Factors Related to the Occurrence of Disease ISPA Infant Age 1-4

Years in the Work Area Health Center Village Pluit Year 2019

Dimas Adriansyah

and Decy Situngkir

Students Prodi Public Health, University of Esa Unggul, Jalan Arjuna Utara No. 9, Duri Kepa, Kebon Jeruk,

West Jakarta, Jakarta Raya, 11510, Indonesia

Prodi Lecturer of Public Health, University of Esa Unggul, Jalan Arjuna Utara No. 9, Duri Kepa, Kebon Jeruk,

West Jakarta, Jakarta Raya, 11510, Indonesia

Keywords: Immunization Status, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Nutritional Status, Knowledge Capital, Smoking Habit,

Illness ARI (Acute Respiratory Infections).

Abstract: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a respiratory disease that is usually the top or bottom can be

transmitted, which can cause a various spectrum of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic disease or mild

infection to severe illness and can be fatal. This study aims to analyze the factors - factors related to the

occurrence of ARI Disease in Infants Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas year 2019. This

study used quantitative research with a cross-sectional design with a sample of 103 people and sampling

techniques by means of Accidental sampling. The method of collecting the questionnaires, interviews, and

observation. Research results from Chi-Square test showed an association between immunization status (ρ =

0.000), mother knowledge (ρ = 0.000), smoking (ρ = 0, 016) and the incidence of ARI. not related to

exclusive breastfeeding (ρ = 1,000), nutritional status (ρ = 0.608) and the incidence of ARI.

1 PRELIMINARY

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a respiratory

disease that is usually the top or bottom can be

transmitted, which can cause a variety of illnesses

ranging spectrum of disease without symptoms or a

mild infection to severe illness and can be fatal

(Masriadi, 2017).ISPA is one of the main causes of

consultation or hospitalization in health care

facilities, especially in pediatric (WHO, 2007),

The incidence of ARI in children under five

years is estimated to reach as much as 151 million

and five million episodes per year in developing

countries and industrialized countries. The highest

incidence occurs in India (43 million), China (21

million), Pakistan (10 million), Bangladesh,

Indonesia, and Nigeria (each 6 million). While

pneumonia is responsible for 21% of all deaths in

children aged less than five years (WHO, 2009),

The prevalence of ARI in Indonesia according to

the Health Research Association in 2013 based on

the media/means of transmission over the air with a

percentage of 25.0%. Five provinces with the

highest respiratory diseases are East Nusa Tenggara

(41.7%), Papua (31.1%), Aceh (30.0%), West Nusa

Tenggara (28.3%) and East Java (28.3 %).

Period prevalence ISPA Jakarta according to

Riskesdas 2007 and 2013 is seen rising from 22.6%

to 25.2%. While prevalence data in the area of North

Jakarta has a 24.3% prevalence of acute respiratory

infection (Riskesdas, 2013).

Pluit Urban Village is the home state of the

dense area and the state of residence in Muara

Angke is a risk factor for society, especially in

infants exposed to respiratory disease due to

environmental bad conditions. Based on the data

ARI in infants aged 1-4 years were obtained from

urban health centers for handball in March 2018

until March 2019 as many as 1319 cases with a

prevalence of 69.02%. Then in January 2019, there

were 94 cases with a prevalence of 4.91%, in

February 2019 a total of 140 cases with a prevalence

of 7.32%, and in March 2019 as many as 123 cases

with a prevalence of 6.43%.

Adriansyah, D. and Situngkir, D.

Factors Related to the Occurrence of Disease ISPA Infant Age 1-4 Years in the Work Area Health Center Village Pluit Year 2019.

DOI: 10.5220/0009582501890196

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health (ICOH 2019), pages 189-196

ISBN: 978-989-758-454-1

189

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research conducted Cross-Sectional. This research

is conducted in Puskesmas Kelurahan Pluit, North

Jakarta in April-June 2019. The population in this

study were all patients aged 1-4 years old baby who

was treated at Poly IMCI (Integrated Management of

Childhood pain) Urban Village Puskesmas

Pluit.Pengambilan samples in this study using

accidental sampling.

