The Effectiveness of Shooting and Sprint Training Variations on

Shooting Improvement for 13-15 Year Old Soccer Players

Febri Al Mubarok

, Pamuji Sukoco

State University Of Yogyakarta, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Master Of Sports Science, Faculty Of Postgraduate

Keywords : Training, Training Variation, Sprint.

Abstract : The purposes of this research are to test: (1) the influence of shooting training variation on soccer shooting

improvement, (2) the influence of sprint training variation on soccer shooting improvement, (3) the

difference between shooting training variation and sprint training variation on soccer shooting improvement.

The method of this research was the experiment of the randomized Solomon four group design. The

instrument of this research was a modification shooting test. The technique of analyzing data was ANAVA.

This research showed that (1) there was a significant influence of shooting training variation on soccer

shooting improvement, (2) there was a significant influence of sprint training variation on soccer shooting

improvement, (3) there was a significant difference between shooting training variation and sprint training

variation on soccer shooting improvemen

1 INTRODUCTION

A sport is generally regarded as any activities that

aim to be physically and mentally healthy. The

scope of sport can be very broad especially now that

it is a part of life for every human being and it

cannot be separated from human life. Even very

common indoor and outdoor activities can be

regarded as sport. In its development, a sport can

bring a positive value to the perpetrators, and

contribute to the system of sustainable development.

Through sport, a nation can increase its popularity

in the world. These show that the role of sport is

very important for every individual or group.

Coaching in sport is also very important and cannot

be ignored because it has a very large role for

survival as well as for the recognition of the ideal

national development.

In addition to achieve physical and spiritual

fitness, the sense of achievement in sport is fostered

and developed. The progress of science and

technology is currently enabling sports experts to

find many new discoveries, in terms of sports

theories, training techniques, sophisticated

equipment that are useful to support the

improvement of sports achievements.

Sports achievements are not as easy as turning a

hand or saying a word. Sports achievements are

everyone's dream, but it is important keep in mind

that having sports achievements is quite difficult. It

requires good coaching, including physical training,

technical training, and mental coaching. To achieve

this, players must have four components of good

performance, especially in physical and technical

conditions.

Sports achievements need to be fostered and

accompanied by strong motivation to achieve good

results. There are many sports available, including

soccer. Soccer, or football is a type of sport that is

very popular in the world, including Indonesia.

Some consider soccer as a destiny. It involves

various ages. Even many children now know about

soccer through their idols on the field. Nowadays,

soccer is sought after and loved by almost everyone

on earth.

To date, there are no sports that receive the most

lively and uproarious welcome from people around

Al Mubarok, F. and Sukoco, P.

The Effectiveness of Shooting and Sprint Training Variations on Shooting Improvement for 13-15 Year Old Soccer Players.

DOI: 10.5220/0009214201150120

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 115-120

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

115

the world except soccer (Rengga and Tjahja, 2016).

Soccer is a team sport that requires team work and

cohesiveness between each player. There are five

main factors that should be owned by soccer players

to gain the achievement. These factors include

physical, technique, tactic, strategy, and motivation.

Also, a team must be filled with qualified individual

players whom are able to apply soccer techniques

perfectly. Soccer performances are characterized by

interaction between technique, tactic, physical,

physiology, and psychology components (Praca,

2015).

Soccer is not about who is the fastest, strongest,

or the most aggressive on physical, technique, tactic,

and mental that distinguish it from soccer on a

competitive level (Gioldasis, 2017). Many people

assume that the purpose of soccer is to score a goal

and to win the competition. That belief is not

entirely wrong. To be able to do that, the coach

should think about how to score a goal and try to

keep the opponent team fail at scoring goals. Scoring

a goal to the opposing team and holding off the

opponent’s attacks are not easy tasks to do. Instead,

it requires technique, tactics, and cohesiveness of a

team. Basic techniques are really crucial in sport

especially soccer. It will make it easier for a coach to

develop individual skills of each player. A coach of

elite soccer will keep trying to find out the most

effective formulas to identify and develop talented

young players.

