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The Correlation between the Concentration of Hemoglobin and Vital

Lung Capacity with the Cardio-respiratory Resistance of the

Students Who Participated in Basketball Extracurricular

Herina Zufrianingrum

Yustinus Sukarmin

Yogyakarta State University, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Departement of Sport Science, Graduate School

Keywords: Hemoglobin, Vital Lung Capacity, Cardiorespiratory Endurance.

Abstract: This research was conducted due to the insignificant achievement of the basketball extracurricular members

at SMP N 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the

hemoglobin levels and vital capacity of the lung with the cardiorespiratory endurance of female students

who joined basketball extracurricular activity at SMP N 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta.The subject of this

study included 20 female students who participated in basketball extracurricular at that school. This study is

a correlational study to determine whether there was a significant correlation between the hemoglobin level

and vital lung capacity with the cardiorespiratory endurance. The method used in this study was survey

using test and measurement instruments of blood hemoglobin levels, lung vital capacity and multi stage

fitness. The data were analyzed using product moment correlation test and multiple correlations with a

significance level of 0.05 in SPSS 17.0 for Windows. The result of the study showed that there was a

correlation between the hemoglobin levels and vital lung capacity with the cardiorespiratory endurance of

basketball extracurriculars participants at SMP N 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta. This analysis resulted in

x1y

=0,576

x2y

= 0,609

x1x2y

= 0,779 and significance value (p) of < 0,05.

I INTRODUCTION

A person’s physical condition can be seen through

the level of physical fitness. The components of

physical fitness include speed, cardiorespiratory

endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance,

muscle explosive power and flexibility (DPN, 2000).

Someone who has high cardiorespiratory endurance

is able to carry out activities effectively without

experiencing significant fatigue. Meanwhile,

cardiorespiration is a combination of the two

systems which are the heart system and the

respiratory system.

There are a number of Physical Education

materials taught at schools including athletics, big

ball games, small ball games, etc. Big ball games

consist of several sub materials, like soccer,

volleyball and basketball. The basketball game is

divided into 4 quarters x 10 minutes of net time for

each play. Therefore, this type of sport consumes

much energy so that fatigue may possibly occur.

Based on observations on basketball extracurricular

activities at SMP N 4 Banguntapan, the members

showed insignificant achievement in which many

students were easily tired. During the practices, they

seemed breathing heavily and turned over easily.

The rapid frequency of players’ turn over and heavy

breath are characteristics of the low vital lung

capacity and low hemoglobin.

The ability of vital capacity is to store oxygen

and the ability of hemoglobin is to supply oxygen

for muscle work for a long period of time, especially

when exercising.

Based on the research conducted by Taufik Arif

Setyawan (2010), it was found that there was a

significant influence between hemoglobin levels and

cardiorespiratory endurance. Added to this, Tri

Setyanto Kurniawan's study in 2007 resulted in the

conclusion that vital lung capacity essentially

contributed to one's physical fitness including the

cardiorespiratory endurance.

Someone who has a good level of physical

fitness will be able to carry out daily tasks

effectively in a relatively longer time without

experiencing fatigue. One of the causes of suffering

276

Zufrianingrum, H. and Sukar min, Y.

The Correlation between the Concentration of Hemoglobin and Vital Lung Capacity with the Cardio-respiratory Resistance of the Students Who Participated in Basketball Extracurricular.

DOI: 10.5220/0009784702760280

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 276-280

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

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fatigue is the inability of blood muscles to supply

oxygen. As for the transport of oxygen in the blood

is aided by hemoglobin, the more hemoglobin in the

blood, the more oxygen is transported for tissue

needs.

On this basis, a study of the relationship between

the hemoglobin levels and vital lung capacity with

the cardiorespiratory endurance of the students who

participated in basketball extracurricular activities at

SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta was

conducted.

