The Physical Condition Profiles of Male Volley Ball Players
in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, Bengkulu
Hendra Jaya¹, Ria Lumintuarso¹
¹Yogyakarta State University, Jl. Colombo No.1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Physical Condition, Volleyball Men's Players
Abstract: This study aims to find out the physical condition of male volleyball players at SMA Negeri 3 Kaur. This
research was a descriptive research and survey was used as the method. The subjects of this study were all
male volleyball players of SMA 3 Kaur, which were 25 people. This study used some tests to determine the
explosive power of leg muscles, arm muscle explosive power, agility, eye-hand coordination, flexibility and
aerobic endurance related to the physical condition of male volleyball players. Purposive sampling was
administered as the sampling technique. The data collection instruments in this study were tests and
measurements of physical conditions consisted of Vertical Jump Test, One Hand Medicine Ball Putt, Dodging
Run Test, Tennis Ball Throwing, Flexiometer Test, Bleep Test. The data analysis technique used in this study
was descriptive analysis technique. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the physical condition
of men's volleyball of SMA Negeri 3 Kaur was categorized in very good category at 8% (2 athletes), in good
category at 32% (8 athletes), in moderate and less categories at 60% (15 athletes).
1 INTRODUCTION
In the Republic of Indonesia’s Law Number 3 of 2005
regarding achievement sports in the article 27
paragraph 4, it is stated that "The coaching and
developing sports achievement are carried out by
empowering associations of sports, fostering national
and regional coaching centers, and organizing
competitions in stages sustainably”. SMA Negeri 3
Kaur is a public high school located in Raya Tanjung
Iman Street, Central Kaur, Kaur, Bengkulu. SMA
Negeri 3 Kaur is a school that often participates in
various championships in the academic and non-
academic fields at the provincial and national levels.
In the non-academic field, in the field of sports, SMA
Negeri 3 Kaur always sent its representatives in
participating in each championship, especially in
volleyball sports. However, for the provincial level in
Bengkulu, SMA Negeri 3 Kaur was still unable to
achieve maximum results because the school never
won the competition. It was based on the researchers’
observations, accompanied by the volleyball coach of
SMA Negeri 3 Kaur who already had a license.
From these observations, it was found out that
there were obstacles that must be addressed in dealing
with the lack of achievement of SMA Negeri 3 Kaur.
The physical condition of the players in that school
was still not optimal. This can be seen while they took
part in a training match between the core players and
the substitute ones. All the players in the first half
could work well based on their respective positions
and could adjust the tempo of the game. In the first
half, they played well. However, in the second half,
the players started to lose concentration, and mistakes
often occurred. The ball often came out in serving and
placing the balls in empty area was not done well. The
players were no longer disciplined in carrying out
their duties and did not have good cooperation, thus
they were often late in anticipating the attacks. The
solution regarding the above problems need to be
found, since it will impact on the maximum result and
the expected achievements will be difficult to get.
Therefore, the authors were interested in conducting
research on: “Physical Condition Profiles of Male
Volley Ball Players in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur,
Bengkulu”. Sport means organizing or manipulating
the body in order to make the body fit. Sports refer to
all types of physical activities, which can be done on
land, water, or in the air. The meaning of sports
according to the Indonesian encyclopedia is gestures
carried out by one or more people in a team or a
group. It was explained that the concept of sports is
to move, like playing activities, games, and sports
(Edward in Sabaruddin, 2016). Whereas according to
342
Jaya, H. and Lumintuarso, R.
The Physical Condition Profiles of Male Volley Ball Players in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, Bengkulu.
DOI: 10.5220/0009786103420347
In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports
(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 342-347
ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2
Copyright
c
2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
Rosdiani (2013), sports refer to any activities that
involve the nature or characteristics of the game and
elements of struggle to control oneself or others or a
competition with natural factors.