Shooting is one of the important fundamental

techniques to create an opportunity to score a goal.

Shooting is a powerful kick using the back of the

foot. Scoring a goal can be done by using a shooting

technique. However, there are still many players that

are wrong in applying shooting technique. It

happens not only to amateur players, but also to

professional national and international players, so

that they cannot win the competition.

Shooting training must be done regularly and

continuously to achieve goals. However, there are

many coaches whom train shooting technique

improvements do not have varied and regular

programs. Then, it causes the players to forget and

get bored easily. To improve shooting skill of a

player, the training should vary. Training variation

in soccer can be implemented with various forms or

methods to achieve the training goals. The purpose

of training variations is to avoid a tiredness of

training participants, so they can seriously involve

and make progress to achieve the training objectives.

Besides, training variations expose every participant

to various movements to improve their skills.

Based on the researcher’s observations of

training methods done in SSB Tunas Muda

Sumberadi, the coach did not have training variation

to 13-15 old players, so they looked very bored and

they did not get enough shooting training.

Considering the important of variations in training,

the coach should vary the training so that the players

did not feel bored and made progresses in training.

Thus, based on the problems stated above, the

researcher wanted to prove the importance of

variations in training.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

The method of this research was experiment method.

The purpose of experiment research was to identify

casual correlation between cause and effect of

something against the other (Sulistyo and Basuki,

2016). The experiment method of this research used

the randomized Solomon four group design.

Table 1: The randomized Solomon four group design.

This design has tighter and broader controls than

other experimental designs. It contains two extra

control groups in order to provide control over the

effects that might occur between the pretest and

posttest. This design is more complex to arrange and

analyze because it has replication provided by two

experiments. This combination will benefit

information obtained from the pretest and posttest,

and at the same time, it can show how the conditions

of the experiment affect the group of participants

whom are not given the pretest.

There were four groups in this design, namely

group I (experiment 1), group II (control 1), group

III (experiment 2), and group IV (control 2). Each

group consisted of 10 athletes. The placement of

athletes in each group was randomly done using

ordinal pairing technique.

Age Group 13-

15 Years

Shooting Test Shooting & Sprint Variation Exercises Shooting Test

I (eksperimen 1) Pretest Unit 1 & Unit 2 Variations Exercises Posttest

II (control 1) Pretest - Posttest

III (eksperimen 2) -

Unit 3 & Unit 4 Variations Exercises

Posttest

IV (control 2) - - Posttest

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

116

Table 2: Random athlete placement table with ordinal

pairing technique

Group I

(eksperiment

)

Group II

(control 1)

Group III

(eksperiment 2)

Group IV

(control 2)

1 2 3 4

8 7 6 5

9 10 11 12

16 15 14 13

17 18 19 20

24 23 22 21

25 26 27 28

32 31 30 29

33 34 35 36

40 39 38 37

N=10 N=10 N=10 N=10

After the athletes were placed in each group, the

researcher exercised full control so that his purity

was maintained in each group and each group was

guided by one trainer. In group I and II, the initial

shooting test was given, while group III and IV were

not given the initial test. In group I and group III

were given treatment in the forms of varied shooting

and sprint exercises. For group I, the treatments

were zigzag dribbling + shooting and shooting 1

versus 1 variation training. For group III the

treatment were zigzag + sprint variation shooting

and short length sprint + shooting. As for groups II

and IV, no treatment was given. Each group was

given a final shooting test.

Types of shooting and sprint variation exercises

are based on modified exercises proposed by

(Scheuneman, 2014) and based on the principles of

training proposed by (Bompa and Gregory, 2009). It

is stated that in order to begin the improve athletes’

ability, coaching must contain balanced training

between multilateral (physical / sprint) and specialist

(shooting). In general, in the beginning, athlete

training must focus on the physical, with the aim of

developing the overall physical condition. The use

of multilateral development plans is extremely

important during the early stages of athlete

development. Multilateral development is the basic

concept of training when planning the development

of specialization exercises. If this principle is

applied in the training phase, multilateral will bring

the advantageous in the development of the athletes’

physical and psychological abilities as the basis for

maximizing athlete performance in his career

development. Using this exercise, athletes will

obtain a strong physical at the beginning and will be

able to reach a higher level of physical preparation

and perfect technique.

