Factors Associated with Complaints Eye Fatigue in Office Workers at

PT. X Jakarta Pusat Clinical Laboratory in 2019

Rian Indra Wibowo and Erna Veronika

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Esa Unggul University,

Jl. Arjuna Utara No.9, Blk.1 No.2, Duri Kepa. Kebon Jeruk 11510, Indonesia

Keywords: Eye Fatigue, Lighting Intensity, Duration, Age, Visibility, Working Period.

Abstract: Eye fatigue is intensive stress on eye functions such as the accommodation of the eye muscles in work that

requires careful observation, or the retina as a result of contrast inaccuracies. Eye fatigue can cause physical

disorders such as headaches, double vision, glare at night, red eyes and various other vision problems. The

purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with eye fatigue. This research was conducted

with quantitative research methods with a cross-sectional study design using primary data from

measurements of light intensity, visibility, interviews, and questionnaires to 53 workers. The research

sample was workers in the TQA, Finance and HR departments who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The dependent variables studied were complaints of eye fatigue and the independent variables were the

lighting level, monitor duration, age, visibility and length of service. The results of the bivariate analysis

showed a relationship between the intensity of lighting, the duration of use of the monitor, and the distance

of the monitor with complaints of eye fatigue. Companies are advised to provide information on workers

regarding eye fatigue, and workers are advised to rest their eyes from the monitor's view every 20 minutes

for 20 seconds.

1 INTRODUCTION

The use of computers throughout the world has

increased from time to time. With a computer, work

can be done easily and quickly. But the use of

computers also has an effect on health. The use of

computers can cause stress, as found by NIOSH

(The National Institute of Occupational Safety and

Health). NIOSH found that computer operators have

higher stress levels compared to other jobs

(Djunaedi, 2003).

The computer is one of the working tools used to

assist workers in processing data and storing data,

this computer also has an impact on users such as

complaints of eye fatigue and eye refraction

abnormalities. (Komariah & Wahyu, 2014). Tired,

tense or aching eyes are disturbances experienced by

the eyes because their muscles are forced to work

hard especially when they have to look at close

objects for a long time. The eye muscle itself

consists of three muscle cells, namely the external

muscle that regulates the movement of the eyeball,

the ciliary which functions to focus the lens of the

eye and the iris muscle which regulates light into the

eye. All activities related to the coercion of these

muscles to work hard can make the eyes tired

(Santoso, 2004).

Complaints of eye fatigue is a symptom that is

often found due to continuous eye interaction with

the use of computers. The use of a computer that is

done for a long time will make the eyes tired and dry

because the eyes continue to be used to view the

monitor screen. To prevent this, we need to pay

attention to ergonomic visuals in using computers

such as distance from the eye to the monitor screen,

room lighting and the position of the monitor to the

eye so that workers get visual comfort when doing

their work (Affandi, 2005).

According to the WHO report (2012), 285

million people suffer from visual impairment, of

which 39 million have blindness and 246 million

have low vision. Ninety percent of vision

problems occur in developing countries. In general,

refractive disorders that cannot be corrected

(nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism)

are the main causes of visual impairment, while

cataracts are the main cause of blindness in middle

and low income countries (WHO, 2012). Eighty

360

Wibowo, R. and Veronika, E.

Factors Associated with Complaints Eye Fatigue in Ofﬁce Workers at PT. X Jakarta Pusat Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

DOI: 10.5220/0009776903600369

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health (ICOH 2019), pages 360-369

ISBN: 978-989-758-454-1

percent of vision problems can actually be prevented

and treated.

The Professional Services Manager of the

Australian Optometric Association stated that

complaints of eye fatigue, vision problems, and poor

health worsen as long as we continue working long

hours and depend on the computer. The office

worker group is one of the highest risk categories for

complaints of eye fatigue, some studies indicate that

35–48% of office workers suffer from this problem

(Hana, 2008).

In Indonesia, Complaints of eye fatigue are one

of the symptoms that are often found because of

continuous eye interaction with the use of

computers. The results of research conducted at the

"X" Hospital in 2004 obtained the prevalence rate of

Complaints of eye fatigue in computer workers by

95.8% (Fauziah, 2004).

The impact of complaints of eye fatigue can

cause physical disorders such as headaches, double

vision, glare at night light, red eyes, inflammation of

the lining of the eye, reduced eye acuity and various

other eye health. With no occurrence of illness and

accidents due to work, it means there is no

absenteeism of the workers. The absence of

absenteeism (or the low absenteeism rate) and the

increasing health status of workers will obviously

increase efficiency, which leads to increased

company profits (Notoatmodjo, 2011).

The results of research conducted by Hijriani

(2018) showed that there was a significant

relationship between complaints of eye fatigue,

computer use duration, the distance of vision to the

monitor, and lighting intensity while age had no

significant relationship to complaints of eye fatigue.

Another study conducted by Septiansyah (2014)

showed that there was a significant relationship

between complaints of eye fatigue with

abnormalities of refraction, monitor distance,

duration of computer use, and lighting levels. A

similar study conducted by Sofiati et al (2011)

showed that there was a significant relationship

between complaints of eye fatigue and length of

service. Similar research conducted by Nourmayanti

(2010) shows that there is a significant relationship

between complaints of eye fatigue with age and

lighting levels.

PT. X in Central Jakarta is one of the companies

engaged in laboratories. The company consists of

offices and laboratories. Where the Office is the

management part which consists of Finance, TQA,

marcorp, marcomm, legal and others, then the

laboratory is a part of doing laboratory inspection

work. In its work activities, especially the Office of

Finance, HRD and TQA cannot be separated from

the use of computers. Based on a preliminary study

of the Office of 24 people who were interviewed

through a questionnaire 20 people (83%) had

complaints of eye fatigue complaints and 4 people

(17%) had no complaints of eye fatigue complaints.

Based on these problems, researchers want to find

out what are the factors associated with complaints

of eye fatigue in the Office of the clinical laboratory

company at PT. X Central Jakarta in 2019.

1.1 Eye Fatigue

Eye fatigue or asthenopia according to Medical

Science is a symptom caused by the excessive effort

of the vision system that is in an imperfect condition

to obtain visual acuity. Meanwhile, according to

Henny (2001) eye fatigue arises as intensive stress

on eye functions such as on accommodation muscles

in jobs that need careful observation or to the retina

as a result of inaccurate contrast.

1.2 Lighting Intensity

Suma'mur (2002) states that good lighting allows

workers to see objects that are done clearly, quickly

and without unnecessary efforts. In addition, poor

lighting can result in eye fatigue with reduced work

efficiency. Eye fatigue is caused by stress that

occurs in vision function. Stress in the muscles that

function for accommodation can occur when a

person tries to look at small objects and close

distances for a long time. In such conditions, the eye

muscles will work continuously and be more forced.

The tension of the accommodating muscles (corpus

ciliary) is greater so that there is an increase in lactic

acid and as a result, there is eye fatigue, stress on the

retina can occur if there is excessive contrast in the

field of vision and long observation time.

1.3 Monitor Usage Duration

Seeing for a long time at risk of tired eyes or

asthenopia (Afandi, 2002). Eye fatigue is the strain

on the eyes and is caused by the use of the sense of

sight at work that requires the ability to see for long

periods of time and is usually accompanied by

uncomfortable vision conditions (Pheasant, 2016).

Eye fatigue caused by prolonged use of the

computer or Computer Vision Syndrome will appear

after 4 hours or more exposure to the monitor screen

light. The longer the exposure will have an impact

on eye health such as tired eyes, headaches, blurred

vision, dry eyes, sore eyes, burning eyes, eyes

Factors Associated with Complaints Eye Fatigue in Ofﬁce Workers at PT. X Jakarta Pusat Clinical Laboratory in 2019

361

become sensitive to light, double vision, pain in the

neck and back, complaints of dizziness, nausea and

vomit. (Miller, 2004).