Volleyball, along with football, is a very popular
sport in the world and it is very easy for people to
understand the rules. The attraction of volleyball
game lies in the naturalness of the game. Volleyball
is a game that challenges both physically and
mentally. We must make a skilled movement under
the conditions of the game in the limited time (Rohim,
2008). Mukholid (2004) states that volleyball is a
game that uses a ball to be volleyed (reflected) in the
air back and forth on the net, with the purpose to drop
the ball in the opponent's field, to gain victory.
Based on the opinion above, it can be concluded
that essentially, volleyball is a ball game which is
done by implementing various basic game techniques
in which the idea is to take the ball into the opponent's
area or a condition when the ball has touched the floor
of the opponent's area bypassing the net.
Erianti (2004) argues that the basic technique of
playing volleyball consists of several parts as follows.
(a) Service. It is done in the beginning of the game or
can be said as a blow to start a match (game). (b)
Passing. It is the first step to form an attack. Passing
can be done by using two hands or one hand. (c)
Smash. It is a hard hit that can kill an opponent's
attack and it is a very beneficial blow for players who
have good physical conditions, especially the
explosive muscle power of a good athlete's limbs. (d)
Block. It is the main fortress to fend off enemy
attacks.
Volleyball is classified as a sport that requires
excellent physical condition. The special physical
conditions that are dominant in volleyball sports
include: (1) explosive strength of the arm muscles.
Explosive strength of the arm muscles is one of the
physical components that a volleyball athlete must
have, either in doing service or smash. Volleyball is a
sport that requires explosive power, especially the
explosive power of the limb muscles and arm
muscles, including the muscles of the fingers in
performing the techniques in volleyball game. In
addition to the explosive power of the leg muscles and
the arm muscles which are needed to do the smash,
the other techniques are also needed, like lower
service, lower passing and top passing. In doing those
passing above, the explosive power of the muscles of
the arms and muscles of the fingers are needed to be
able to push the ball upwards, as well as to punch the
ball into the opponent's area which is 10 to 18 meters
away. (2) Explosive strength of leg muscles is an
important physical condition in playing volleyball. It
is one of the explosive power elements, according to
Arsil (2015: 71). He said that: "A volleyball athlete
must have: strength of speed, endurance, explosive
power, agility and coordination". All of the
components above are needed to support volleyball
game activities such as: jumping, blocking, and
smash. (3) Agility. It is one's ability to be able to
change direction quickly and precisely when moving
without losing balance (Agus, 2012). If the athletes
have good agility, then the results will be good too,
especially when defending the opponent’s attacks and
looking for opportunities to attack or smash into the
opponent's area without losing balance in the game.
(4) Eye-hand coordination. Coordination is an
element of physical condition that is very important
in life, especially in sports activities. Almost all sports
activities require motion. Motion in sports rarely
works alone, but rather in a series of several elements
of motion, such as jumping, running, hitting,
throwing, and kicking. They involve motion
combination of the foot, hand, and other body parts.
In the volleyball game, from several motion elements,
such as jumping, hitting and coordinating the limbs,
eye-hand coordination is a very vital element to make
a smash. In volleyball game, special flexibility is also
important. According to Syafruddin (2011), special
flexibility is "the dominant ability of flexibility
needed in a particular sport". What is meant here is
the determination of the waist muscles. In doing a
smash, the role of waist muscle is indeed obvious
when the smasher carries out a blow. (6) Aerobic
endurance. In a competition, an athlete is required to
be able to move longer during the match without
experiencing fatigue in carrying out the techniques
and tactics in volleyball. The attack and defense must
be carried out by athletes and they must always move
dynamically and aggressively to find opportunity to
score a point in every moment. If a volleyball athlete
does not have good VO
2
max, he will have difficulty
in training or a match, even though the athlete has
good technical skills.