2.1 Population and Research Sample

According to (Sugiyono, 2009), the population is all

the characteristics or properties possessed by the

subject or object. Another opinion of the population

according to (Rully and Poppy, 2014) is that the

population is a collection of all elements from which

to conclude. In addition, the population is a group to

whom the results of a study carried out to be

generalized (Purwanto, 2016). The population of this

research was 13-15 old soccer school players.

Meanwhile, the sample is part of the number and

characteristics possessed by the population

(Sugiyono, 2011). For this research, the following

criteria of collecting samples were carried out,

namely 1) samples were randomly chosen from all

soccer school players; 2) samples were male

between the ages of 13-15 years; and 3) sample

should not be physically impaired or sick.

This research used the randomized Solomon four

group design. Each groups was filled with ten

players through ordinal pairing based on the criteria

above. According to the research background, Tunas

Muda Sumberadi soccer school has players from

various ages. To adjust to the research design, forty

13-15 old Tunas Muda Sumberadi soccer school

players were needed. Thus, there were forty players

that are used as the sample of this research.

2.2 Research Instrument

Research instruments are tools or facilities used by

researchers in collecting data, so that their work is

easier and the results are better, in the sense of being

more accurate, complete, and systematic so that it is

easy to process (Arikunto, 2006). The research

instrument of this research was modified shooting

techniques. The results included the time achieved

by samples from starting the sprint until shooting the

ball on target, and it was determined by doing the

test three times.

The instrument was a shooting test modified

from the manual "Tests for measurement and

evaluation of physical education and sport according

from Arsil" and "curriculum and basic guidelines of

Indonesian soccer according from Timo

Scheunemann".

The Effectiveness of Shooting and Sprint Training Variations on Shooting Improvement for 13-15 Year Old Soccer Players

117

Figure 1: Modified shooting test

2.3 Technique of Analyzing Data

The technique of analyzing data used SPSS 20

which employed two-way ANAVA of significance

level = 0,05. Considering the technique of

analyzing data, it was needed to do perquisite testing

which included (1) normality testing, (2) variance

homogeneity testing and (3) hypothesis testing.

3 RESEARCH RESULT

The first hypothesis stated “there is a significant

influence of shooting training variation on shooting

improvement.” From the analyses of the data, the

result was as follow.

Table 3: Pretest and posttest analysis results of shooting

training variation group

Group average Sig. difference %

Pretest 31,64 0,00

2,4 7,5

Posttest 29,24

From the t-test result, it can be described that the

significant value p was 0,002. It was clear that

significant value 0,002 is < 0,05, so there was a

significant difference between the pretest and

posttest. Thus, alternative hypothesis (Ha) that stated

“There is a significant influence of shooting training

variation on shooting improvement” was accepted.

The second hypothesis stated “there is a

significant influence of sprint training variation on

shooting improvement.” The result was as follow.

Table 4: Pretest and posttest analysis results of sprint

training variation group

Group average Sig. differe

nce

Pretest 31,92

0,03

1,9

5,95

Posttest 30,02

From the t-test result, it could be described that

the significant value p was 0,031. It was clear that

significance value 0,031 is < 0,05, so this result

showed there was a significant difference between

pretest and posttest. Thus, alternative hypothesis

(Ha) that stated “there is a significant influence of

sprint training variation on shooting improvement”

was accepted.

The third hypothesis stated “there is a significant

difference between shooting training variation and

sprint training variation on soccer shooting

improvement.” From the analysis, the result was as

follow.