1.4 Age

According to Guyton (2007), states that

accommodation power decreases at the age of 45-50

years. A person is said to have a normal eye health

condition at the age of 20-45 years, while at the age

of 45-50 years the eye accommodation power will

decrease or in other words, health conditions eyes

will decrease (Ilyas, 2003).

1.5 Visibility with Monitor

Eyes should be facing towards the monitor. Head not

too close or too far away from the monitor because it

will quickly make the eyes tired. For that, you can

adjust the position of the monitor or can also adjust

your seat. Good eyesight around 20 inches (50 cm)

(Maryono & Istiana, 2007). The screen filter is

needed so that the radiation from the monitor does

not directly affect the eyes so that eye health is

maintained. The light fan's dark color settings on the

monitor must also be precise, and the monitor's

resolution needs to be considered. Try to adjust the

color not too bright or too dark. Provide adequate

lighting in the computer room so that the eyes do not

get tired. If this is the case, the health of every

computer user will be maintained (Sunarto, 2007).

1.6 Working Time

The working period is a period of time or length of

time when the work works somewhere (Tarwaka,

2010). The length of work is one of the tools that

can influence one's ability, by looking at the length

of his work we can find out how long someone has

worked and we can assess the extent of his

experience (Bachori, 2006). Siagian (2008) states

that the work period shows how long a person works

in each job or position. Kreitner and Kinicki (2004)

state that long work periods will tend to make an

employee feel more comfortable in an organization,

this is due to the fact that they have adapted to the

environment long enough so that a worker will feel

comfortable with his work. The working period

according to Hani (2007) is categorized into two,

covering the working period of the new category ≤ 3

years and the working period of the old category> 3

years.

2 METHODOLOGY

This type of research is quantitative with a cross-

sectional design. Data collection with primary data

from questionnaires and measurements. The

population is office workers (Finance, TQA, and

HR) in the clinical laboratory of PT.X. The sampling

technique was simple random sampling, which

amounted to 53 respondents with the inclusion

criteria of employees who were willing to become

respondents and did not have eye refraction

abnormalities.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Univariate Analysis

Table 1: A description of eye fatigue in office workers at

the Central Jakarta PT.X Clinical Laboratory 2019.

Eye Fatigue Frequency Percentage

Eye fatigue 42 79,2%

No Eye fatigue 11 20,8%

Total 53 100%

Based on table 1. it can be seen that the highest

proportion of workers who experience eye fatigue

are found in respondents who experience eye fatigue

that is there are 42 respondents (79.2%). This is in

line with research conducted by Nourmayanti (2009)

in the telecommunications industry showing that the

proportion of workers who experience eye fatigue

complaints is greater than the proportion of workers

who do not experience eye fatigue complaints that is

90.2% as many as 46 respondents. This can be seen

from the duration workers who use computers can

reach more than 5 hours/day. To reduce the

appearance of eye fatigue due to computer use,

(Swamardika, 2001) recommends "3B" namely

Blink, Breath, and Break. Blink is winking, under

normal circumstances, one minute will blink 12-15

times. The winking frequency will increase when in

a state of happiness, aroused, talking, doing physical

activity. The frequency decreases when reading,

thinking, and concentrating at work. Seeing without

blinking will tire your eyes. By blinking the eyes

will rest even for a moment and there will be an eye

cleansing process and a process of re-wetting the

eyes so that vision will remain clear. Because this

blinking process is an automatic process, it must be

ICOH 2019 - 1st International Conference on Health

362

realized at an early stage that winking is important.

Breath is breathing. If under stress, there is a

tendency to hold your breath. This situation will

cause the muscles to tense up unnoticed. Breathing

correctly and regularly will cause muscle relaxation

including eye muscles. The break is a break. If work

on a computer requires high concentration, then a

short break is needed to allow recovery time. In

practice at work, the workers do not take a break

from the eye, so it is necessary to take a break in the

eye.

