The Effect of Regeneration Time of Biomass Activated Carbon using Low

Temperature to Reduce Filtration Loss in Water-based Drilling Fluid

Mursyidah

, Nur Hadziqoh

, Arif Rahmadani

, Idham Khalid

and Hasnah Binti Mohd Zaid

Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan,

Malaysia

hasnamz@utp.edu.my

Keywords:

Activated Carbon, Oil Palm Shell, Filtration Loss, Regeneration of Activated Carbon

Abstract:

Activated Carbon (AC) is a material that has porous structure and high surface area. If Activated Carbon has

long been opened to the air and interacts to the air, The surface of activated carbon can bind molecules from the

liquid or gas phases by van der waals force. It can affect decreasing the ability of activated carbon to reduce

ﬁltration loss in water-based drilling ﬂuid. The research has been carried out to increase the effectiveness

of AC as an additive in drilling process by thermal regeneration of activated carbon using low temperature.

This research using several samples that have various regeneration time by heated at 200

◦

C. The regeneration

times are for 0 minute (AC non- regeneration process), 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes.

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows the surface morphology and porous size of the sample. The

results show that ﬁltration loss decrease with addition time respectively 15 ml, 13.7 ml, 13.1 ml, 12.6 ml, and

12.1 ml. Regeneration process of activated carbon is one of the ways to reuse damaged activated carbon that

can control ﬁltration loss until 12.1 ml.

1 INTRODUCTION

The Drilling ﬂuid also called drilling mud is one of

important process in the petroleum industry. Some of

the petroleum industry faces challenges while drilling

processing. One of the challenges is how to con-

trol ﬁltration loss in drilling operations. The way

to reduce ﬁltration loss during the drilling process at

water-based mud can be added additive material into

drier mud to produce appropriate mud cake and can

control ﬂuid loss (Paydar and Ahmadi, 2017). Some

materials used as additives to control ﬁltration loss are

bentonite, calcium carbonate, boehmite, nano metal

oxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silica, carbon nanostruc-

ture (El-Diasty and Ragab, ).

Activated Carbon (AC) is an amorphous solid that

has high surface area and porous structure (Sivakumar

et al., 2012). It is widely used to adsorb the molecules

from liquid and gas phase. AC is used in many ap-

plication due to unique porous characteristic such as

water ﬁlter (Siong et al., 2013), nuclear (Foo and

Hameed, 2012), pharmaceutical (ALKHATIB, 2016),

agriculture (Nolan et al., 2015), gas and oil indus-

try (Mahto, 2013). The adsorptive properties of the

AC is needed to adsorb the adsorbate of the water-

based drilling ﬂuid. The surface area of AC is excess

1000 m2/g that result have powerful adsorptive prop-

erties (Tadda et al., 2016). The smaller size of AC

increased the surface area. The quality of AC depen-

dent on the raw materials and the activation process.

AC is produced by various sources of carbonaceous

material such as coconut shell, sawdust, agricultural

activities waste (McLean, 2003).

The adsorptive properties of the activated carbon

can decrease when activated carbon has been long

opened in the air and interacts with the air. The

surface of activated carbon which is porous struc-

ture adsorb organic component and any impurities.

It is because of London dispersion force between

molecules. London dispersion force is a type of Van

der waals force that can bind activated carbon with

molecules from liquid or gas phases. The Van der

waals force is a weak electrostatic force between un-

charged molecules. The force have short range and

sensitive in interaction between the carbon surface

and the adsorbate molecules. The adsorption capacity

of activated carbon is ﬁnite. If the porous surface of

activated carbon adsorb any impurities from the air,

322

Hadziqoh, N., Mursyidah, ., Rahmadani, A., Khalid, I. and Binti Mohd Zaid, H.

The Effect of Regeneration Time of Biomass Activated Carbon using Low Temperature to Reduce Filtration Loss in Water-based Drilling Fluid.

DOI: 10.5220/0009385503220325

In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (ICoSET 2019), pages 322-325

ISBN: 978-989-758-463-3

it can affect activated carbon loses its adsorption efﬁ-

ciency.

Regeneration also called reactivation is a process

to clean the pores of activated carbon from organic

component or any impurities by reheated process. Re-

generation process of activated carbon selectively can

remove adsorbed organics from the pores of activated

carbon (McLaughlin, 2005).

Some methods of regeneration of activated carbon

are wet oxidation, supercritical ﬂuid, classical solvent

regeneration low-temperature regeneration using mi-

crowave (C¸ alıs¸kan et al., 2012), but on an industrial

scale only thermal regeneration is used (Sabio et al.,

2004).

Thermal regeneration is a method to destroy the

adsorbed component from surface of activated carbon

using thermal process. It is desirable to restore the ad-

sorptive capacity of the carbon and return the carbon

to the formerly structure.