Table 5: Results of the difference between shooting and

spring training variations group

Group % Sig. differe

nce

Shooting

variation

7,59% 0,02

0,74

Sprint

variation

5,95%

From the t-test result, it could be described that

the significant value p was 0,026. It was clear that

the significant value 0,026 is < 0,05, so this result

showed there was a significant difference. Thus,

alternative hypothesis (Ha) that stated “there is a

significant difference between shooting training

variation and sprint training variation on soccer

shooting improvement” was accepted.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

118

4 DISCUSSION

Shooting is a soccer basic technique which is done

by kicking a ball to the goal post. The purpose of

shooting is to score a goal in order to win

competition. A goal is scored by a strong player. The

player cannot be driven away by the opposite

players and he is created from regular training.

Based on hypothesis testing, it is known that

there is a significant effect of shooting variation

training on the improvement of soccer shooting for

soccer school players aged 13-15 year old. Shooting

is a step in a soccer match as a series of attempts to

put the ball into the opponent’s goal post without

using a hand for winning the game.

Shooting is needed at the end of an attack. It is

about how a player can shoot the opponent's goal

post well so that a goal will be created

(Scheunemann, 2005). (Sutikno, 2009) defines

variation as diversity which helps something not

monotonous. Variations can manifest changes or

differences that are intentionally created or made to

give a unique impression. According to (Dinata,

2007), coaches can also make variations in exercises

with various forms such as warming up with other

athletes.

Shooting variation training is a form of technical

training. Technical training is a form of training to

improve the perfection in technical skills. Technical

skills are the ability to perform technical movements

required in sport. According to (Bompa, 1994), the

technique covers the overall structure and the parts

that are carefully combined. Also, they include the

efficient movements of an athlete in his effort to

exercise. Technical skills are an important part of

achievement. Without good technical skills, an

athlete might not be able to show a good and right

style in sport. Techniques in every sport will always

develop in accordance with the goals and rules of the

game in the higher the demands. As an attempt to

achieve these objectives, proportional technical

skills training must receive top priority in an

exercise program arrangement.

The purpose of technical training is to enhance

technical movement skills and to obtain automation

of technical movements in a sport. Movement

automation is characterized by having steady and

consistent movement results, making very few

mistakes or even no mistakes. In different and

changing situations and conditions, it is important to

always make a consistent movement. The steps of

the exercise technique are as follows. First, the

trainer gives an explanation and demonstrates the

overall technical movement to be trained. Second,

athletes perform basic technical movement exercises

by paying attention to the keys of the movement.

Third, athletes perform basic technical movement

exercises as a whole in simple situations and

conditions. Fourth, the tempo of the exercise is

increased and repeating the basic technical exercises

using strength, speed and coordination are somewhat

more difficult. Fifth, the types and forms of

technical training should be increased and

complicated. Sixth, athletes practice advanced

technical skills. Seventh, the trainer increases the

effectiveness of technical movements coupled with

physical formation. Eighth, athletes try technical

skills in simple game situations. Ninth, athletes can

master of technical skills perfectly and automatically

apply them in the match (Budiwanto, 2012).

Movements made during repetitive exercises will

cause the formation of conditional reflexes, learning

to move, and the process of memorization of motion

(Nala, 2011).

Sprint has an important role in soccer shooting.

Sprint in soccer is very beneficial for a team if it is

done perfectly in competition. Many world-class

elite soccer teams use sprinter to avoid the opponent

and to catch the opponent when losing ball, and of

course to score goals.

The analyses showed that there was a significant

effect of sprint variation training on improving

soccer shooting for soccer school players aged 13-15

years. Achieving a goal requires not only a technical

exercise, but also physical training. A good physical

condition does not necessarily improve the technical

ability without having a balanced and proper

technical training. However, a good physical

condition cannot be ignored as a determining factor

for applying good technical abilities (Pratama and

Sutapa, 2016). Furthermore, (Sukadiyanto, 2005)

argues that the goal of the exercise is to achieve an

outline of performance, namely (a) to improve and

to develop general and specific physical qualities,

(b) to enhance perfect techniques, (c) to develop

techniques and strategies, and (d) to improve

psychic qualities and abilities. (Bompa, 2009), states

that training given regularly for 6-8 weeks will get

certain results where the body is adapted to the

training. In line with the above opinion, (Nala, 2011)

states that the training provided systematically,

progressively and repeatedly will improve the body's

organ systems, so that physical appearance will be

optimal. The training, which is carried out with a

frequency of three times a week, is suitable for

beginners and will result to significant

improvements. Physical training, which is applied

regularly and measured with sufficient amount and

The Effectiveness of Shooting and Sprint Training Variations on Shooting Improvement for 13-15 Year Old Soccer Players

119

time, will cause changes in the ability to produce

greater energy and improve physical appearance.

