Effectiveness of the Ankle Weight Exercise to Increase Football

Player's Agility, Speed and Long Passing Power

Ali Multazam*, Sita Nur Annisa Merindayanti, Aqidatul Izza Aisyah, Fajar Dwika Primadana Ajie,

and Nungki Marlian Yuliadarwati

Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Jalan Bandung Nomor 1, Malang 65113, East Java, Indonesia

Keywords: Ankle weight exercise, agility, speed, long passing, football

Abstract: Football is a very popular sport at this time, where agility, speed, and long passing are the most important

components in football. Agility is a person's ability to change direction quickly and precisely without losing

balance. Running speed in football serves to support the performance of football players while dribbling into

the opponent's area and is used to chase the ball. Agility, speed, long passing is influenced by the strength of

the muscles of the lower limbs. Ankle Weight Exercise is weight training on the feet that aims to improve the

strength of leg muscle strength performance. The aim is to identify the effect of ankle weight exercise to

increase football player’s agility, speed, and long passing power. Research design is one group pre-test post-

test design. The population in this study were football players. A total of 34 respondents met with the inclusion

criteria. This research was conducted three times a week for six weeks. Measurements using the Illinois agility

run test, 100 meters sprint test, and long pass test. The results of the study using the Wilcoxon test were set

to 0.00 (p <0.05) for each variable. Ankle weight exercises effective in increasing the football player’s agility,

speed, and long passing power.

1 INTRODUCTION

Several kinds of basic techniques needed in football,

such as: stop the ball, shooting, dribbling, and passing

(Aquino et al., 2016; Surohudin, 2013). There are

important components in the game of football such as

endurance, speed, strength, reaction, and agility

(Sheppard & Young, 2007).

Agility is an ability to change direction with speed

and on time to move without losing balance. An agile

player is a player who moves without losing balance

and awareness of his body position. Agility can occur

because of the movement of explosive energy, and the

strength of muscle contraction determines the amount

of energy and muscle speed depends on the strength

of muscle contraction. So that muscle contraction will

depend on the adhesive power of muscle fibers and the

speed of nerve impulse transmission (Mappaompo,

2011)

Running speed is important to be used to support

the performance of football players when dribbling

into the opponent's area or to catch the ball. Running

speed can be developed through basic components of

motion (body control), strength (muscle strength),

power (muscle power), coordination, muscle

endurance (Widodo, 2010). Slow running speed can

affect the athlete's performance. The running speed of

an athlete is influenced by the length of steps and the

frequency of running steps (Sidik & Giriwijoyo,

2014). The reason for the slow running speed is due to

the wrong training program, and athletes usually train

when there will be only a football match.

A weak long passing kick affects an athlete's

achievement, and an athlete's long passing kick is

influenced by the strength of the muscle mass (Sidik

& Giriwijoyo, 2014). The cause of the long passing

kick is weak due to the wrong training program and

athletes usually practice intensively when there will

be a football match alone

Weight training is a type of exercise that is

commonly used to develop strengths using gravity

(Riyadi, 2008). This form of exercise causes the

body's muscles to contract using bodyweight or other

devices to stimulate muscle growth or work, strength,

and endurance by targeting certain muscle groups and

types of movements. There are several methods of

Multazam, A., Merindayanti, S., Aisyah, A., Primadana Ajie, F. and Yuliadarwati, N.

Effectivity of the Ankle Weight Exercise to Increasing Football Player’s Agility, Speed and Long Passing Power.

DOI: 10.5220/0009127502050208

In Proceedings of the 2nd Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2019), pages 205-208

ISBN: 978-989-758-462-6

205

weight training to improve the ability of endurance

muscles, one of the methods used is the ankle weight

exercise method impacts of the poor agility of football

players (Riyadi, 2008).

2 METHOD

This research is a quasi-experimental with pretest and

posttest approach design to compare the results of the

pretest and posttest to determine the effect of giving

ankle weight with a load of 1.5 kg, 2.25 kg, and three

kg for six weeks with treatment three times a week.

The number of respondents was 30 people who fit the

inclusion criteria.

Respondents were measured agility using Illinois

agility run tests using a 10 x 5-meter field area and

using eight cones on the sides of the field, respondents

measured their running speed using a 100-meter sprint

test, and respondents measured their long passes using

a long passing test. Analysis of the data used to test

the hypothesis in this study is to use the Shapiro Wilk

test and then proceed with the Wilcoxon test. This

research was conducted in December 2018 until

February 2019.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Data analysis from 30 respondents obtained the mean

before intervention is 20.15 and after intervention

changed to 17.59. Results of the Wilcoxon test

concluded sig 2 tailed value of p-value 0,000 <0.05,

which is the effect of giving ankle weight exercise to

increase agility in football players (see Table 1).

The running speed category before the

intervention is 11 respondents, and at least in the good

category is four respondents. The running speed

category after the interventions is ten respondents, and

at least in less category is one respondent. Wilcoxon

test results obtained an increase in running speed

before and after the intervention of ankle weight

exercise had a significant difference. Of the 30

respondents, there was a mean value before the

intervention that was 19.77 and after the intervention

was given a mean value of 18.18. The difference from

Wilcoxon test results after being given intervention

can be p-value 0.00 <0.05, i.e., there is an effect of

giving ankle weight exercise to increase running

speed in football players (see Table.2)

The long pass category before the intervention in

enough category was 27 respondents, and at least in

the good category was three respondents. The long

pass category after the intervention in a good category

was 19 respondents, and at least in the very good

category were two respondents. The Wilcoxon test

results obtained an increase in long passing before and

after the intervention of ankle weight exercise. There

was a mean value before the intervention, which was

29.08 and after the intervention was given mean value

of 33.50. The Wilcoxon test results in the sig 2 tailed

value obtained 0,000 <0.05, i.e., there is the effect of

giving ankle weight exercise to increase long passing

in football players (see Table 3).