3 RESEARCH RESULT

3.1 Univariate Analysis

Table 1: Distribution Genesis ISPA disease, immunization

status, exclusive breastfeeding, Nutritional Status,

Knowledge Capital, Smoking Habit.

Type Analysis Number

(N)

Percentage

(%)

Disease incidence

ISPA

103

100.0

ISPA 65

63.1

not ISPA 38

36.9

Immunization

Status

103

100.0

Incomplete 67

65.0

Complete 36

35.0

Exclusive

reastfeeding

103

100.0

not given 57

55.3

be given 46

44.7

Nutritional status 103

100.0

Malnutrition 26

25.2

Good Nutrition 77

74.8

knowledge Capital 103

100.0

Bad 61

59.2

Well 42

40.8

Smoking habit 103

100.0

There is 82

79.6

There is no 21

20.4

3.1.1 Disease Incidence Picture ISPA in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

Based on the results of Genesis Diseases Acute

Respiratory Infections (ARI) are divided into two

categories, namely ISPA, if it has been diagnosed by

a physician and written in the data reports the clinic,

and not ISPA, if not diagnosed by the above table

doctor. Based on the note that of the 103

respondents, a total of 65 (63.1%) infants aged 1-4

years who had been diagnosed with an acute

respiratory infection, while babies aged 1-4 years

who were diagnosed Not ISPA were 38 (36.9%).

3.1.2 Overview of Immunization Status in

Puskesmas Kelurahan Pluit 2019

Based on the results of immunization status variables

are divided into two categories: Incomplete, when the

baby does not get the immunization at one

immunization and Complete, if the baby is getting a

second immunization. Berdasarkan above table notes

that of the 103 respondents, 67 (65.0%) infants aged

1-4 years who do not complete their immunization

status coverage while infants aged 1-4 years full

coverage of immunization status were 38 (36.9%).

3.1.3 Exclusive Breastfeeding Picture in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

Based on the results of the study variables Exclusive

breastfeeding is divided into two categories: Not

given exclusive breastfeeding from 0-6 months and

given other foods including white water, and given

exclusive breastfeeding from 0-6 months and not

given other foods including white water. Based on the

above table it is known that out of 103 respondents,

57 (55.3%) infants aged 1-4 years were not given

exclusive breastfeeding while the baby aged 1-4 years

Awarded Exclusive breastfeeding by 46 (44.7%).

3.1.4 Overview of Nutritional Status in Pluit

Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

Based on the results of Nutritional Status variables

are divided into two categories: Nutritional Status

Less when Zscore -3 SD up to <-2 SD, and the

Nutritional Status Both when Zscore -2 SD up to 2

SD. Based on the table in mind that out of 103

respondents, 77 (74.8%) show the results of the

proportion of children aged 1-4 years who suffered

Good Nutrition while children aged 1-4 years who

are Nutrition Both were 26 (25.2%).

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Table 2: the relationship between immunization status, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Nutritional Status, Knowledge Capital,

Genesis Smoking Habit against ISPA disease at the health center Pluit Village of the Year 2019.

NO variables Category

Disease incidence ISPA

P Value

PR (95% CI)

ISPA not ISPA

Immunization

Status

Incomplete

(

77.6%

)

(

22.4%

)

0,000

2.149 (1.366 to

3.381)

Complete

(

36.1%

)

(

63.9%

)

Exclusive

breastfeeding

not Provided

(63.2%)

(36.8%)

1,000

1.002 (0.744 to

1.348)

be given

(

63.0%

)

(

37.0

)

3 Nutritional status

Malnutrition

(

69.2%

)

(

30.8%

)

0.608

1.134 (0.830 to

1.550)

Good

Nutrition

(61.0%)

(39.0%)

knowledge

Capital

Bad

(83.6%)

(16.4%)

0,000

2.508 (1.612 to

3.902)

Well

(

33.3%

)

(

66.7

)

5 Smoking habit

There is

(69.5%)

(30.5%)

0,016

1.825 (1.038 to

3.206)

There is no

(38.1%)

(61.9%)

3.1.5 Overview of Knowledge Capital in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

Based on the results of the research knowledge

variable, determined based on the analysis results of

tests of normality as the cut-off point of mean or

median on each categorization variable. The

normality test is done Kolmogorov- Smirnov test.

