Building Integrity & Collaboration in the Balkot-Farm Pilot Project

through IoT (Internet-of-Things)

Totok Amin Soefijanto

, Atika Nur Rahmania

, and R. Fauzy

Universitas Paramadina

Communications & Informatics Agency, Jakarta City Government, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Urban farming, internet-of-things, IoT, human factor, integrity, production system, collaboration,

monitoring, cultural setting, work-value, psycho-cultural.

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) becomes the household phrase recently. On the other hand, urban farming

activities attract public attention in spite of food supply sustainability. Hence, combining both into a project

should be remarkable. “Balkot-Farm” is a Jakarta City Government’s initiative to apply IoT in urban

farming that exploits vacant lands and spaces within the city hall area. It started in August 2019 after

several meetings that involve four city government offices, such as Communication & Information (CI),

Maritime, Fishery & Food Security (FS), Health (HO), and General Bureau (GB). The Governor of Jakarta

supervises the “Balkot-Farm” through TGUPP or the Governor’s Delivery Unit. Using IoT, the five Jakarta

government offices have developed collaboration capacity. CI sets up the technology, FS supplies the

plants, fertilizers, and related farming needs, HO provides family-medicinal plants. Meanwhile, the GB

assembles the land, water, and electricity. Furthermore, the IoT contributes to project integrity and

governance. Through the website (http://balkotfarm.jakarta.go.id), all parties can manage farming and

monitor data remotely. The McKinsey Model stated that IoT must pay attention to three important aspects:

(1) asset coordination & collaboration; (2) production system; & (3) human factors. This study employs a

descriptive qualitative procedure to gain lessons from the Balkot-Farm pilot project. The findings show that

IOT played a significant role at the beginning due to its novelty effects. In addition, the government offices

were able to build trust among them because the IoT offered a real-time monitoring system. “Balkot-Farm”

can run properly because IOT helps to solve daily problems in farming management. Eventually, each

government office can deliver routine reports with credibility and integrity.

1 INTRODUCTION

Green open space is very important for an urban

area. Major cities of the world must have extensive

parks, like New York with Central Park or San

Francisco with Golden Gate Park. Jakarta has a

National Monument park, which is enough to make

this metropolitan city center green. Unfortunately,

this kind of land, which is often called green open

space, is in a very limited amount. According to

World Vision, the amount of green open space (RTH

- Ruang Terbuka Hijau) is decreasing every year. In

1965, Jakarta still had RTH up to 35 percent, but in

2011 the number had decreased to 10 percent.

Therefore, all initiatives that make Jakarta greener

will be highly valued by its residents.

At present, Jakarta has 10 percent RTH of

Jakarta's area around 661.5 square kilometers.

Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan has plotted

additional RTH of around 6 percent in the Regional

Regulation on Spatial Planning Details. As for this

year, Jakarta city government plans to build 53 green

open spaces (RTH) in the form of Progress Together

Parks (Taman Maju Bersama). Besides being used

for public activities, this park complements the flood

control program. "So, the rainwater is not

immediately discharged into the city channel," said

Jakarta Forestry Department's Forestry Planning

Section Head, Hendrianto (Tempo, 2019).

In addition to Taman Maju Bersama, the Jakarta

City Government seeks to develop urban farming in

the capital city through the Urban Farming 4.0

program with a flagship program called the “Balkot-

Farm." The farm is a pilot project in the City Hall

complex, located on Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan,

Central Jakarta. This program involves four offices

Soeﬁjanto, T., Rahmania, A. and Fauzy, R.

Building Integrity Collaboration in the Balkot-Farm Pilot Project through IoT (Internet-of-Things).

DOI: 10.5220/0009441702870294

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Anti-Corruption and Integrity (ICOACI 2019), pages 287-294

ISBN: 978-989-758-461-9

287

(Regional Government Work Units) and one local

bank, such as (1) Communication and Informatics

Department; (2) Food Security, Maritime and

Agriculture Farming and Fishery Department, (3)

Department of Health (Dinkes), (4) City Hall

General Affair Bureau, and (5) Bank DKI. This

initiative is regularly monitored by the Governor's

Delivery Unit Team for the Acceleration of

Development (TGUPP).

Implementing the concept of urban farming and

using lOT (Internet of Things), “Balkot-Farm” was

formed to assist Jakarta Governor's program

regarding the 2018-2030 Urban Agricultural Design

and Jakarta Governor's Instruction No 14 of 2018 on

Urban Agriculture Implementation. The “Balkot-

Farm” program began with a dream of exploiting

vacant land in the City Hall of DKI Jakarta Province

since 2018. This dream came true with the

disposition of the Head of the Department of

Communication and Information on 8 January 2019

on the Implementation of Urban Agriculture and the

Agriculture Website. It was supported by Dinas

KPKP (Food Security Office).

Figure 1: The atmosphere of urban farming in the Block E

DKI Jakarta City Hall complex (Source: Balkot-Farm).

On 22 February, 2019, the Urban Farming 4.0

program proposed by the Head of the Jakarta

Provincial Communication and Information Agency

was selected as one of the participants in the Jakarta

Provincial Government's Innovation Exhibition at

the BPSDM (Human Resources Development Body)

event located in Balai Agung, City Hall. The Urban

Farming 4.0 program, which became known as

“Balkot-Farm," received support from the Jakarta

Governor, Anies Baswedan, to be implemented

immediately. The location is also immediately

determined: a lot in Block E.

At the meeting on 14 March, 2019, the design of

the “Balkot-Farm” was approved. Every

government agency in the program has a dedicated

major task (Table 1).

Table 1: This caption has more than one line, so it has to

be set to justify.

Agency Major task(s)

Communication and

Informatics Department

(Diskominfotik)

Building (APP farming),

utilization of IoT (Internet

of Things), and Gathered

Group Discussion (FGD)

Food Security, Maritime,

and Agriculture Farming

and Fishery Department

(Dinas KPKP)

Prepared a set of Urban

Farming agriculture,

plants, fertilizers,

agricultural murals, and

management (through the

Central Jakarta and South

Jakarta KPKP Sub-

departments)

City Hall General Affair

Bureau (Biro Umum)

Provides land, water, and

electricity

Department of Health

(Dinas Kesehatan)

Provides family medicinal

plants

Bank DKI Supporting funding for the

urban farmers’ activities

and future e-commerce

platform (market place)

There is also another party involved: the

Governor's Delivery Unit Team for the Acceleration

of Development (TGUPP). This team monitors the

progress of the program as a pilot project for the

implementation of the Governor's Instruction on the

Implementation of Urban Agriculture. On 3 April

2019, the construction of “Balkot-Farm” was started,

with necessary features from both the Hydroponic,

Mural, and IOT farming systems and other

infrastructures. The governor has formally opened

and inaugurated the farm on 2 August 2019.

Recently, the 68 square-meter farm holds around

400 types of plants, including 23 vegetables and 40

family medicinal plants. Figure 2 shows the first

page of the plants' list. In this case, the family

medicinal plants or Tanaman Obat Keluarga (Toga).

The lists of both Toga and vegetables are available

on the Balkot Farm website.

The Toga list is available on https://balkotfarm.

jakarta.go.id/id/list/tanaman-toga/n-0-529-1

The vegetable list is available on https://

balkotfarm.jakarta.go.id/id/list/sayuran/n-0-29-1.

Balkot Farm's plant's collection includes spinach,

water crest, green bean, galanga (kencur), vinca

(tapak dara), gardenia augusta (kaca piring), and the

list goes on and on.

ICOACI 2019 - International Conference on Anti-Corruption and Integrity

288

Figure 2. The list of family medicinal plants on the Balkot

Farm website (source: Balkot Farm).

The research question is, how does the

application of the Internet of Things in “Balkot-

Farm” have a positive impact on efforts to improve

collaboration and to instill integrity practices in

urban farming? This research uses a descriptive

qualitative methodology with informants from urban

farmers and government officials involved in the

“Balkot-Farm” program. This research also captures

the satisfaction of stakeholders who feel the benefits

of information technology that facilitates the

farming process and simultaneously creates a

working system that is more accountable and with

integrity.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

By combining physical and digital realms, the

Internet of Things (IoT) broadens the reach of

information technology. IoT is defined as "sensors

and actuators connected by networks to computing

systems. These systems can monitor or manage the

health and actions of connected objects and

machines. Connected sensors can also monitor the

natural world, people, and animals” (Manyika, Chui,

Bisson, Woetzel, Dobbs, Bughin, & Aharon, 2015:

p.1). According to the Manyika, et al. (2015) study,

many possibilities arise from the ability to monitor

and control things in the physical world

electronically. This has inspired a surge in

innovation and enthusiasm in the community. Major

changes that IoT can cause include how companies

manage physical assets, how consumers pay

attention to their health and fitness, and how a city

operates. McKinsey, that has observed the

implementation of the Internet of Things for years,

found how difficult it was to get the greatest benefits

from the implementation of IoT, which requires a

very complex production system and coordination

technology. The people behind IoT must also change

because their application in the field requires

different competencies from previous periods.

IoT in the agricultural sector is indeed very

timely. The new era development makes the

agricultural sector seem outdated, but with the

application of IoT in this sector, many young people

are interested in the agricultural sector, especially in

urban areas. According to Rikolto International

(2019), young people do not want to enter the

agricultural sector in Indonesia for the following

reasons:

1. Young people see agriculture as a less

prestigious profession with high risk, lack of

security, and intense dirty work.

2. Because most farmers are poor, young people

think agriculture is not a profitable job

compared to the industrial sector.

3. Young people do not have the support to

become farmers from parents. Most parents do

not want their children to become farmers, and

they encourage their children to become

professional "white collar" workers.

4. Young people do not have the capacity/skills

to farm, both in cultivation and in agribusiness

management. There is a lack of curriculum

about production, processing, and business in

agriculture in schools.

5. Young people have limited access and control

over productive resources (land, capital) and

markets.

6. There are very few groups of young farmers

organized for solidarity and exchanging

information and ideas.

7. Industrialization influenced young people's

work preferences. Young and educated

workers choose to leave their villages and

migrate to find better jobs in the city.

Balkot Farm intensively invites young people in

Jakarta to do agricultural activities in their

neighborhood. The myth that farming requires large

tracts of land can no longer be used because farming

in the information age can be done in a narrow area.

Urban agriculture can also supply residents with

nutritional needs, such as fresh vegetables. One

recent survey found that 51 countries did not have

enough urban areas to meet the recommended

nutritional target of 300 grams per person per day of

fresh vegetables (Altieri, 2019). In addition, it is

estimated, urban agriculture will require 30 percent

of the total urban areas of these countries to meet

global demand for vegetables. The issue of land

tenure and urban expansion can make it difficult to

free up this much land for food production.

Building Integrity Collaboration in the Balkot-Farm Pilot Project through IoT (Internet-of-Things)

289

According to Aziz (2018), urban work activities

that take a considerable amount of time can result in

plants that have been planted cannot be properly

taken care of, resulting in the death of these plants.

There are three alternatives for managing urban

farming; first, by building a reminder system for

watering plants. Second, create an automatic soil

watering system based on soil moisture and plant

conditions. Third, create a watering system that can

be controlled using the internet with web-based

media. According to Aziz (2018), the most optimal

choice is an automatic watering system by

considering the condition of the soil, nutrients, and

plants to be a solution in the development of the

Urban Farming system. Figure 2 shows the web-

based automatic watering system scheme.

Figure 2. Urban Farming system development diagram

(Aziz, 2018).

As the term "Internet" indicates, the networking

capability is one of the core features of the IoT

devices. The internet, as we know it today, is mostly

the internet of human end-users. Meanwhile, the IoT

is an internet of non-human entities. Therefore a lot

of machineto-machine (M2M) communication will

occur (Tzounis, Katsoulas, Bartzanas, & Kittas,

2017).

According to Lee & Lee (2015), infrastructure in

logistics for the food and agricultural sector aims to

facilitate the exchange of information and the

transportation of goods, optimizing the production

process and the supply chain networks globally. IoT

is gradually transforming business processes by

providing more accurate and real-time visibility to

the flow of materials and products. Crucial parts of

collaboration become easier to handle because of the

IoT features.

In fact, the urban farming activities in the Balkot

Farm must ready to deal with some obstacles.

Previous studies on the real-world deployments have

shown that the performance of popular transceivers

is affected by temperature (Bannister, Giorgetti, &

Gupta, 2008; Boano, Tsiftes, Voigt, Brown, &

Roedig, 2010), humidity (Thelen, 2004), human

presence and other obstacles within the space in

which a wireless node attempts to communicate.

Therefore, Balkot Farm must employ a reliable data

transfer system, with robust technology,

corresponding to the requirements and challenges of

the urban environment.

In a real IoT scenario, according to Tzounis,

Katsoulas, Bartzanas, & Kittas (2017), many parties

involved will use different equipment, with different

technical specifications and/or sensor characteristics.

Obviously, the interoperability, the filtering, and the

semantic annotation of the data, coming from each

party, have to be made to some extent. This is the

only way in which the data, coming from vastly

heterogeneous sources, can be used to optimize

shared decision support or expert system.

According to Eggers, Datar, Parent, & Gustetic

(2019), government leaders and organizations

should seek to advance the change both vertically

and horizontally to harness the enormous potential

provided by the future of work. Furthermore, Eggers

et al. (2019) describe “Vertically” means proactively

architecting work units or specific jobs

and “horizontally” means encouraging organization-

wide practices for redesigning work, including

encouraging mindset shifts and embracing design

thinking.

Finally, the issue of assets such as land and other

equipment is crucial for urban farming. According

to Indraprahasta (2013), one must solve the land

issue first before proceeding with urban farming

activities. This is especially important for Jakarta, a

megapolitan city, that has limited land availability

due to commercial use. The urban farmers must

compete with developers that have been dominating

the land business in the town for a very long time

since Indonesia's independence in 1945.

3 METHODOLOGY

This research on “Balkot-Farm” uses a descriptive

qualitative approach. Information was obtained from

informants, including the head of the Office of

Communication and Information (Diskominfotik),

the Office of Food Security, Maritime Affairs and

Fisheries (Dinas KPKP), the Health Services Office

(Dinkes), and the General Bureau (Biro Umum). The

role of Diskominfotik is very important in this pilot

project because this office is the focal point or

“coordinator” to building the collaboration.

Two types of data were collected: primary and

secondary. The primary ones acquired through

interviews and focus group discussions. The

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290

secondary data received from documents and formal

letters circulated within the pilot project.

The research was conducted from April to

August 2019 and mostly done in the Jakarta area.

The main location of the study is the Jakarta City

Hall, located in the heart of the metropolitan city.

The lot for the Balkot Farm pilot project is in Block

E that is just next to the health clinics and

Governor's office.

4 DISCUSSION

“Balkot-Farm” pilot project involved 15 people from

the general public (city farmers in central and south

Jakarta: 11 dedicated farmers and 4 “leisure”

farmers for a hobby). One of them is Ms. Latifah,

who will leave for Japan in November 2019 to

attend the Urban Farming Summit 4.0, representing

the city of Jakarta. There are also 5 public officers

from the Food Security, Maritime, and Fishery

Office (Dinas KPKP), 5 officers from

Communications and Information Office

(Diskominfotik), 2 officers from General Bureau

Office (Biro Umum), and 1 officer from Health

Office (Dinas Kesehatan).

According to McDougall, Kristiansen, & Rader

(2019), people flock into urban farming for many

reasons; three of them are fresh food, sustainable

food, and environmental reasons. Indeed, the

majority of gardeners were not highly motivated by

the desire to produce large quantities of

food. Figure 3 shows the other motivations to do

urban farming or urban agriculture. "reduced food

costs" and "cultural reasons" are at the lowest

number. This is similar to finding from Urban

Farming farmers who do the farming because of

fresh and sustainable food, but the cost is almost

free; The government has paid for the farming costs

through the public budget.

