The Effect of Flexibility Exercise on Lay-up Skills in Basketball

Muhammad Mandala Putra Marga

, and Muhammad Hamid Anwar

Yogyakarta State University, Jl. Colombo No. 01 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Flexibility Training, Lay-up Skills, Basketball Games

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of flexibility exercise on the improvement of lay-up skill in basketball

in Indonesia, especially in the province of Lampung. This research uses one-group pretest-posttest design.

The independent variable is basketball. The data were collected in 2 months, done 24 times and analysed by

using statistic test. This study involved 30 samples who took flexibility exercise. The analysis of the data

found that F

count

= 5,010, using dk = 29, and α = 0,05 and F

table

= 2,756 or F

count

> F

table

. Therefore, there is

a significant effect on senior high school students’ lay-up skill. Students’ lay-up skill is improved 32,14%

after exercising using flexibility exercise method. It can be concluded that there is a significant effect of

flexibility exercise on lay-up skill in basketball game.

1 INTRODUCTION

Basketball, a sport that gets tremendous attention in

a branch of sport games, is becoming popular sport

played all around the world. The game is

characterized by intensive body contact, frequent

intermittent running and jumping, one-on-one

situation, quick direction changes in combination

with challenging technique, and coordination aspects

like catching, throwing, passing, and dribbling

(Garbenyte-Apolinskiene, Siupsinskas, Salatkaite,

Gudas, and Radvila, 2018). Basketball has become a

lifestyle for some young people especially high

school students. Moreover, basketball can be as

popular as the sport which is more popular in

Indonesia, like badminton.

Basketball is a game played in teams and the

victory is determined by point difference. As defined

by Muhajir in his book, basketball is played by two

teams, each consisting of 5 players who try to put

the ball into the opponent's basket and prevent the

opponents from putting the ball or scoring numbers

(Yusmawati, 2014). According to Rustanto (2017)

basketball is a sport in groups consisting of two

teams, five players each, who compete to score

points by putting the ball into the opponent's basket

(hoop).

Basketball is a regular and systematic exercise

which can improve physical fitness components

such as: (1) cardiorespiratory endurance, (2) muscle

strength and endurance, (3) flexibility, and (4) body

composition. Basketball is a program that functions

as a basketball athlete development (Paiman, 2013).

To be able to play basketball, you must first know

and master some basic technical skills in basketball

games such as passing, dribbling, and shooting

(Nurrochman, et al., 2009) in (Hapsari,

Dwikusworo, and Hidayah, 2013). At high school

level, the basic techniques of basketball include

dribbling, passing, and shooting.

Basketball promotes speed, agility, strength,

endurance, power, flexibility, and motor

coordination (DiFiori et al., 2018). To get effective

and efficient movements in basketball, someone

needs to master basketball skills, namely 1)

throwing and catching techniques, 2) dribbling

techniques, 3) shooting techniques 4) pivot

movement techniques, 5). layup shot techniques, and

6)stealing (Nuryadi, 2016)

Lay-up is one part of the shooting technique that

is often done by players to score in basketball.

During basketball games, lay-up becomes one of the

most commonly used method of scoring (Wang, Liu,

and Moffit, 2009) in (Chua, Quek, and Kong, 2017).

Lay-up is an effort to put the ball into the hoop or

basket by making two steps and jump to get points;

lay-up is also called gunfire. Learning how to do

lay-up is difficult because it must be accompanied

by a push and a high jump so that the ball becomes

as close as possible to the hoop. Besides, according

to (Nin, Lam, and Kong, 2016) the layup movement

is part of a complex movement which consists of

454

Marga, M. and Anwar, M.

The Effect of Flexibility Exercise on Lay-up Skills in Basketball.

DOI: 10.5220/0009788604540459

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 454-459

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

run-up, take-off and landing phase. Students often

find it difficult to control the flexibility of their

footsteps and jumping in order to get a good

coordination to do a lay-up. There are 10 physical

conditions, namely: 1) strength, 2) endurance, 3)

muscular power, 4) speed, 5) flexibility, 6) agility,

7) coordination, 8) balance, 9) accuracy, and 10)

reaction (Wiwoho, Junaidi, and Sugiarto, 2014).

Physical conditions make a positive contribution

to maximize the results of several sports. Total

physical condition parameters correlate with shot

accuracy in basketball (Gravitis, 2018). One element

of physical condition is flexibility. Several factors

that affect body shape are muscle, tendon, ligament,

joint type and structure, age, sex, body temperature

and muscle temperature, weight, height, and

genetics.

A person's flexibility can be increased by using

four methods, namely dynamic stretching method,

passive and proprioceptive neuromuscular

facilitation (PNF) training (Giyanto, Sutjana, &

Boleng, 2013). While each technique appears to be

effective to improve flexibility, the PNF techniques

seem to produce the most dramatic in- creases in

range of motion. Stretching should be included for

the purpose of preparing the muscles for strenuous

physical activity as well as for the prevention of

injury (G, Shellack Shellack, and Prentice, 1985)

A common way to increase body’s flexibility is

stretching exercises. Stretching programs have

generally been shown to increase muscle flexibility,

most likely as a result of enhanced stretch tolerance

rather than mechanical/physiological changes in the

muscle that is being stretched (Chan, Hong, and

Robinson, 2001; LaRoche and Connolly, 2006; Law,

Harvey, Nicholas, Tonkin, De Sousa, & Finniss,

2009) in (Ayala, Sainz de Baranda, De Ste Croix,

and Santonja, 2013). There are several types of

stretching, including static, dynamic, passive, and

contraction relaxation.

Figure 1: Knee joint flexion exercises

Figure 2: Joint flexibility exercises

Figure 3: Waist muscles exercises

Figure 4: Hip joint flexion exercises

The above methods can improve flexibility and

muscle weakness and the ability to stretch freely

which result in the possibility of joints to act freely

in the normal distance and the movements carried

out do not cause injury. A static stretching for 30

seconds gives the greatest increase in flexibility.

Increasing the stretching time to 60 seconds does not

give greater short-term increase in flexibility

(Bender and Education, 2015). Research shows that

there were different effects between a male player of

extracurricular basketball who has high flexibility

The Effect of Flexibility Exercise on Lay-up Skills in Basketball

455

and those who has low flexibility on their power

improvement and lay-up shoot result (Mertayasa,

Rahayu, and Soenyoto, 2016).

Since body’s flexibility is crucial, especially for

children, flexibility needs to be nurtured and trained

so that it will give maximum results. Determination

is the range of movements that can be made by

certain joints, which are limited by the arrangement

of joints. It requires an appropriate training program

in training flexibility (Susanto, Supriyadi, and

Andiana, 2013).

Dynamic stretching exercise is a stretching

exercise done by moving the body or limb

rhythmically without maintaining the farthest stretch

position. Curvature is the ability to move the body

and its parts. A good flexibility will provide an

increasing protection from injuries which provide a

good motoric development for children (Putra and

Muliarta, 2016). The benefit of dynamic stretching

exercises is that it can increase joint motion space

progressively. Based on research, (Mertayasa et al.,

2016) there is a difference between the effect of high

flexibility and low power of male players in

extracurricular basketball on the improvement of

the shoot-up results.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Basketball games have several basic techniques of

shooting, one of which is layup. This kind of shot is

done in the basketball hoop after dribbling the ball.

To do a high jump in the layup movement, speed is

needed in the last three or four steps. It is important

to keep the head upright while shooting. The ball

must be thrown using the wrist and fingers. It should

touch the board first before entering the hoop

(Pridani, Insanistyo, and Arwin, 2017).

Olifer (2007) in (Nuryadi, 2016) mentions in his

book “Basics of Basketball” that there are 2 (two)

types of shooting techniques, namely 1) outer shot

which consists of jump shoot, free throw, and set

shoot, and 2) deep shot, which is also called the

layup shot. Layup technique must be continuously

trained so that you get maximum results.

Layup in basketball is defined as an effort to put

the ball into the hoop or basket by making two steps

and jump in order to gain points. Layup is also

called flying shot. Layup is often done by cutting or

pushing (cut or drive). Layup shoot is one of moves

usually used to score points in a basketball game

when performing lightning strikes (Mertayasa et al.,

2016).

The layup movement must be done by making a

high jump and pushing the ball to make the ball as

close as possible to the hoop, increasing the chance

of getting points. Layup can be done by using right

or left hand. (Prusak, 2007) mentions the steps to do

right hand layup as follows. Firstly, jump with the

support of the left leg, then lift the right knee and

right hand, after that shoot the ball high and slowly

to the upper right corner of the shooter’s square. To

do left hand layup, jump with the support of the right

foot, lift your left knee and left hand, then shoot the

ball up high and slowly to the upper right corner of

the shooter’s square.

Figure 5: The layup movement technique

Human exercise aims to improve physical

fitness. Physical fitness needs to be trained and

maintained by training the physical condition of the

human elements. Improving flexibility through

stretching is another important preparatory activity

suggested to enhance physical performance (G et al.,

1985). One element is the physical condition of

flexibility. Several factors which affect the body's

flexibility include muscle, tendon, ligament, and

joint structure type, age, sex, body temperature and

muscle temperature, body weight and height and

genetics. Flexibility can be enhanced by using one of

four methods namely dynamic stretching method,

static method, passive method and Neuromuscular

Proprioceptive Facilitation method (Giyanto et al.,

2013)

Flexibility is a prerequisite for performing a skill

that requires extensive joint space which makes it

easy to make fast movements. Likewise,

determination is important for all people of all ages,

especially children and adolescents who sit in

school. As people get older, their joints, ligaments,

and tendons become stiffer, reducing their

flexibility. The flexibility is one component of

physical condition that has an important role. The

flexibility that someone has usually reflects the

agility of a person in his or her movements.