From the test results for the variable distribution is

not normally known knowledge which the value of ρ

is equal to 0,000 so that the value of ρ < α (0.05)

then cut off point using the median value is 4.When

these variables are divided into two categories,

namely Mrs. recent knowledge if ≤ median (4), and

the Knowledge Capital Good if> median (4). Based

on the above table it is known that of the 103

respondents, 61 (59.2%) of mothers of infants aged

1-4 years have a poor knowledge while mothers of

infants aged 1-4 years have a good knowledge of as

many as 42 (40.8%).

3.1.6 Smoking Habit Picture in the House in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

Based on the results of the study variables, smoking

habits are divided into two categories: There and No

smoking in the house. Based on the above table it is

known that out of 103 respondents, 82 (79.6%)

showed the presence of one of the families who have

the habit of smoking in the house while no one of

the family who has the habit of smoking in the home

was 21 (20.4%).

3.2 Bivariate Analysis

3.2.1 Immunization Status Genesis

Relationship with ARI Disease in

Infants Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban

Village Puskesmas

Based on the above table shows that the highest

proportion in infants aged 1-4 years who do not

complete their immunization status more diagnosed

ISPA is equal to 52 (77.6%), while the highest

proportion in infants aged 1-4 years who have a

more complete immunization status ISPA

undiagnosed in the amount of 23 (63.9%).

The above table is also known that the test based

on the chi-square statistic, the value of p = 0,000

with a value α= 0.05. Based on these results, it can

be seen when the value of P <0.05. So, the

conclusion is that there is a significant association

between immunization status with ISPA. While

disease incidence on the analysis of prevalence ratio

(PR) immunization status variable is equal to 2.149

(1.366 to 3.381) with 95% confidence level, which

means the baby has immunization status incomplete

with the incidence of respiratory disease are more at

risk 2,149 times compared with the complete

immunization status.

Factors Related to the Occurrence of Disease ISPA Infant Age 1-4 Years in the Work Area Health Center Village Pluit Year 2019

191

3.2.2 Exclusive Breastfeeding Relationship

with Genesis ISPA Disease in Infants

Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban Village

Puskesmas

Based on the above table shows that the highest

proportion in infants aged 1-4 years who have good

nutritional status more diagnosed ISPA is equal to

47 (61.0%). While the highest proportion in infants

aged 1-4 years who have poor nutritional status

more ISPA diagnosed at 18 (69.2%).

The above table is also known that the test based

on the chi-square statistic, the value of p = 0.608

with valueα= 0.05. Based on these results, it can be

seen when the value of P> 0.05. So, the conclusion

is that there is no significant relationship between

nutritional status and the incidence of respiratory

disease. While the analysis of prevalence ratio (PR)

Exclusive breastfeeding is the variable of 1.134

(0.830 to 1.550) with a 95% confidence level, which

means the baby has a risk of malnutrition or have

lower chances ie, 1.1 to experience ARI compared

with babies that good nutrition.

3.2.3 Mother's Relationship with Genesis

Knowledge ISPA Disease in Infants

Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban Village

Puskesmas

Based on the above table shows that the highest

proportion in the Knowledge bad mother more

diagnosed with the respiratory disease in infants

aged 1-4 years in the amount of 51 (83.6%). While

the highest proportion in the knowledge of a good

mother more undiagnosed occurrence of respiratory

disease in infants aged 1-4 years in the amount of 28

(66.7%).