2 METHOD
This type of research was descriptive which aims to
describe something as it is. The population of this
study was the volleyball players of SMAN 3 Kaur
Bengkulu who actively participated in volleyball
training. They are 35 people consisting of 25 male
players and 10 female players. The sampling
technique used in this study was purposive sampling,
in which the determination of the sample is purposive
based on the objectives of certain considerations, thus
The Physical Condition Profiles of Male Volley Ball Players in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, Bengkulu
343
the samples were determined by the intended purpose
(Yusuf, 2015). The samples of this study were only
25 players deriving from male athletes and female
athletes, who had different physical abilities. The data
collection technique in this study was a test to
measure the explosive power of the arm muscles,
explosive limb muscle power, agility, hand eye
coordination, flexibility, and aerobic endurance. The
data analysis technique in this study was descriptive
analysis and scoring system using normalized
benchmarking.
3 RESEARCH RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
3.1 Vertical Jump Test
The frequency distribution of vertical jump test of
male volleyball players of SMAN 3 Kaur is displayed
in Table 1.
Table 1: Result of vertical jump test.
Category
Evaluation
Norms
Absolute
Frequency
Relative
Frequency
(%)
Very Good
> 102,67
3
12 %
Good
89,63 –
102,66
3
12 %
Moderate
76,59 –
89,62
7
28 %
Less
63,55 –
76,58
12
48 %
Very Less
< 63,54
0
0 %
Total
25
100%
The data can also be seen in the form of diagram
in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Diagram of vertical jump test result.
Table 1 and Figure 1 above inform the ability of
male players’ vertical jump volleyball of SMA Negeri
3 Kaur, showing 0% (0 athletes) in “very less”
category, 48% (12 athletes) in “less” category, 28%
(7 athletes) in “moderate” category, 12% (3 athletes)
in “good” category, and 12% (3 athletes) in “very
good” category.
3.2 One Hand Medicine Ball Putt
The frequency distribution of one hand medicine ball
putt of male volleyball players of SMAN 3 Kaur is
displayed in Table 2.
Table 2: Results of one hand medicine ball putt test.
Category
Evaluation
Norms
Absolute
Frequency
Very Good
> 7,7
2
Good
6,9 – 7,6
8
Moderate
6,1 – 6,8
7
Less
5,2 – 6,0
7
Very Less
< 5,1
1
Total
25
When it is displayed in the form of a diagram, it
can be seen in Figure 2 below.
Figure 2: Diagram of the one hand medicine ball putt test
result.
Based on Table 2 and Figure 2, it shows that the
ability of One Hand Medicine Ball Putt of volleyball
male players at SMA Negeri 3 Kaur is in "very good"
category at 8% (2 athletes), "good" category at 32%
(8 athletes), "moderate" category at 28% (7 athletes),
"less" category at 28% (7 athletes), "very less"
category at 4% (1 athlete).
3.3 Dodging Run Test
The frequency distribution of dodging run test of
male volleyball players of SMAN 3 Kaur is displayed
in Table 3.
YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS
2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)
344
Table 3: Result in dodging run test.
Category
Evaluation
Norms
Absolute
Frequency
Relative
Frequency
(%)
Very
Good
<12,45”
2
8
Good
12,46 –
13,34”
5
20
Moderate
13,35 –
14,23”
9
36
Less
14,24 –
15,12”
7
28
Very Less
>15,13”
2
8
Total
25
100
When it is displayed in the form of a diagram, it can
be seen in the picture below.
Figure 3: Diagram of dodging run test result.
Based on Table 3 and Figure 3 above, it shows that
the ability of Dodging Run Test for volleyball male
players in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur is in "very good"
category at 8% (2 athletes), "good" category at 20%
(5 athletes), "moderate" category at 36% (9 athletes),
"less" category at 28% (7 athletes), and "very less"
category at 8% (2 athletes).
3.4 Tennis Ball Throwing
The frequency distribution of tennis ball throwing test
of male volleyball players of SMAN 3 Kaur is
displayed in Table 4.
Table 4: Results of tennis ball throwing test.
Category
Evaluation
Norms
Absolute
Frequency
Very
Good
> 17
1
Good
13 – 16
11
Moderate
10 – 12
5
Less
7 – 9
7
Very Less
< 6
1
Total
25
When it is displayed in the form of a diagram, it can
be seen in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Diagram of tennis ball throwing test result.