2 METHOD

2.1 Types of Research

This research is a correlational study to find out the

relationship between two independent variables with

a dependent variable. The method used in this study

is survey with product moment correlation analysis

techniques and multiple correlations by SPSS 17.0

for windows.

2.2 Time and Place of Research

The research data were collected on November 9,

2015. This research involved 2 teachers, 2 students,

1 trainer, and 1 medical staff in collecting the data.

2.3 Population and Research Samples

The population in this study included the students of

SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan who joined basketball

extracurricular activity. The research sample

included female students who participated in

basketball extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4

Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, totaling 18 students. The

sampling technique is total sampling (Sugiyono,

2006).

2.4 Data Collection Techniques and

Instruments

The data were collected using survey method with

some techniques, namely tests and measurements.

The instruments used are: (1) Hemoglobin level is

the amount of hemoglobin contained in the blood of

the students who joined basketball extracurricular

activities at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan,

Yogyakarta. The hemoglobin levels were measured

using Diaspect Hemoglobin T in g / dl units; (2)

Lung vital capacity in this study is owned by the

students who joined basketball extracurricular

activities at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan,

Yogyakarta. The vital lung capacity was measured

using a Spirometer with units of L / BTPS; (3)

Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of students

who joined basketball extracurricular activities at

SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta. The

measurement was conducted through a Multi Stage

Fitness Test.

2.5 Data Analysis Technique

2.5.1 Normality Test

The normality test aims to ensure that the data

obtained from the study are normally distributed.

The calculation of this study uses Kolmogorof-

Smirnov data analysis techniques and uses SPSS

17.0 for Windows tools.

2.5.2 Linearity Test

Linearity test is used to determine the nature of the

linear relationship between dependent variables and

independent variables (F-test). Linearity analysis in

this study was done using ANOVA in SPSS 17.0 for

windows.

2.5.3 Hypothesis Testing

Correlation analysis in this study was used to find

whether there was a relationship between two or

more variables. Hypothesis testing in this study was

done using product moment analysis and multiple

correlation (R-Test). The percentage effect of the

independent variable on the dependent variable is

shown by the magnitude of the determinant

coefficient (R2) (Algifari, 1997: 61).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.2 Hemoglobin Levels

The results obtained in the calculation of the

hemoglobin level data for basketball extracurricular

participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan

Yogyakarta were in the excellent category. Based on

the WHO table (2002), it can be seen that most of

the hemoglobin levels of basketball extracurricular

participants at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan,

Yogyakarta were in the very good category with a

percentage of 90% (16 female students) and a good

category with a percentage of 10% (2 female

The Correlation between the Concentration of Hemoglobin and Vital Lung Capacity with the Cardio-respiratory Resistance of the Students

Who Participated in Basketball Extracurricular

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students). When displayed in a graphical form, the

hemoglobin level data were described in the picture

as follows:

Figure 1: Histogram of Hemoglobin Levels.

3.3 Lung Vital Capacity

The results obtained in the calculation of vital lung

capacital data for the basketball extracurricular

participants were in the poor category based on the

lung vital capacity data according to Puskesjasrek in

Sugianto and Nanang Indardi (2007). The lung vital

capacity of basketball extracurricular participants at

SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta varied into

several categories consisting of 0% (0 female

student) in very good level, 5% (1 female student) in

good level, 30% (5 female students) in fairly good

level, 55% (10 female students) in a poor category

and 10% (2 female students) in a very poor family.