Table 2: A description of monitor lighting Intensity at

Office workers at PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

Monitor lighting Intensity Frequency Percentage

Risk 38 71,7%

No Risk 15 28,3%

Total 53 100%

Based on table 2. it can be seen that the highest

proportion of lighting levels in the monitor area is

found by respondents with lighting levels in the risk

category that is as many as 38 respondents (71.7%).

This result is in line with Nourmayanti Research

(2009) it is known that lighting levels in desk

workers <300 lux as many as 94.1% workers.

Whereas the lighting intensity of desk workers

which is lux 300 lux is only 5.9%. When taking

measurements, there were several respondents who

claimed that they were comfortable being too close

to the monitor, this was due to the lack of light in the

monitor area, so the eyes needed to get closer to

getting information from the computer clearly so

that the eyes worked harder. The lighting in the

monitor area is still lacking so it needs to be assisted

with lighting on the monitor so that information

from the monitor can be well received by the eye.

Infield conditions there are no broken room lights

but the lights used for large rooms need to be added

so that each table gets bright lighting. Control that

can be done on less lighting is to increase lighting

according to a minimum standard of 300 lux and

measuring the intensity of lighting in the work area

monitor workers.

Table 3: A description of the duration of the use of

monitors in Office workers at the PT.X Clinical

Laboratory in 2019.

Duration of The

Use of Monitors

Frequency Percentage

Risk 45 84,9%

No-Risk 8 15,1%

Total 59 100%

Based on table 3. it can be seen that the highest

proportion of the duration of use of the monitor is

found in respondents with the duration of the use of

monitors at risk (duration> 4 hours) ie there are as

many as 45 respondents (84.9%). This result is in

line with research (Sya'ban and Riski, 2014) where

the percentage of workers exposed to ≥ 4 hours is

greater than 27 people (81.8%) than workers who

experience a long duration of exposure <4 hours ie 6

people (18, 2 %). The work in PT.X clinical

laboratory requires workers to do many tasks that

are required to be completed and reach the target so

that they cannot be delayed in doing so, there are

some workers who have more working hours

(overtime) so that the duration of work becomes

longer according to the work and demands each

position, the thing that must be done by workers is

to increase the frequency of rest so that the eyes

become relaxed and comfortable to return to work,

workers can reduce exposure to the computer by

doing regular eye rest so that there is a time lag of

the eye muscles to rest.

Table 4: A description of Age Office Worker at PT.X

Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

Age Frequency Percentage

Risk 7 16,2%

No Risk 46 86,8%

Total 53 100%

Based on table 4. it can be seen that the highest

proportion of age is found in respondents who are

not at risk (age <45 years), there are 46 respondents

(86.8%). This result is in line with research

(Nourmayanti, 2009) where it is known that the

majority of workers have age <45 years which is as

much as 94.1% of workers. Whereas workers who

have ≥ 45 years of age are only 5.9% of workers.

At the PT.X clinical laboratory, many workers are

still young or under 45 years because more workers

have resigned before entering retirement.

Recruitment activities are carried out when new

Factors Associated with Complaints Eye Fatigue in Ofﬁce Workers at PT. X Jakarta Pusat Clinical Laboratory in 2019

363

employees enter the contract system and if the

employee meets the needs of the company, OJT

(On the Job Training) will be conducted, the

appointment for OJT is no longer than 1 year from

the employment contract.

Table 5: A Description of Visibility with Monitors on

Office Workers at the Central Jakarta PT.X Clinic

Laboratory in 2019.