Based on Table 4 and Figure 4 above, it shows
that the ability of tennis ball throwing on the male
volleyball players of SMA Negeri 3 Kaur is in the
category of "very good" at 4% (1 athlete), "good"
category at 44% (11 athletes), "moderate" category at
20% (5 athletes), "less" category at 28% (7 athletes),
"very less" at 4% (1 athlete).
3.5 Flexiometer Test
The frequency distribution of flexiometer test of the
male volleyball players of SMAN 3 Kaur is displayed
in Table 5.
Table 5: Results on flexiometer test.
Category
Evaluation
Norms
Absolute
Frequency
Relative
Frequency
(%)
Very Good
> 22.1
2
8
Good
18 – 22.0
5
20
Moderate
14 – 17
11
44
Less
10 – 13
7
28
Very Less
< 9
0
0
Total
25
100
When it is displayed in the form of a diagram, it
can be seen in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Diagram of flexiometer test result.
The Physical Condition Profiles of Male Volley Ball Players in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, Bengkulu
345
Based on Table 5 and Figure 5 above, it shows that
the flexiometer test of the male volleyball players at
SMA Negeri 3 Kaur is in "very good" category at 8%
(2 athletes), "good" category at 20% (5 athletes),
"moderate" category at 44% (11 athletes), "less"
category at 28% (7 athletes), “very less" category at
0% (0 athlete).
3.6 Bleep Test
The frequency distribution of bleep test of the male
volleyball players of SMAN 3 Kaur is displayed in
Table 6.
Table 6: Results of bleep test.
Category
Evaluation
Norms
Absolute
Frequency
Relative
Frequency
(%)
Very Good
> 37,2
2
8
Good
34,1 – 37,1
5
20
Moderate
30,9 – 34,0
5
20
Less
27,8 – 30,8
13
52
Very Less
< 2 7,7
0
0
Total
25
100
When it is displayed in the form of a diagram, it
can be seen in the picture below:
Figure 6: Diagram of bleep test results.
Based on Table 6 and Figure 6, it shows that the
bleep test for the male volleyball players in SMA
Negeri 3 Kaur is in "very good" category at 8% (2
athletes), "good" category at 20% (5 athletes),
"moderate" category of 20% (5 athletes), "less"
category of 52% (13 athletes), and "very less"
category at 0% (0 athlete).
4 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of data analysis, description, test
result, and discussion, it can be concluded that the
profile of the physical condition of volleyball male
players of SMA Negeri 3 Kaur in Bengkulu Province
was in “very good" category at 8% (2 athletes), in
"good" category at 32% (8 athletes), and in
"moderate, less and very less" categories at 60% (15
athletes).
5 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the conclusions above, the author gives
advice to trainers, athletes, and further researchers
with the following suggestions:
1. To improve the players’ performance, it is
recommended that the coach does not ignore the
physical condition of the players. The physical
condition is the basic of all sports, especially
volleyball, which can be done by doing structured
and programmed exercises.
2. To improve the performance of the volleyball
men's players in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, it is
recommended to increase the explosive power of
leg muscles, such as plyometric exercises, knee-
tuck, box to box exercises and other forms of
explosive muscle leg exercises.
3. To improve the performance of volleyball men's
players in SMA 3 Kaur, it is recommended to
increase the explosive power of the arm muscles,
such as push-up exercises by clapping both hands
when the body is lifted.
4. To increase the performance of volleyball men's
players at SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, it is recommended
to increase the players’ agility, by doing zig-zag
training, practice running back and forth, and so
on.
5. To improve the performance of volleyball men's
players in SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, it is recommended
to improve eye-hand coordination, by doing wall-
catching ball training and others.
6. To increase the performance of volleyball men's
players at SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, it is recommended
to improve flexibility, by doing exercise,
flexiometer, and others.
7. To improve the performance of volleyball men's
players at SMA Negeri 3 Kaur, it is recommended
to increase aerobic endurance, by doing 2.4 km
running exercise, bleep test and others.
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