The above table is also known that the test based

on the chi-square statistic, the value of p = 0,000

with a value α= 0.05. Based on these results, it can

be seen when the value of P <0.05. So, the

conclusion is that there is a significant association

between maternal knowledge with the incidence of

respiratory disease. While the analysis of prevalence

ratio (PR) variable maternal knowledge is equal to

2.508 (1.612 to 3.902) with a confidence level of

95%, which means the baby's mother who has

knowledge of the bad with the incidence of

respiratory disease are more at risk 2,508 times

compared to the knowledge of a good mother.

3.2.4 Smoking Habit Relationships at Home

with Baby Genesis ISPA Disease at the

Age of 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban Village

Puskesmas

Based on the above table shows that the highest

proportion in the habit of smoking in the house more

diagnosed with the respiratory disease in infants

aged 1-4 years in the amount of 57 (69.5%). While

the highest proportion in the absence of the habit of

smoking in the house more undiagnosed occurrence

of respiratory disease in infants aged 1-4 years in the

amount of 13 (61.9%).

The above table is also known that the test based

on the chi-square statistic, the value of p = 0.016

with value α= 0.05. Based on these results, it can be

seen when the value of P <0.05. So, the conclusion

is that there is a significant association between

smoking and the incidence of respiratory disease.

While the analysis of prevalence ratio (PR) status

variables immunization amounted to 1.825 (1.038 to

3.206) with a confidence level of 95%, which means

the baby has one family make a habit of smoking in

the house with the incidence of respiratory disease

are more at risk 1,825 times compared with that one

family does not make a habit of smoking in the

house.

4 DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH

4.1 Univariate Analysis

4.1.1 Disease Incidence Picture ISPA in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

According to the research conducted on 103

respondents who visited the Poli IMCI Pluit Village

Health Center, showed the proportion of infants

aged 1-4 years who had been diagnosed with acute

respiratory infection disease as much as 65 infants

(63.1%). The results are consistent with the results

of research conducted by Rahman and Fahira,

(2015) in Puskesmas Managaisaki, from 60

respondents who obtained the highest proportion of

those with the disease ISPA total of 33 infants

(55%).

Based on the results of research on the incidence

of respiratory disease in the working area of

Puskesmas village whistle, mostly incidence

respiratory disease in infants aged 1-4 years because

the number of family members who often smoke in

the house, plus a family knowledge is still lacking

on the causes, modes of transmission and means of

ICOH 2019 - 1st International Conference on Health

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prevention ISPA, but it is also due to women who do

not provide measles and DPT immunization to the

baby. The clinic also does not have a special

program ISPA, so the lack of effort made to

minimize the incidence of ARI health centers in

urban regions whistle so that the incidence of

respiratory diseases decreased.

It is expected that the clinic has a special

eradication program ISPA like coaching families on

education about the dangers of ISPA and modes of

transmission. Where the coaching is done by

collecting family (parents who have had a baby)

every 1 month or by the clinic directly down to the

houses directly.

4.1.2 Overview of Immunization Status in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

According to the research conducted on 103

respondents who visited the Poli IMCI Pluit Village

Health Center, showed the proportion of infants

aged 1-4 years who do not complete their

immunization coverage were 67 infants (65.0%).

The results of this study are also consistent with

research conducted by Husin, (2014) Puskesmas

Wirobrajan, from 30 respondents who obtained the

highest proportion of incomplete immunization

status were 17 (56.7%).

Based on the results of research on the status of

immunization in the region of the village health

centers whistle, toddler incomplete measles and DPT

immunization due to a toddler who was ill at the

time would be given immunization and in addition,

it also worked mothers. Puskesmas Pluit urban

village has activities immunize children who have

not received required immunizations infants and is

usually done on Monday - Wednesday. The clinic

has been suggested to mothers of infants aged 1-4

years whose babies do not yet have a complete

immunization must complete the immunization.