Visibility Frequency Percentage

Risk 18 34%

No-Risk 35 66%

Total 53 100%

Based on table 5. it can be seen that the highest

proportion of visibility is found in respondents with

visibility that is not at risk that there are as many as

35 respondents (66%). The results of this study are

in line with (Supriati, 2008) where the highest

proportion of respondents is according to the

monitor's viewing distance, which is 19 respondents

(86%) Workers in PT.X clinical laboratory

companies in using monitors are in accordance with

safe viewing distances standardized that is not less

than 50 cm. This has been noted by facility service

in companies where monitors are given a sufficient

distance from the monitor user's desk so that more

monitor users are at a standard distance.

Table 6: A Description Working Period in Office workers

at the PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

Working Period Frequency Percentage

Risk 30 56,4%

No Risk 23 43,4%

Total 53 100%

Based on table 6 it can be seen that the highest

proportion of tenure is found in respondents with

tenure at risk, namely as many as 30 respondents

(56.4%). The results of this study are in line with

Fitri (2018) where the highest proportion of working

years is risky working years (> 3 years), which is 42

respondents (76.4%). The working period is a period

of time or the length of time the workforce works is

a place. The work period will give a positive

influence on performance if the longer the work

period, the workforce will be more experienced in

carrying out their work. Conversely, work tenure

will have a negative effect if with increasing work

tenure, workers experience losses such as work-

related health problems (Aditya, 2010). The workers

in the clinical laboratory company PT. X many

workers who work more than 3 years or the same as

3 years this is because the company gives sufficient

attention to employees and get more rights than

other companies so that many choose to continue

working at the PT.X Laboratory company in the

long term. more than 3 years.

3.2 Bivariate Analysis

From table 7. shows that the respondents who

experienced the highest level of lighting risk were

the proportion of respondents who worked with

complaints of eye fatigue as many as 37 respondents

(97.4%), the workers with lighting levels were not at

the highest proportion ie workers who did not

complain of fatigue eyes as many as 10 respondents

(66.7%). In the results of the crosstabulation, there is

one cell with an expected count value <5 so that the

p-value is read with Fisher's Exact and a value of p =

0,000 (p-value <0.05), which means statistically

shows a relationship between the level of monitor

lighting with eye fatigue at office workers at the

PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019. Results of PR

with 95% CI obtained 2.9 results so that workers

who have lighting levels at risk (<300 lux) will

experience 2.9 at risk for experiencing eye fatigue

compared with workers with lighting levels not at

risk (> 300 lux).

Good lighting according to Suma’mur (2013) is

lighting that allows workers to easily see objects

around them clearly without being accompanied by

unnecessary efforts. Well-arranged and sufficient

lighting will help to make the work environment

pleasant and comfortable so that it can maintain the

morale of the employees and increase productivity.

Each job has different levels of lighting intensity,

depending on the type and nature of the work. If the

lighting intensity is less, it can cause visibility and

eyestrain problems. (Tarwaka, 2011).

The workers at the PT.X clinical laboratory have

provided good lighting in the room, but in the work,

area using a monitor the level of lighting does not

meet this standard considering the light level on the

monitor each worker has their respective settings

according to the comfort of workers and

socialization related to the level of lighting has not

been given so that the eye's vision area on the

monitor does not get enough light, in the end, the

eye works harder to get information on the monitor

screen, this causes the eyes to get tired quickly.

Suggestions for companies to provide socialization

related to the use of monitors, especially at the level

of monitor lighting so that workers are able to work

comfortably and avoid complaints of eye fatigue.

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364

Table 7: The Relationship Between Lighting Levels and Eye Fatigue for Office Workers at PT.X Clinical Laboratory in

Central Jakarta in 2019.

Lighting Levels

Eye Fatigue

Total

P-

value

(95%

CI)

Yes

Risk

37 97,4 1 3,6 38 100

0,000

2.921

(1.425-

5.987)

No Risk

5 33,3 10 66,7 15 100

Table 8: Relationship Between Monitor Usage Duration and Office Workers' Eye Fatigue in PT.X Clinical Laboratory

2019.