When displayed in a graphical form, the lung vital

capacity data of the participants were described as

follows:

Figure 2: Histogram of Lung Vital Capacity

3.4 Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The results obtained in the cardiorespiratory

endurance data calculation for basketball

extracurricular members at SMP Negeri 4

Banguntapan Yogyakarta were in the poor category

based on the cardiorespiratory endurance data

distribution table according to Brian Mackenzie

(2001). The cardiorespiratory endurance of

basketball extracurricular participants at SMP

Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta varied into

several categories consisiting of 0% (0 female

student) in very good category, 0% (0 female

student) in good category, 0% (0 female students) in

fairly good category, 60% (10 female students) in

poor category and 40% (8 female students) in very

poor category. When displayed in a graphical form,

the cardiorespiratory endurance data were described

as follows:

Figure 3: Histogram Cardiorespiratory endurance

3.5 Hypothesis Test and Discussion

The results of the product moment correlation

analysis with the help of SPSS with the Pearson

correlation test between X1 and Y amounted to

0.576, X2 with Y amounted to 0.609 and the

multiple correlation (R) amounted to 0.779.

Meanwhile, the determinant value (R2) was 0.635

which indicated the effect of independent variable

on dependent variable with the percentage of 51%.

According to Giri Wiarto (2013: 31) hemoglobin

has the property of combining oxygen with

oxyhemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin

which binds oxygen from the lungs is circulated

throughout the body.

Ganong William (1999: 627-646) suggested that

the transport of oxygen to the tissue depends on the

amount of oxygen entering the lungs, blood flow and

blood transport capacity. The amount of oxygen in

the blood is determined by the amount of dissolved

Kurang

Sekali

Kurang

Sedang

Baik

BaikSekali

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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oxygen, the level of hemoglobin in the blood and the

binding process of hemoglobin to oxygen. Zullies

Ikawati (2014: 1) suggested that O2 will be bound

by hemoglobin in the blood and transported to body

cells through a network of blood vessels, while CO2

will be released.

The ability of the lungs to hold oxygen is called

the vital lung capacity. Saryono in Giri Wiarto

(2013: 11) states that people who have a large vital

capacity will be more fortunate because the

frequency of breathing is not too fast, ventilation

(the process of air exchange) tends to quickly meet

the needs of oxygen. The role of the lungs is to

exchange oxygen with carbon dioxide through the

respiratory process. The purpose of breathing is to

provide oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon

dioxide. The vital lung capacity level is thought to

have a contribution and a close relationship with the

body. Having a good lung vital capacity causes

students to run sports optimally. The higher lung

vital capacity a person has, the more oxygen that can

be used for the cardiorespiratory system and the

better for cardiorespiratory endurance.

Lungs and heart endurance has an important role

in everyday life. The lungs and heart play a role in

supplying oxygen for muscle work for a long period

of time, meaning that the better the endurance of the

heart's lungs the better the physical fitness of a

person.

Based on the results of the correlation, it was

proven that there is a significant relationship

between hemoglobin and lung vital capacity with

cardiorespiratory endurance of 51% with a sign

value of 0.006. The more hemoglobin in the body

and the greater the vital capacity of a person the

more helpful it will be to transport the large volume

of oxygen in the body.

4 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Conclusion

Based on the research findings and discussions, the

following conclusions can be drawn as follows: a)

There is a significant relationship between the

hemoglobin levels and the cardiorespiratory

endurance of basketball extracurricular participants

at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta; b)

There is a significant relationship between lung the

vital capacity and the cardiorespiratory endurance of

basketball extracurricular participants at SMP

Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta; c) There is a

significant relationship between the hemoglobin

levels and the vital lung capacity with

cardiorespiratory endurance for basketball

extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 4

Banguntapan, Yogyakarta. This is indicated by the

results of p <0.05.

4.2 Suggestion

Based on the research conclusions above, there are a

number of suggestions that can be delivered,

namely: a) Trainers and students should pay

attention to the factors that affect the condition of

the students’ body before conducting a trial; b) The

ability of vital lung capacity and cardiorespiratory

endurance of students who joined basketball

extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4

Banguntapan Yogyakarta is considered low, due to

the lack of training. Therefore, further research can

take into account the factor of sample training; c)

There were still many shortcomings in this research.

Consequently, the next researcher should develop

and improve this research by adding variables and

research subjects.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank Universitas Negeri

Yogyakarta for the given supports.

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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