Dikarena when not completing the immunization

weak immune baby so the baby susceptible to

disease and immune can not protect themselves from

bacteria/viruses.

4.1.3 Exclusive Breastfeeding Picture in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

According to the research conducted on 103

respondents who visited the Poli IMCI Pluit Village

Health Center, showed the proportion of infants

aged 1-4 years were not given exclusive

breastfeeding as many as 57 infants (55.3%). The

results are consistent with the results of research

conducted by Rahman and Fahira, (2015) in

Puskesmas Managaisaki, from 60 respondents

obtained the highest proportion of exclusive

breastfeeding is not given as many as 41 infants

(68.3%).

Based on the interview, the history of exclusive

breastfeeding in Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas

obtained information from the baby's mother or

respondents are still many infants ages 1-4 years

before the age of 6 months has given food or drink.

In addition, it also caused not given exclusive

breastfeeding because the baby's mother and child

work are guarded by his grandmother.

Based on the research the clinic has been

providing education about pumping the baby's

mother. However, mothers prefer to give formula

because the time is more efficient and easier it’s

supply formula at home and can be provided by the

family was at home.

Expected to health centers and cadres always

monitor the mothers in labor as well as women who

are pregnant, in order to educate about pumping has

been done goes well and the number of exclusive

breastfeeding increased.

4.1.4 Overview of Nutritional Status in Pluit

Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

According to the research conducted on 103

respondents who visited the Poli IMCI Pluit Village

Health Center, showed the proportion of infants

aged 1-4 years who have good nutrition as much as

77 infants (74.8%). The results are consistent with

the results of research conducted by Sinaga et al.,

(2014) The Regional Health Center Soposurung

Balige Toba Samosir District of the Year 2014, from

61 respondents obtained the highest proportion in

nutritional status based on BB / U is good nutrition /

normal by 56 (91.8%).

Nutritional status is required by the baby because

the nutrition enough, the baby's body defenses are

also getting stronger. Poor nutritional status can

facilitate the baby is exposed to infection. Acute

Respiratory Infections can easily occur in infants

who are malnourished and undernourished,

malnourished infants will often experience severe

ARI (Department of Health, 2004).

Based on the interview that the baby is in Pluit

Urban Village Puskesmas region has the highest

proportion of the infant well-nourished, respondents

who were in Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas have

enough so that the economy can be supportive in

providing good nutrition to their babies.

Factors Related to the Occurrence of Disease ISPA Infant Age 1-4 Years in the Work Area Health Center Village Pluit Year 2019

193

4.1.5 Overview of Knowledge Capital in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

According to the research conducted on 103

respondents who visited the Poli IMCI Pluit Village

Health Center, found the proportion of mother-infant

age 1-4 years who have poor knowledge of as many

as 61 (59.2%). The results are consistent with the

results of research conducted bySyahidi et al.,

(2016) The health center Tebet Barat Village, Tebet,

South Jakarta from 104 respondents obtained the

highest proportion of Knowledge Respondents Low/

sorted by 56 (53.8%).

Based on the answers of research, the knowledge

variable questionnaire contained 7 questions

including 7 of these questions there are three

questions that the proportion hurts the most, namely

on the question number 6, question number 5, and

question number 2.

Maternal knowledge lower on respiratory disease

if the mother is not able to analyze the incidence of

acute respiratory infection in young children, and do

not know the symptoms, first aid measures and

treatment in infants suffering from respiratory

infections, as well as the lack of keeping the

environment clean shelter and nutrition their

toddlers resulting in a high incidence of acute

respiratory infection in infants aged 14 years.

4.1.6 Smoking Habit Picture in the House in

Pluit Urban Village Puskesmas 2019

According to the research conducted on 103

respondents who visited the Poli IMCI Pluit Village

Health Center, showed the proportion of the one of

the families who have the habit of smoking in the

house as much as 82 (79.6) The results of this study

in line with the results of research conducted by

Mpangulu et al., (2016) In Puskesmas Minanga

Manado from 91 respondents obtained the highest

proportion Having family members who smoke at

home were 72 (79.1%).