The objective of this research is to investigate the

effect of thermal regeneration of biomass activated

carbon using low temperature to control ﬁltration loss

in the water-based drilling ﬂuid.

2 EXPERIMENTAL

2.1 Materials

The raw material of Activated carbon in this research

is the oil palm shell from PT. Tunas Baru Lampung,

Kecamatan Beringin, Kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau.

Physical method used to produce activated carbon .

There are Three general processes to produce acti-

vated carbon. That are dehydration of water, car-

bonization, and activation of the carbon.

2.1.1 Dehydration Process

Oil palm shell was prepared and has been cleaned. In

this process, oil palm shell was dried in an oven at

100

◦

C for 1 hour.

2.1.2 Carbonization Process

Carbonization is a process of combustion of organic

material in the oil palm shell. This phase decomposes

cellulose into carbon by heated in an oven at 300

◦

for 1 hour. The objection of carbonization is to disap-

pear volatile compounds in the noncarbon elements,

hydrogen, and oxygen form. After that, the carbon

mashed to size 6 300 mesh.

2.1.3 Activation Process

Activation is a process of breaking the carbon chain

from the compound organic by heated in a furnace at

1000

◦

C for 1 hour.

2.2 Thermal Regeneration of Activated

Carbon

The low temperature of the thermal regeneration with

various time was carried out. The temperature used in

regeneration is 200

◦

C. Various time of regeneration

are 0 minutes (non-regeneration process), 30 minutes,

60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. In the ther-

mal regeneration process, the sample was heated by

the oven for each time.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The focus study is to analyse the effect of regenera-

tion time of activated carbon in controlling ﬁltration

loss. Volume ﬁltrate test was carried out using a ﬁlter

press set low-pressure low temperature (LPLT) for 30

minutes. The test result shows at table 1.

Table 1: Volume ﬁltrate of the water-based drilling ﬂuid

with various time of the regeneration.

No Sample

Regeneration Time

of AC (Minute)

Volume

Filtrate

(ml)

1 Sample 1 0 15

2 Sample 2 30 13.7

3 Sample 3 60 13.1

4 Sample 4 90 12.6

5 Sample 5 120 12.1

Sample 1 is a non-regeneration of activated car-

bon. As can be seen the highest ﬁltration loss is

in non-regeneration activated carbon. The effect

of regeneration process is reducing ﬁltration loss in

drilling-ﬂuid. Generally, ﬂuid loss decreases respec-

tively with increasing regeneration time. Besed on ta-

ble 1, the best time for regeneration process is 120

minutes that can control ﬁltration loss until 12.1 ml.

In this condition, adsorbed contaminants or impurities

removed from porous of activated carbon.

The Graﬁk shows that cake thickness decrease re-

spectively with addition regeneration time. The high-

est cake thickness is in non-regeneration activated car-

bon. This proves that regeneration of activated carbon

can decrease cake thickness in drilling ﬂuid.

The adsorption properties of activated carbon de-

pend on its porous structure and pore size distribution

The Effect of Regeneration Time of Biomass Activated Carbon using Low Temperature to Reduce Filtration Loss in Water-based Drilling

Fluid

323

Figure 1: Graﬁk the effect of regeneration time to ﬁltration

loss

Figure 2: Graﬁk of the effect of regeneration time to cake

thickness

Figure 3: SEM image of AC with 0 minute regeneration

time

Figure 4: SEM image of AC with regeneration time 120

minute

(Guo and Du, 2012). Figure 3 and ﬁgure 4 shows

the SEM image of activated carbon non-regeneration

and activated carbon with regeneration for 120 min-

utes. The result showed that the average of pore size

is 0.67 µm non regeneration activated carbon and 0.53

µm with regeneration process for 120 minutes. The

activated carbon adsorption is better with more devel-

oped small pore size with large surface area than large

pore size with small surface area.

4 CONCLUSION

Activated carbon is an additive material that can con-

trol ﬁltration loss in drilling ﬂuid. However, acti-

vated carbon should be regenerated when activated

carbon is exhausted by impurities in the air. In this

research, the exhaust activated carbon (activated car-

bon has been polluted by air) has been restored to

the formerly adsorption capacity by thermal regen-

eration. The non-regeneration activated carbon has

more ﬁltration loss than activated carbon with regen-

eration process. Filtration loss and cake thickness re-

duce signiﬁcantly with increasing regeneration time

of activated carbon. Activated carbon with regenera-

tion time 120 minutes is the best material to decrease

ﬁltration loss that can reduce ﬁltration loss until 12.1

ml.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank International Collaboratives Re-

search Funding (ICRF) Universitas Islam Riau and

Universiti Teknologi Petronas for ﬁnancial support

offered through the project No. 437/Kontrak/LPPM-

UIR-9-2018.

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