Monitor Usage Duration

Eye Fatigue

Total

P-

value

(95%

CI)

Yes

Risk

39 86,7 6 13,3 45 100

0,006

2,3

(0,938-

5,695)

No Risk

3 37,5 5 62,5 8 100

From table 8. above shows that the respondents

with the duration of use of the monitor were at the

highest proportion, namely the respondents who

complained of eye fatigue as many as 39

respondents (86.7%), the respondents with the

duration of using the monitor were not at the highest

proportion, namely the workers who did not

complain eyestrain is as many as 5 respondents

(62.5%). In the results of the crosstabulation, there is

one cell with an expected count value <5 so that the

p-value is read with Fisher's Exact and a value of

p=0.006 (p-value <0.05), which means that

statistically shows a relationship between the

duration of monitor use and eye fatigue in office

workers at the PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

The results of PR with 95% CI were obtained at 2.3

so that workers who have a duration of use of the

monitor are at risk (> 4 hours) will experience 2.3

are at risk for experiencing eye fatigue compared to

workers with a duration of use a monitor that is not

at risk (<4 hours).

The duration of the use of the computer is no

more than 4 hours a day. If it exceeds this time, the

eyes tend to experience refraction. In this case, it is

recommended that the National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) VDT

Studies and Information take a 15-minute break

from using the computer for two hours. Frequency

of regular breaks is useful to cut the fatigue chain so

that it will increase comfort for computer users

(Murtopo and Sarimurni, 2005). Seeing for a

longtime risk of tired eyes or asthenopia (Afandi,

2002). Eye fatigue is tension in the eye and is caused

by the use of the sense of sight at work that requires

the ability to see for long periods of time and is

usually accompanied by uncomfortable visual

conditions (Pheasant, 2016). Complaints of eye

fatigue caused by prolonged use of the computer or

Computer Vision Syndrome will appear after 4

hours or more exposure to the monitor screen light.

The longer the exposure will have an impact on eye

health such as tired eyes, headaches, blurred vision,

dry eyes, sore eyes, burning eyes, eyes become

sensitive to light, double vision, pain in the neck and

back, complaints of dizziness, nausea and vomit.

(Miller, 2004).

At the current PT.X Clinical Laboratory,

demanding workers to perform many tasks that are

required to be completed and reach the target so that

it cannot be delayed in doing so, some workers have

more work hours (overtime) so that the duration of

work becomes longer according to work and

demands each position. The thing that must be done

by workers is to increase the frequency of rest so

Factors Associated with Complaints Eye Fatigue in Ofﬁce Workers at PT. X Jakarta Pusat Clinical Laboratory in 2019

365

that the eyes become relaxed and comfortable to

return to work, workers can reduce exposure to the

computer by taking regular eye breaks so that there

is a pause in time for the eye muscles to rest. To

reduce the appearance of computer fatigue,

ophthalmologists recommend rules 20 - 20 - 20.

This rule recommends that every 20 minutes work

in front of the computer, workers must take a break

of at least 20 seconds by looking at an object or

object about 20 feet (20 feet) =6 meters (Flammini,

2013).

From table 9. Below shows that the highest

proportion of age-at-risk workers is 5 respondents

(age> 45 years) complaining of eye fatigue (71.4%),

and the highest proportion of respondents not at risk

are workers complained of eye fatigue of 37

respondents (age <45 years) (68.6%). In the results

of the crosstabulation, there is one cell with an

expected count value <5 so that the p-value is read

with Fisher's Exact and a p-value = 0.626 (Pvalue>

0.05), which means statistically shows there is no

relationship between age and eye fatigue in workers

office at PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019. Results

of PR with 95% CI showed a result of 0.88 (<1) with

a p-value of 0.62 (<1) So that age at risk of workers

is a protective factor from eye fatigue.

According to Guyton (2007), states that

accommodation power decreases at the age of 45 -

50 years. Someone said to have normal eye health

conditions at the age of 20-45 years, while at the age

of 45-50 years the eye accommodation power will

decrease or in other words, the condition of eye

health will decrease (Ilyas, 2003). Suma'mur (2013)

believes that poor lighting can result in eye fatigue

with reduced power and work efficiency. Distance

monitor can also affect the occurrence of eye

fatigue. The results of the study by Venkatesh, et al

(2016) showed that workers who use computers with

a distance of <25 inches or equivalent to <50 cm

experience eyestrain as much as 34.7% of workers.

In addition, it can be influenced by the long duration

of computer use. Research by Berliana and Fauzia

(2017) at Bangko City Bank on Factors Associated

with Complaints of Eye Fatigue in Computer User

Workers, showed complaints of eye fatigue as much

as 96.3% of workers who worked at risk with a

duration of computer use> 4 hours.

The absence of a significant relationship between

the two age variables and eye fatigue complaints in

this study could be due to the fact that most of the

workers were young (<45 years) so the risk was

lower for old age (> 45 years) to get a higher

proportion of eye fatigue complaints.

Table 9: Relationship Between Age and Office Workers' Eye Fatigue at PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

Age

Eye Fatigue

Total

P-

value

(95%

CI)

Yes

Risk

5 71,4 2 28,6 18 100

0,626

0,888

(0,544-

1,499)

No Risk

37 68,6 9 19,6 46 100

Table 10: Relationship Between Monitor Visibility and Office Workers' Eye Fatigue at PT.X Clinical Laboratory 2019.

Monitor Visibility

Eye Fatigue

Total

P-

value

(95%

CI)

Yes

Risk

18 100 0 0 18 100

0,010

1,458

(1,165-

1,825)

No Risk

24 68,6 11 19,6 35 100

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366

Table 11: Relationship Between Working Period and Eye Fatigue in Office Workers at PT.X Clinical Laboratory in Central

Jakarta in 2019.

Working Period

Eye Fatigue

Total

P-

value

(95%

CI)

Yes

Risk

24 80 6 20 30 100

1,000

1,022

(0,773-

1,353)

No Risk

18 78,3 5 21,7 23 100

From table 10. shows that the respondents with

monitor visibility were at the highest proportion,

namely workers who complained of eye fatigue, 18

respondents (100%), while those with visibility were

not at risk, the highest proportion of workers who

complained about eye fatigue were 24 respondents

(68.6%). In the results of the crosstabulation, there is

one cell with an expected count value <5 so that the

p-value is read with Fisher's Exact and a value of p =

0.01 (p-value <0.05), which means that statistically

shows the relationship between the monitor's

visibility and fatigue eyes on office workers at PT.X

Clinical Laboratory in 2019. Obtained PR results

(95% CI) 1.4, so that workers who have visibility

at risk (<50 cm) will experience 1.4 times the risk

of experiencing eye fatigue compared with

workers whose duration of monitor use is not at risk

(> 50 cm).

Efforts that can be done in order to prevent the

occurrence of complaints of eye fatigue is to pay

attention to the distance of the eye to the object seen

when the eye is used to see from close range, the eye

is forced to do the process of accommodation and

convergence. Accommodation is the process when

the eye changes or adjusts the focus to see things

from a certain distance so that the object being seen

can be focused, a set of convergence is a movement

that is done in order to avoid the occurrence of

double vision. so that the further the visibility of the

meta-object the possibility of eye irritation due to

accommodation and excessive conference will be

smaller. Another effort related to the monitor itself is

to flatten the monitor screen in such a way

(Wardhana, 1997).

When using a computer, the eye is forced to

focus on the computer. A computer user must

constantly focus his eyes to keep the image sharp

(Roestijawati, 2007). There were 18 respondents in

the clinical laboratory of PT.X whose visibility was

too close then complained about complaints of

eyestrain, while the computer's arrangement was set

so that it was far from the eyes with a monitor. This

is due to the lack of lighting so the eyes must

approach the monitor to get information on the

monitor screen so that the close distance causes

complaints of eye fatigue. Computer worker workers

should pay more attention to eye distance when

using a computer to not get too close, at least 50 cm.

Then it is necessary to do promotions related to the

visibility of the computer's eyes through stickers,

posters and others.

From table 11. above shows that the workers

with tenure at risk were the highest proportion,

namely in workers who complained of eye fatigue,

24 respondents (80%) and those with tenure who

were not at risk the highest proportion, among

workers who complained of eye fatigue as many as

18 respondents (78.3%). In the results of the

crosstabulation, there is one cell with an expected

count value <5 so that the p-value is read with

Fisher's Exact and obtained a value of P = 1,000

(Pvalue> 0.05), which means that statistically shows

there is no relationship between work period and eye

fatigue in office workers at PT.X Clinical

Laboratory in 2019. Obtained PR results (95% CI)

1.02 So that workers who have no risk of the

working period (<3 years) will experience 1.02

times the risk of experiencing eye fatigue compared

to workers with the duration of use of the monitor at

risk (> 3 years).

The working period is a period of time or the

length of time that the workforce works in one place

(Tarwaka, 2010). The length of work is one of the

tools that can influence one's ability, by looking at

the length of his work we can find out how long

someone has worked and we can assess the extent of

his experience (Bachori, 2006). Siagian (2008) states

that the work period shows how long a person works

in each job or position. Kreitner and Kinicki (2004)

state that long work periods will tend to make an

employee feel more comfortable in an organization,

this is due to the fact that they have adapted to the

Factors Associated with Complaints Eye Fatigue in Ofﬁce Workers at PT. X Jakarta Pusat Clinical Laboratory in 2019

367

environment long enough so that a worker will feel

comfortable with his work. Other causes are also due

to the policies of agencies or companies regarding

life insurance in old age.

In the PT.X Clinical Laboratory company in the

results of the chi-square test found no relationship of

work period with complaints of eye fatigue compl-

aints, but in the proportion found 24 respondents who

experienced complaints of eye fatigue in the working

period category of more than 3 years, so this situation

needs to be considered. The existence of workers with

a work period of more than 3 years who did not

complain about eye fatigue complaints occurred

because of the long use of the respondents there were

less than 4 hours so minimized to complain of eye

fatigue. Then this relates to the age of the worker

where the highest proportion is found at a young age

or not at risk so that at a young age the work period is

still classified as not at risk of being affected by eye

fatigue so this causes no meaningful relationship at

work with eye fatigue.

4 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Conclusions

1. The highest proportion of workers who

experience eyestrain is workers who do not

experience eyestrain complaints

2. The highest proportion of lighting levels in the

worker's monitor area is found in respondents

with lighting levels at risk.

3. The highest proportion of the duration of

monitor use is found in respondents with the

duration of monitor use at risk.

4. The highest proportion of age found in

respondents with age who are not at risk.

5. The highest proportion of visibility is found in

respondents with visibility that is not at risk.

6. The highest proportion of work period is for

respondents with a risky work period.

7. There is a relationship between monitor

lighting levels and eye fatigue in Office

workers at PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

8. There is a significant relationship between the

duration of monitor use with eye fatigue in

Office workers at the PT.X Clinical

Laboratory in 2019.

9. There is no significant relationship between

age and eye fatigue of Office workers at PT.X

Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

10. There is a relationship between monitor

visibility and eye fatigue in Office workers at

the PT.X Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

11. There is no relationship between work period

with eye fatigue in Office workers at PT.X

Clinical Laboratory in 2019.

4.2 Recommendations

1. Suggestions for companies to provide

information related to eye fatigue.

2. Suggestions for companies to be able to check

lighting intensity routinely in the work area of

workers' monitors.

3. Suggestions for workers should turn away

from the computer at least every 20 minutes

and close a distant object (at least 20 feet or 6

meters) for 20 seconds.

4. Suggestions for workers to maintain visibility

on the monitor screen that is at least 50 cm

from the monitor.

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