Based on the results of the questionnaire or not

the family who smoke in the home, obtained the

results of their smoking in the home is higher than

the no smoking inside the home. It is due to a lack of

awareness about the health of cigarette smoke in the

house that has the effect very badly on children who

live in the house.

4.2 Bivariate Analysis

4.2.1 Immunization Status Genesis

Relationship with ARI Disease in

Infants Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban

Village Puskesmas 2019

Statistical test results showed a significant

relationship between immunization status with a

disease incidence of ARI. PR (Prevalence Ratio)

immunization status on the incidence of ISPA

disease by 2.14, which means babies who have

incomplete immunization status 2,14 more at risk of

disease incidence of ARI compared with infants who

had complete immunization status. This is in line

with research conducted byDesiyana et al., (2017)

stating that there is a significant relationship

between the completeness of immunization with

ARI in infants in Puskesmas Sawit Seberang

Langkat.

Facts on the ground found many babies who do

not perform incomplete immunization. This is

because the clinic is only advised to remain in full

immunization, but there is no attempt to provide

guidance related to the time of immunization,

especially in the mothers whose babies have not to

immunize.

4.2.2 Exclusive Breastfeeding Relationship

with Genesis ISPA Disease in Infants

Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban Village

Puskesmas 2019

Statistical test results showed no significant

correlation between the incidence of exclusive

breastfeeding with ISPA disease. PR (Prevalence

Ratio) Exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of

ISPA disease at 1,002, which means babies who are

not breastfed Exclusive 1.02 more at risk of disease

incidence of ARI compared with infants fed breast

milk exclusively. This is not in line with research

conducted by Agustin et al., (2016) in infants in the

working area of Puskesmas DTP UPTD Maja

Majalengkan District 2016 which states that there is

a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and

experiencing ARI (non-pneumonia cough).

In conclusion the variable incidence of exclusive

breastfeeding with respiratory disease otherwise

unrelated, but after seeing the results of the above

stratification in this case there may be other factors

that smoking makes contact.

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194

4.2.3 Nutritional Status Genesis

Relationship with ARI Disease in

Infants Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban

Village Puskesmas 2019

Statistical test results showed no significant

relationship between nutritional status and disease

incidence of ARI. PR (Prevalence Ratio) of

nutritional status on the incidence of ISPA disease at

1,134, which means babies who enter into the

category of malnutrition 1.13 more at risk of disease

incidence of ARI compared with infants in the

category of good nutrition. This is in line with

research conducted byRudianto, (2013) stating there

was no significant association between nutritional

status and the incidence of ARI in infants in the

village of Castle in 2013.

The conclusion on the nutritional status variables

with the incidence of respiratory diseases otherwise

unrelated, but after seeing the results of the above

stratification, in this case, there may be other factors

that cause the smoking habits of babies to have

respiratory disease.

4.2.4 Mother's Relationship with Genesis

Knowledge ISPA Disease in Infants

Age 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban Village

Puskesmas 2019

Statistical test results showed a significant

relationship between mother's knowledge by ISPA

disease incidence. PR (Prevalence Ratio) of mother's

knowledge on ISPA disease incidence of 2.508

which means knowledge 2,5 bad mother more at risk

of disease incidence of ARI compared with the

knowledge of a good mother. This is in line with

research conducted bySulistyoningsih and Redi

(2011), stating that there is a significant relationship

between mother's knowledge with ARI in infants in

the working area of the district health centers

jamanis DTP Tasikmalaya 2010.

