Tile-based Game Plugin for Unity Engine

Salhazan Nasution

, Arbi Haza Nasution

and Arif Lukman Hakim

Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Keywords:

Unity, Plugin, Tile-Based Game, Level Editor.

Abstract:

Nowadays video games have become mainstream in the modern lives of people in the world. Along with

that, the game development process has been dramatically improved by the emergence of free to use game

engines. One of the most used game engines worldwide is Unity. Unity provides strong features to support

its developers, one of them is the ability to use plugins. Meanwhile, tile-based games are also very popular.

Without support from any kind of plugins, development of tile-based games will increase development time,

especially in level editing process. Readjusting each tile to a perfect position while it is being added to Unity

scene view is very time-consuming. This plugin aims to solve this problem by extending the Unity editor

script. This plugin provides support for creating and deleting tiles, enables the developers to cut the time

needed to create levels in tile-based games.

1 INTRODUCTION

The popularity of video games has increased since

the ﬁrst emergence of video games around the 1950s.

Video games have always been a component of pop

culture and being the center of the multi-billion dol-

lar entertainment industry. Nowadays because of the

internet, the availability of game development soft-

ware has been increasing, along with the ease of game

ready device distributions and game distributions it-

self, encouraging advancement in the game develop-

ment industry (Bergonse, 2017). Game development

software, usually called game engine is a tool de-

signed to reduce budget, complexity, and time needed

to market in a game development process. This soft-

ware creates an abstraction layer above the main func-

tionality of creating a video game. This abstraction

layer is packed with the tools that are designed to

function as the functional components that can be

modiﬁed or added with an addition of third party com-

ponent (Halpern, 2018).

Game engines have been popular than before. The

most popular game engine with the number of devel-

opers is Unity, with more than 5,5 million developers

listed in 2016, then followed by Unreal Engine, that

has reached more than 4 million developers in 2017

(Salom

ao et al., 2019).

Unity is a game engine that gives huge beneﬁts

compared to the other game engine that is available

on the market nowadays. Unity gives drag and drop

capability on its visual workﬂow and supports script-

ing in C# language, which is very popular. Unity has

long been supporting 3D and 2D graphics; also Unity

provides a set of tools for these two types of graphics

that is always improving and always been very easy

to use on each update. Unity also made especially

to support developers using plugins from third party

software. Unity also provides its asset store that has

so many plugins for Unity itself, made from develop-

ers and made for developers (Halpern, 2018).

The plugin itself consisted of many things, among

them are assets like 3D models, 2D sprites, textures,

materials, sound effects, music, scripting, particle ef-

fects, and many more. All of them are available in

Unity asset store, from the free to paid ones.

Beside of that, tile-based system for making

games have been used widely, thus becoming a de

facto for a standard approach to making games for

most of the game design technology. This system is

not only for 2D games, 3D games could also use the

same system. Tile-based systems are popular because

this system solves a different amount of problems that

are so complex to be solved with other ways (Spuy,

2010).

Unity engine does not provide support to make

games with tile-based system, related plugins with

good functionality had a paywall, and the free ones

lack good functionality, so the developer has difﬁ-

Nasution, S., Nasution, A. and Hakim, A.

Tile-based Game Plugin for Unity Engine.

DOI: 10.5220/0009103700550063

In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (ICoSET 2019), pages 55-63

ISBN: 978-989-758-463-3

culty in terms of accessibility to good tile-based sys-

tem plugin. This study was done in order to make a

better tile-based system than before more accessible

to more Unity developers especially in terms of edu-

cation.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The foundation of this research is the history of previ-

ous researches related to the plugin for game engines.

The ﬁrst research is entitled “Uni-CAVE: A

Unity3D Plugin for Non-head Mounted VR Display

Systems”. Unity3D has been popular and is free to

use by many game developers especially for design-

ing and constructing a virtual environment. How-

ever, Unity3D itself has not yet have an immersive

projection base Virtual Reality (VR). The objective

of this research is to give a free solution to adapt

Unity3D with any VR immersive projection system.

Uni-CAVE provides support for multiple VR display

conﬁgurations, multiple stereo techniques, 3D head,

and wand tracking system, and display synchroniza-

tion. Uni-CAVE is a plugin that is meant to ease the

development of immersive 3D VR display systems

on Unity3D. This plugin has been tested on a six-

sided CAVE environment, using active quad-buffered

stereo, on twenty curved tiled display screen system

that uses side-by-side stereo, also two projector power

wall using quad buffered active stereo and dual-pipe

active stereo. These conﬁgurations can be saved as

Unity prefabs, allowing to be reused multiple times

by developers (Tredinnick et al., 2017).

The second research is entitled “A Game Engine

Plug-in for Efