce better energy. Very
important that training programs are systematic and
well-organized to induce superior adaptation of the
main functions of the body (Bompa, 2015).
The general preparation period is the beginning of
a series of training program in a periodization as
revealed by Dan Gordon, so that the training program
in the general period must be completed in a timely
manner to achieve the desired goals. General
preparation that is not on time and inacurrate will
disrupt the period and eventually will make the
training time longer. If the training becomes longer
than targeted, of course it will disrupt the training
process, especially during the competition period.
The lack of emphasis on athlete conditioning during
this initial period can lead to poor quality work in the
competition period (Gordon, 2009).
Like the component of endurance, during the
general preparation period VO2max must be fulfilled
according to the needs of the sport. If endurance in
this case (VO2max) does not meet what is required
by the sport rules, then athletes will experience
difficulties when entering the next period. Increasing
endurance is important for sports such as games,
martial arts and measurements, if endurance is
sufficient then the next training process will be easier.
The general preparation period is usually given a
longer time than the other periods. This means that
this period was prepared to achieve enough VO2 max
targets to face the actual match. In this general period,
the focus of endurance exercises is emphasized more
on a large volume, so that the intensity was still not
so high, and even tended to be low. Endurance
training in the general period is still comprehensive,
because the goal is to increase fitness.
The general preparation period is usually given a
longer time than the other period, it means that in this
period, it was prepared to achieve enough VO2 max
target to face the real match. This general period
focuses on the endurance exercises of a large volume,
so that the intensity was still not so high, and even
tended to be low. The endurance training in this
general period is still comprehensive, because the
goal is to increase the energy fitness. A good cardio
respiration means increasing lung volume, left
ventricular wall hypertrophy, left ventricular volume
to increase stroke volume and, as a result, facilitating
the delivery of oxygenated blood to the working
muscles, decreasing heart rate, increase capillary
density, increase lactate threshold so that athletes can
perform at a higher level of oxygen consumption, and
increase VO2 max in order to increase aerobic
capacity for longer training and faster recovery ability
when competing (Bompa, 2015).
Vo2max Athletes Performance of Yogyakarta Special Region in Pre PON 2019
561

2 RESEARCH METHOD
This research belongs to descriptive research.
descriptive research is a study that is intended to
gather information about the status of a phenomenon
that exists, namely the state of symptoms according
to what they were at the time of the study (Arikunto,
S, 2005),. Document analysis research (content
analysis) is research conducted on images, sounds,
writing, or other forms of recording, (Arikunto S,
2005). With this content analysis, researchers work
objectively and systematically to describe the content
of communication materials through a qualitative
approach.
The samples used were athletes at pre-PON
training in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with 19
sport events. The VO2Max test uses a multistage
followed by 77 athletes. The test was then compared
to the national standard VO2Max in each sport.
Data retrieval techniques used is tests and data
analysis is performed with descriptive analysis which
is a description of the research subjects based on
variable data obtained from the subjects studied. It
does not intend to test, but only describes "as is" about
a variable, symptom or condition (Arikunto S, 2005).
In analyzing the data, researchers used Qualitative
Descriptive Analysis, which is non-statistical method
in the form of a percentage.
3 RESULT
Based on the results of the tests carried out by DIY
KONI team using the Multi Stage, VO2max results
were less encouraging for athletes at Puslatda Pra
DIY PON 2019. The details can be seen in the bar
graph below.
Figure 1: Athletic.
In the athletic sport, Nur Sodiq, who will compete
in the 5,000 kilometers and 10 kilometers run, still has
to work hard to increase VO2max to 80 cc / kg /
minute. His current state was only 57.6 cc / kg /
minute. Meanwhile Bayu Prasetyo who climbed on
the fast road also needed to increase VO2max,
because he is still unable to reach 66 cc / kg bw /
minute.
Figure 2: MTB.
In the MTB bike, athletes also need to increase
VO2max, this time the test of the three athletes is still
far enough to achieve ideal performance. Anandan
Diva scored 31.6 cc / kg bw / minute, while Elx Fner
Christian Indi Saputra got 36.6 cc / kg bw / minute.
Lastly, Reno Satria scored 35.5 cc / kg bw / minute,
while the target is 50 cc / kg kg / minute
VO2max 1
VO2max target
0
20
40
60
80
Nur
sodiq
Bayu
Prase
tyo
VO2max 1
57,6 56,43
VO2max target
80 66
Athletic
VO2max
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
An
an
da
Div
a
S…
FX.
Eln
ero
Ch
rist
i…
Re
no
Sat
ria
VO2max
31,6 36,6 35,3
Target
50 50 50
MTB
YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS
2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)
562