Even for athletes that are dominant in their

element of flexibility, if they have good flexibility,

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

456

they will have better performance compared to

athletes who have lower level of flexibility (Juditya

and Suwandar, 2016). Thus, coaches will generally

insist that stretching exercises be included as a part

of the preparatory period following a sufficient

warm-up prior to engaging in strenuous activity. We

have already mentioned why warm-up should be

performed before stretching in order to achieve the

best results (G et al., 1985)

3 RESEARCH METHODS

This study uses quantitative research and the method

in this study is true experiment. The true experiment

is a real experiment, which can control all variables

which can influence the way of experiment

(Sugiyono, 2009).

The treatment in this research was done by

carrying out layup exercise and flexibility exercise,

done by the students of a senior high school in

Metro city, Indonesia. The total population is 120

students, and the samples of this study are 30

students. The sample were taken by using random

sampling method without paying attention to the

strata of the population.

The research design used is pre-experimental

design with One-group Pretest-Posttest design. In

this design, there is no control group and the

subjects are placed randomly. Pretest of layup was

given to find out the first sample result. After that,

treatment (flexibility) was given. Finally, final test

(layup) was administered. By doing so, the real

result of consequence of contradicted treatment that

was given can be seen (Maksum, 2012).

The instrument was used to measure the skill

level of layup shoot, using scoring of picture value

of layup (Sodikun, 1992). Layup tests were done 8

times. The highest score was considered as the first

score (pretest) and the final test (posttest).

Figure 6: The implementation of layup test.

(Source: Imam Sodikun, 1992)

To find out the result of the effect of flexibility

exercise on the layup result in layup technique, this

research uses simple regression linear formula:

Y= a+Bx

Description:

X : flexibility exercise

Y : layup technique result

a : constant value of Y if X = 0

b : Direction value as a determinant which

indicates the increase (+) or decrease (-) of

variable Y

After collected, the data were then processed by

using above statistic formula. After that, test -F was

done. If F

count

> F

table

, it means that flexibility

exercise gives an effect on the layup technique.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1: The result of pretest and posttest on layup

shooting

Grou

Mean Pe

centa

Pre test 13,37

32,14 %

Post test 16,6

The results of the research involving 30 samples

who took flexibility exercise show that F

count

5,010 and with using dk = 29, then α = 0,05, it was

given F

table

= 2,756. Therefore, it can be seen that

count

> F

table

, meaning that flexibility exercise

contributes to the result of layup technique in

basketball game. Besides, the result of the author’s

calculation shows that regression similarity Y =

0,975 + 0,676 (X). The study reveals that there is

simple regression similarity on flexibility exercise

toward layup technic result as variable Y. The

regression similarity predicts the future condition

and some increase, if X changed. Therefore, simple

linear regression Y above X has a significant effect.

Layup skill is a basic technique in basketball

which is important and must be done by students

who join extracurricular basketball. One of types of

shooting which has the highest chance of making

points is layup, which is done by a striker whose

position is 1 meter away from the hoop. Player who

has the closest position to the hoop commonly has

higher shooting accuracy compared to those who are

in other positions; the success rate is between 55 to

60 percent.

Some basic steps in doing layup is dribbling or

catching the ball passed by teammate. After that, by

having some jump steps, effort to put the ball into

the hoop is made. Layup movement is a complex

The Effect of Flexibility Exercise on Lay-up Skills in Basketball

457

movement. In doing the actions in layup movement

such as jumping, hovering and landing, ankle flexion

is very crucial. Basketball players who have

powerful leg muscle and flexible hand motion will

be better in doing layup in a basketball game. The

power of leg and flexibility in hand pivot are

significant factors which play roles in the layup. The

more powerful the leg power, the more effect it

gives in the layup. Use the ankle flexion when

jumping. Participants who have high flexibility and

low flexibility affect the result of leg muscle power.

On the other hand, flexibility of pivot hand also can

be influenced, because the distance between ring of

hand and the hoop is closer thus makes it easy for

the player to do the layup.

The data which analyzed using F Test shows that

count

= 5,010 >F

table

= 2,576. It means that

increasing effect of result layup in basketball game

is significant or very significant.

Flexibility exercise is exercise that uses for doing

to all of way with big movement amplitude and

wide, as function of pivots which was used for

movement. Doing flexibility exercise is very crucial

to pay attention intensity and weight that was given

with controlling the way of exercise such as paying

attention to movement technique that was given for

exercising

. Flexibility movements will produce

energy-efficient movements with differences

determined by basketball players depending on the

results of lay-up shots on basketball extracurricular

players (Mertayasa et al., 2016).

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the research, it is concluded that flexibility

exercise is proven to improve the layup skills of

student of SMA N 1 Metro city, Indonesia. It is

proved by the statistical analysis result that shows

the increase of the score, from the pretest (13,37) to

the posttest (16,6) with the difference of -3.23.

Furthermore, the results show that F

count

= 5,010

table

=2,756. This research can be a reference if a

teacher or a coach is about to increase the layup skill

of their students using flexibility exercise in the

basketball extracurricular program

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