4.2.5 Smoking Habit Relationships at Home

with Baby Genesis ISPA Disease at the

Age of 1-4 Years in Pluit Urban Village

Puskesmas 2019

Statistical test results showed no significant

relationship between smoking and disease incidence

of ARI. PR (Prevalence Ratio) smoking on the

incidence of acute respiratory infection disease of

1,825 that the habit of smoking in the home 1.82

more at risk of ISPA disease incidence compared to

no smoking in the house. This is in line with

research conducted byJunita, (2015) stating that

there is a significant relationship between smoking

in the house with ARI in infants in villages Pahandut

Palangkaraya city.

Based on the research that has been done that

there is a relationship between smoking in the house

with ARI. The high percentage of their smoking

habits due to lack of awareness of parents of infants

who were smoking.

5 CONCLUSIONS

From the data processing of research that has been

done can be concluded that:

1. Overview distribution respiratory disease

incidence in infants aged 1-4 years in Pluit

Urban Village Puskesmas 2019 ISPA is

already diagnosed as many as 65 infants

(63.1%) and was not diagnosed ISPA was 38

infants (36.9%).

2. Overview of distribution in infants aged 1-4

years who have incomplete immunization

coverage were 67 infants (65%) and infants

aged 1-4 years who have complete

immunization coverage were 38 (36.9%).

3. Overview of distribution in infants aged 1-4

years was not given exclusive breastfeeding as

much as 57 infants (55.3%) and infants aged

1-4 years were given exclusive breastfeeding

by 46 (44.7%).

4. Overview of distribution in infants aged 1-4

years which includes good nutrition into as

many as 77 infants (74.8%) and infants aged

1-4 years were included in undernourishment

by 26 (25.2%).

5. Overview of distribution in infants aged 1-4

years knowledge of the bad mother as many as

61 infants (59.2%) and infants aged 1-4 years

knowledge of either her mother as much as 42

(40.8%).

6. Overview of the distribution of the one family

who smokes inside the house as much as 82

(79.6%) and the absence of one family who

smoked inside the home were 21 (25.2%).

7. There was a significant association between

immunization status with the incidence of

respiratory disease in infants aged 1-4 years in

the working area of the village health centers

whistle obtained value of P-value of 0.000 and

the PR value of 2.149.

8. There is no significant relationship between

exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of

respiratory disease in infants aged 1-4 years in

Factors Related to the Occurrence of Disease ISPA Infant Age 1-4 Years in the Work Area Health Center Village Pluit Year 2019

195

the working area of the village health centers

whistle obtained value of P-value of 1.000 and

the PR value of 1.002.

9. There is no significant relationship between

nutritional status and the incidence of

respiratory disease in infants aged 1-4 years in

the working area of the village health centers

whistle obtained value of P-value of 0.608 and

the PR value of 1,134.

10. There is a significant relationship between

mother's knowledge with the incidence of

respiratory disease in infants aged 1-4 years in

the working area of the village health centers

whistle obtained value of P-value of 0.000 and

the PR value of 2.508.

11. There was a significant association between

smoking and the incidence of respiratory

disease in infants aged 1-4 years in the

working area of the village health centers

whistle obtained value of P-value of 0.016 and

the PR value of 1.825.

6 SUGGESTION

1. The clinic should always hold and increase

counseling or campaign on the exclusive

breastfeeding, the benefits of breastfeeding,

breastfeeding right way (like pumping) to both

the mothers delivered as well as women who

are pregnant and make a program about the

class pregnant/lactating.

2. The clinic should add time to immunize

infants who have not been immunized

previously. As did the first week and the last

week of each month to conduct immunization.

So, if the baby has not immunized the first

week they could do that immunization in the

last week.

3. For the clinic and cadres always monitor the

mothers in labor as well as women who are

pregnant, in order to educate about pumping

has been done goes well and the number of

exclusive breastfeeding increased.

4. For the urban health centers whistle should do

counseling and approach to the head of the

family to not smoke in the house and near the

infant/child.

5. For families who have a family member did

not accustom smokers to smoke inside the

house by way of reprimand for not smoking in

the house and raise awareness about the danger

of smoking in the home.

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