Figure 3: Men’s Sand Voleyball.
Male sand volleyball also needs to increase
VO2max, if you look at the chart above the
achievements of the athletes vary, but still not reach
56.7 cc / kg / minute.
Figure 4: Women’s Sand Volleyball.
Not much different from male athletes, female
athletes have also not been able to come close to the
ideal national athletes VO2max.
Figure 5: Judo.
The judo sports branch is the same, the athlete's
VO2max condition is quite low compared to the
target set of 50 cc / kg / minute.
Figure 6: Pencak Silat.
Pencak silat martial arts have also not been able to
reach the targeted VO2max, if you look at the chart
above, you need to practice intensively to increase up
to 45 cc / kg bw / minute, for 50 cc / kg bw / minute
for boys.
Figure 7: Synchronized Swimming.
Synchronized swimming is also not much
different from other sports, it is ultimately necessary
to increase VO2max to reach 44 cc / kg bw / minute.
VO2max
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
Im
ta
q
An
s…
Be
ni
Ha
ry
o…
Ilh
a
m
Ak
b…
Ilh
a
m
Ca
h…
Fa
dd
el
M
u…
VO2max
47,838,936,643,438,6
Target
56,756,756,756,756,7
Men's Sand Voleyball
VO2max
Target
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
Yok
ebe
d
Pu…
Vitri
a
Dwi
Ra…
VO2max
37,6 33,94
Target
50,03 50,03
Women’s Sand Volleyball
VO2max
0,0
50,0
To
ga
P…
M.
Ca
n…
M.
Ary
a…
VO2max
23,936,6235,28
Target
50 50 50
Men's Judo
VO2max
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
Di
an
Pe
r…
Sh
oli
ha
h…
M.
Ich
sa
n…
Ga
la
ng
T…
VO2max
36,6240,8743,7544,4
Target
45 50 50 50
Pencak Silat
VO2max
Target
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
Sals
abil
a
Ri…
Mic
hel
e
H…
VO2max
27,40 35,6
Target
44 44
Synchronized Swimming
Vo2max Athletes Performance of Yogyakarta Special Region in Pre PON 2019
563

Figure 8: Lap Pool.
There is only one person on the lap pool, namely
Valeria Pauline, but her VO2max has also not been
able to reach the target set at 55 cc / kg bw / minute.
Figure 9: Billiard.
Billiard also shows the same results and is still far
from the national athlete's ideal of 35 cc / kg bb /
minute, for female and 40 cc / kg bw / minute, for
male athletes
Figure 10: Roller Skating.
Roller skating athletes need to work hard to
pursue a considerable VO2max deficit, so they must
be more focused on pursuing the set target, which is
52 cc / kg bw / minute for the 70 cc / kg bw / minute
for male athlete.
Figure 11: Taekwondo.
Taekwondo is the same, the athletes need to work
harder to achieve VO2max for women 50 cc / kg bw
/ minute and for men 60 cc / kg bw / minute.
Figure 12: Sport Climbing.
Rock climbing also needs to be improved and the
athlete have to work harder to increase their VO2max
VO2max
Target
0,00
100,00
Valeri Pauline
P.
VO2max
36,62
Target
55
Lap Pool
VO2max
Target
0,0
20,0
40,0
Ded
dy
Han
d…
Lafi
tri
Pan
ca…
VO2max
23,1 21,34
Target
40 35
Billiard
VO2max
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
Ar
ad
ha
na
Wi
k…
In
gg
rit
Nu
r
R…
Ga
bri
el
Tit
o
B…
Sa
ffa
Ali
zz
a
Ch
ail
a
Ad
di
n…
Ar
dh
ia
no
Re
z…
Au
rel
ia
Na
re
s…
Na
vis
ka
Pu
tri
A…
Hil
m
an
afi
ka
S…
VO2max
343647403433423639
Target
527070525270525270
Sepatu Roda
VO2max
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
R.
Od
o
Pr
an
g…
Ad
ity
a
Riz
ky
Y…
Jo
se
ph
M
ar
c…
Au
fa
Ab
rar
Rr.
L.
Br
an
iat
i A
Ra
ng
ga
Ba
rer
a
Dr
ast
ia
na
si
w…
Au
rel
M
ar
vel
G…
Be
ni
Sw
as
on
o…
VO2max
454830403743384027
Target
606060605060506060
Taekwondo
VO2max
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
Se
to
Dy
ah
Pu
sp
an
in
g…
Ar
go
Sa
tri
o
Ra
h
m
ay
un
a
F…
VO2max
35,2835,2838,6038,92
Target
52 45 52 45
Sport Climbing
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564