Table 1. Results of the Wilcoxon test effect of ankle weight

exercise on increasing agility in football players

Mean N Sig.

Ankle

Weight

Pre-test

20,15 30 0,000<0,05

Ankle

Weight

Post-test 17,59 30 0,000<0,05

Table 2. Results of the Wilcoxon test effect of ankle weight

exercise on increasing speed in football players

Mean N Sig.

Ankle

Weight

Pre-test 19,77 30 0,000<0,05

Ankle

Weight

Post-test 18,18 30 0,000<0,05

Table 3. Results of the Wilcoxon test effect of ankle weight

exercise on increasing long passing in football players

Mean N Sig.

Ankle

Weight

Pre-test 29,08

30 0,000<0,05

Ankle

Weight

Post-test 33,50 30 0,000<0,05

Exercise will make the body experience a

physiological response. Exercise will cause the

neuromuscular, hormonal, cardiovascular,

respiratory, and metabolic systems in the body. The

hormonal system has an increase in the hormone

adrenaline (the process of liver glycogenesis,

secretion of cortisol by adrenals, increased contraction

of the heart muscle and striated muscle), glucagon

hormone (breaking down fat deposits into the

bloodstream and preventing blood sugar from falling).

In the cardiovascular system and increase in atrial and

ventricular volume, the number of capillaries

increases and the amount of Hb increases. In the

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respiratory system increase in tidal volume, vital lung

capacity, and diffusion ability (Sebastianus, 2011)

When a soccer player runs dribbling, the leg

muscles must be able to withstand the weight of the

body and protect the ball from the opponent's

interference. Systematic training is training that is

repeated and planned carefully and carried out

according to the schedule applied. Athletes' muscle

strength and agility can be increase using weight

training. Various opinions say that leg muscle strength

to running speed is one of the physical components

used when playing football, especially in dribbling

(Patraserasah, 2017).

Ankle weight can increase agility in football

players. Weight training in the ankle weight is one of

the methods to improve physical condition, and the

muscles will contract and become stronger.

Neurotransmitters release acetylcholine and then

delivered to the muscle membrane and stimulate the

sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium and then

binds troponin, causing ductal actin and myosin to

pull, resulting in muscle contraction. Weight training

will be added with the aim that muscle strength will

be more effective if given a slight load above its

ability, it aims to adapt the functional body so that

there is an increase in muscle strength and indirectly

power and flexibility will also increase, where power

and flexibility are combined in agility (Hudriah, 2018)

One of the supporting factors to Dribbling is leg

muscle strength when players run by dribbling, and

leg muscles can hold the load and balance the body for

better movement (Lutan, 2006). Ankle weight

exercise is used to increase the strength of leg

muscles. Weight training with ankle weight exercise

is included in isotonic movements because, during

contractions, there is a constant tension with changes

in muscle length (Riyadi, 2008). Isotonic movements

contract with the same tension or weight constantly

with changes in muscle length (Sidik & Giriwijoyo,

2014)

Weight training causes muscles to become

hypertrophy, thereby increasing volume in each

muscle fiber, increasing the number of blood vessels

in muscle fibers and cell organelles in muscles

(Kalangi, 2014; Sidik & Giriwijoyo, 2014). This

enlargement occurs because of the increase in

contractile elements in the fibers, causing increased

strength of muscle contraction or active strength of

muscles, thickened sarcolemma, increased connective

tissue between muscle fibers, which can increase

muscle strength and increase running speed (Sidik &

Giriwijoyo, 2014). The hypertrophy in the muscles

causes the formation of new muscle fibers, and

mitochondria have increased (Colson & Collison,

1983). Mitochondria play a role in the formation of

ATP for the action of actin and myosin faster, so that

muscle contraction is faster. Mitochondria also play a

role in providing energy for the process of muscle

contraction and increased muscular endurance (Birch

K., McLaren D., 2005; Guyton & Hall, 2006)

This ankle weight exercise causes hypertrophy in

muscle cells, which can increase muscle strength and

power. Running speed has elements of good muscular

strength and leg power. This ankle weight exercise

uses the De Lorme method with a load of 10 RM with

eight sets (Lesmana, 2005)

Long passing to be effective in their movements

because one of the supporting factors is leg muscle

strength when the player passes the ball the leg

muscles can hold the load and balance the fulcrum of

the body to be more precise when kicking the ball over

long distances (Lutan, 2006). Ankle weight exercise

is used to increase leg muscle strength used for

running, namely m. Quadriceps femoris, m. Gluteus

maximus, m. Iliopsoas, m. Hamstring, m. Triceps

surae.

The research of Radjiku et al. (2013) is a relevant

study to this research, and there is the effect of ankle

weight training on increasing the power of long

passing kicks in the soccer game of male students in

class VII.

4 CONCLUSION

Ankle weight exercise effective to increase football

player's agility, speed, and long passing power

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