Figure 3: Mean motivations for engagement in Urban

Agriculture listed by volunteers in surveys (McDougall et

al., 2019).

The city farmers manage vegetables and

seedlings. They are assisted by the Dinas KPKP

public officers as counselors. The officers of the

Communication and Information Office deploy the

IoT, monitor and develop the application and

management of the whole system of “Balkot-Farm”

project. Health Agency officers manage the family

medicinal plants. Last but not least, the officers

from the General Bureau conduct monitoring and

maintaining the water supply, electricity, and ground

housekeeping.

The majority of city farmers are in their 30s, so

the “Balkot-Farm” project potentially will attract the

youth to do farming as their main occupation. As

Rikolto International (2019) found, the IoT

application could possibly the reason for the youth

to work in urban farming activities. Most of the

young people who were participating in this study

said that the IoT and new technology applications

have raised the job attractiveness because it has

diminished the negative images of farming works,

such as dirty, not profitable, capital-intensive (land

and supplies), boring, much idle time, limited

exchange of ideas, and less technology use.

This study employs the McKinsey concept of

IoT implementation, in particular for urban farming,

which shows three essential aspects, such as asset

coordination and collaboration, production system,

and human factors (Manyika, Chui, Bisson,

Woetzel, Dobbs, Bughin, & Aharon, 2015). These

essential aspects complement the findings in

integrity and collaboration issues in the Balkot

Farm, a Jakarta government urban farming pilot

project. Manyika, et al. (2015) describe IoT as

"sensors and actuators connected by networks to

computing systems. These systems can monitor or

manage the health and actions of connected objects

and machines. Connected sensors can also monitor

the natural world, people, and animals”. The

elaboration of research findings are as the following:

4.1 Asset coordination & Collaboration

Coordination and collaboration in the government

bureaucracy is always an issue. Balkot Farm can be

a new place for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) and

the community in the DKI Jakarta Provincial

Government and guests who come to interact with

each other. The Balkot Farm area is also an

interesting spot to take pictures at City Hall, in

addition to urban farming, which is supported by the

use of information technology.

The study found that several collaboration

problems can be solved, such as the following:

Building Integrity Collaboration in the Balkot-Farm Pilot Project through IoT (Internet-of-Things)

291

i. The Office of Communication & Informatics

(Kominfotik) activates Balkot Farm through

the initiation of the urban farming 4.0

program through IoT,

ii. All offices and bureaus conduct monitoring

and evaluation of artificial intelligence

applications,

iii. All departments involve in public

communication, public information, and they

work rogether as an integrated "bridge of

collaboration" between the government and

the Jakarta community.

4.2 Production System

The production system in Urban Farming looks very

similar to other urban farming projects. “Balkot-

Farm” has several findings, such as:

i. Users can access integrated services through

balkotfarm.jakarta.go.id as public information

material through digital mapping of urban

agriculture as well as a database of types of

plants and vegetables, including maintenance.

ii. Data share users are urban farming activists in

DKI Jakarta

“Balkot-Farm” is a miniature of an integrated

and collaborative urban farming program, between

the government and the community, according to the

Instruction of the Governor of DKI Jakarta Province

Number 14 of 2018 concerning Implementation of

Urban Agriculture. This project also further

implements the Great Design of Urban Agriculture

in 2018-2030.

The plan, Dinas KPKP (Food Security Office),

will launch SiPetaniDKI application. One of the

objectives is to take stock of the urban agricultural

activities that have been carried out and explore the

existing potential. Later, SiPetaniDKI -- the web-

based Internet of Things (lOT) -- will be integrated

with the “Balkot-Farm," so that the State Civil

Apparatus (ASN) and urban farming practitioners

can inform the activities and its potentials in their

respected areas. Henceforth, the Urban Farming 4.0

Digitalization Program becomes widespread, and

reality in DKI Jakarta province.

4.3 Human Factors

It is important to consider humans as the most

important factor in urban farming. The findings from

Balkot Farm is as the following:

i. DKI Jakarta residents who do urban farming

were dedicated farmers; just a handful of them

was doing urban farming for leisure.

ii. Guidance for narrow land use through the

balkotfarm website

iii. Guidance for good planting procedures

iv. Guidance for how to sell the results of urban

farming by urban farmers to improve the

economy of the citizens according to the

vision and mission of the governor: "move

the city forward, prosper the citizens."

4.4 Integrity

Balkot Farm project has encouraged the Jakarta

government conducting activities openly and

collaboratively. This is due to the transparency of

the IoT system. The system enables routine checks

and reports swiftly and almost instantly. The

farmers can work in the field as they wish, and the

IoT system will take care of the routine jobs, such as

injecting water or nutrition as needed.

Consequently, Balkot Farm brings integrity values

into the actors: farmers, government staff, and

participating NGOs. Pusat Edukasi Anti-korupsi

(2019) defined integrity as “to act consistently

between what is said and its behavior according to

the values adopted” (values can originate from the

value of the code of ethics in the place where it

works, the value of social or personal moral values).

4.5 Public Involvement & Governance

As Tzounis, Katsoulas, Bartzanas, & Kittas (2017)

found, public involvement elevates the public

project significance due to its impacts on the

community. Urban farming is popular in urban life

because it satisfies the public's longing for open

green space in the city areas. Yet, this communal

approach brings several issues, namely the

coordination, collaboration, governance, and

integrity. Balkot Farm has brought changes to the

government projects that were usually oriented to

serve the government staff and their relatives.

Balkot Farm took further steps in involving many

parties in the community and simultaneously bring

new values and professionalism in the farming jobs.

Balkot Farm is supported by a variety of IoT devices

and facilities such as LEDs and monitor panels.

Those gadgets are expensive; therefore high

integrity is required from residents of the Jakarta

City Hall to maintain and preserve the shared

facilities. The task of monitoring and supervising is

carried out voluntarily by urban farming activists.

Also, the monitoring mechanism via CCTV will be

installed to ensure all functions are running well.

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292

5 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATION

The research question is, how does the application of

the Internet of Things in Balkot Farm have a positive

impact on efforts to improve collaboration and to

instill integrity practices in urban farming? Balkot

Farm has been initiating a collaboration setting for

all parties to work together with IoT helps. The

study also captures the satisfaction of stakeholders

who feel the benefits of information technology that

facilitates the farming process and at the same time,

creates a working system that is more accountable

and with integrity.

The study recommended several points as the

following: (1) implement integrity system to

maintain the honesty and professional ethics among

the parties; (2) expand the involvement of

government departments and community groups, so

the urban farming skills can be developed and

improved among the wider areas; (3) manage the

assets and financial activities openly, employ IoT for

monitoring and evaluation processes, so the whole

system can be checked by the public through a

transparent system.

Further study needed for urban farming,

especially the economy and technology of staple

food farming in the city. This study has started a

new observation of government-initiated projects,

especially in urban farming or urban agriculture.

The quantitative study is also needed to measure the

impact of urban farming in a certain society or

country. Urban farming is part of our efforts to

secure food and energy globally. Cities are growing

globally, and we need to utilize the potentials of

urban farming worldwide.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Authors would like to thank the Governor of Jakarta,

Indonesia, for his blessing for this study. The

Jakarta government agencies have made this

research possible, so we also express our gratitude to

the Communication & Information Office

(Diskominfotik), Food Security, Maritime, and

Fisheries Office (Dinas KPKP), Health Office

(Dinas Kesehatan), and the General Bureau (Biro

Umum). We support the governor's efforts to use a

research-based policymaking approach in order to

create more robust public policies in the future.

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APPENDIX

Layout

Balkot Farm pilot project lay out:

Figure 4. Artist rendering of Balkot Farm setting.

Figure 5. Top view of the Balkot Farm site.

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