Based on the results that have been stated in the

results of this study that there is a significant

difference between shooting variation training and

sprint variation training on increasing soccer

shooting for soccer school players aged 13-15 years.

Shooting variation training group is better than

sprint variation group, control group I, and control

group II. One technique that soccer players must

master is the ability to shoot at goal. As revealed by

(Mielke, 2003) shooting is shooting. A player must

master the basic skills of kicking a ball and then

develop a series of shooting techniques that allow

him to shoot shots and score goals from various field

positions. To be a good soccer player, you must have

good shooting skills. If a soccer player does not

master the kick well, then he will not be a good

player, so the game of soccer becomes unattractive.

A good team is one that has all the players who have

good, fast, meticulous and precise ball kicks, target

friends or score goals against the opponent.

Trainings are given to stimulate the improvement

of body skills. One of the trainings that can be

applied to improve shooting skills is training

variation. Training variation is training of various

movements and methods of stimulating the given

materials. The purpose of this training is to avoid the

tiredness of players in training. Thus, the training

can be followed seriously by the players and the

goals can be achieved.

5 CONCLUSION

According to the data analyses, description, test

result and discussion, it can be concluded as follows.

First, there is a significant influence of shooting

training variation on soccer shooting improvement

on school soccer players in the age of 13-15. Next,

there is a significant influence of sprint training

variation on soccer shooting improvement on school

soccer players in the age of 13-15. Finally, there is

significance difference between shooting and sprint

training variations on soccer shooting improvement

on school soccer players in the age of 13-15.

REFERENCES

Arikunto, S. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan

Praktik. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta. Rineka Cipta.

Basuki, S. 2016. Research Methods. Jakarta. Wedatama

Widya Sastra.

Bompa, O.T & Haff. G.G. 2009. Periodization: Theory

And Methodology Of Training. Champaign. Human

Kinetics.

Budiwanto, S. 2012. Metodologi Latihan Olahraga.

Malang. Universitas Negeri Malang. UM PRESS.

Dinata, M. 2007. Dasar-Dasar Mengajar Sepak Bola.

Jakarta. Cerdas Jaya.

Gioldasis et al. 2017. Leadership Style Of Greek Soccer

Coaches. Journal of Physical Education and Sport.

P.352.

Irianto, D.P. 2016. Dasar Kepelatihan. Yogyakarta. UNY

Pres.

Mielke, D. 2003. Dasar-Dasar Sepakbola. Bandung. Intan

Sejati Pakar Raya.

Nala, N. 2011. Prinsip Pelatihan Fisik Olahraga.

Denpasar. Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia

Daerah Bali.

Praca et al. 2015. Relationship Between Tactical And

Technical Performance In Youth Soccer Players. Rev

Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 17(2). 136-

144.

Rengga, R.Z dan T. Tribinuka. 2016. Coaching Young

Players Through the Football Academy. JOURNAL

SCIENCE AND ART ITS Vol. 5, No.2.

Rully, Y & Poppy. 2014. Metodologi Penelitian. Bandung.

REFIKA ADITAMA.

Scheunemann, T. 2014. Futsal For Winners Taktik Dan

Variasi Latihan Futsal. Malang. Dioma.

Sugiyono. 2009. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan

Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan R & D.

Bandung. Alfabeta.

Sukadiyanto. 2005. Pengantar Teori Dan Metodologi

Melatih Fisik. Bandung. CV Lubuk Agung.

Sutikno, S. 2009. Belajar Dan Pembelajaran. Bandung.

Prospect.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

120