which is 45 cc / kg bw / minute for women and 52 cc
/ kg bw / minute for men.
Figure 13: Bike Racing.
Looking at the graph above it seems very far if
they are called bicycle racing athletes, the gap
between target set with the test results is far enough,
so it is necessary to pursue VO2max up to 55 cc / kg
bw / minute for the 65 cc / kg bw / minute for men.
Figure 14: Body Building.
Bodybuilding is a sport that does not require high
VO2max, but still needs to have adequate fitness, so
it is necessary to increase VO2max to 40 cc / kg bw /
minute.
Figure 15: Wushu.
Wushu is also the same as other martial arts,
unable to meet the VO2max target of up to 45 cc / kg
bw / minute for white 50 cc / kg bw / minute for men.
Figure 16: Kempo.
Similar with other martial arts, Kempo needs to
work hard to pursue the VO2max target, for women
45 cc / kg bb / minute and for men 50 cc / kg bw /
minute.
VO2max
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
Sa
th
na
Na
t…
Ap
rill
ia
So
n…
Be
rn
ad
us
Y…
An
gel
lia
An
n…
Ad
ity
a
Pu
t…
Ad
ity
a
Pu
t…
VO2max
27, 31, 37, 38, 30, 37,
Target
65 65 65 55 65 65
Bike Racing
VO2max
Target
0,00
20,00
40,00
Bambang
Sujatmiko
VO2max
26,34
Target
40
Body Building
VO2max
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
An
gel
a
Lo
u…
M
ar
ch
eli
n…
Ali
Azi
zi
An
to
ni
us
P…
Ha
ns
Gu
na
w…
VO2max
24,631,531,543,442,1
Target
45 45 50 50 50
Wushu
VO2max
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
Aa
n
Fer
tal
a…
M
us
an
nif
Wi
dy
a
Ha
n…
VO2max
48,73 37,61 32,24
Target
50 50 45
Kempo
VO2max Target
Vo2max Athletes Performance of Yogyakarta Special Region in Pre PON 2019
565

Figure 17: Woodball.
Woodball sports do not move with running but the
match time is long, so VO2max is included in the
standard 45 cc / kg bb / minute target.
Figure 18: Dancing.
Dancing also needs to increase VO2max to 43.7
cc / kg bw / minute for women and 48.2 cc / kg bw /
minute for men.
Figure 19: Water Polo.
This team sport requires high VO2max, because
playing in water, of course the obstacles are more
difficult, therefore athletes need to increase their
VO2max to 58 cc / kg bw / minute.
4 DISCUSSION
In the study of the performance of physical
conditions, in this case, the VO2max is indeed not yet
to be said to be encouraging, this maybe because the
tests were carried out at the beginning of the Puslatda.
However, it does not matter when. If seen from the
results of the multi stage test and existing national
targets or standards, it can be said that the athletes
before entering training center do not maintain their
aerobic endurance. It can be seen from the results that
are quite far from the targets set in all sports, but
because this is an initial evaluation, the coach needs
to work hard to improve.
There are no sports events that meet the targets of
both men and women athletes, this is a great
homework for trainers and administrators of KONI
DIY. Reflecting on this one component, of course,
DIY Puslatda athletes at the time of the test were not
eligible to compete at the national level, meaning that
if at that time there were sports that participated in
national championships and were unsuccessful, then
that would be understandable. However, three months
after the test, of course, the coach must be able to
reach the targeted perofrmance, and about three
months the athlete can be said as ready to compete in
real terms, if seen in terms of endurance.
This inadequate physical condition must be
overcome by providing general endurance training. It
is because if in the process of improving, it would be
better if it had not been mixed with technical
movements, because what was feared would later be
a hindrance in meeting the volume of targeted
training. Achieving high VO2max means that athletes
have enough stock, meaning that people with good
aerobic endurance will recover faster from fatigue. If
an athlete is able to recover quickly, then he will be
able to do matches with better conditions, of course,
technique, tactics and mentality will be equally
helpful in completing the task.
5 CONCLUSIONS
Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that: The
performance of athletes in Puslatda DIY in this case
VO2max
0,00
50,00
Ha
sn
a…
Ha
na
F…
Ha
nu
m…
Ge
sti
W…
VO2max
24,9323,5024,9324,93
Target
45 45 45 45
Woodball
VO2max
0,00
50,00
Jo
na
th
an
Gr
ec
et
a
Ro
na
ld
Vi
vi
Jo
cel
in
d…
VO2max
40,230,834,227,726,3
Target
48,243,748,243,743,7
Dancing
VO2max
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
Fa
dh
il
Gi
w…
Riz
ky
Ar
fiy
a…
Ke
vin
Da
ffa
P…
Ag
ist
ya
Da
m…
Ar
sal
El
De
va
Go
ldi
so
n
A…
M
oh
a
m
m…
VO2max
36,36,36,34,25,34,40,
Target
58 58 58 58 58 58 58
Water Polo
YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS
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566

is still poor in terms of their endurance and athletes
are declared unable to do a real match.
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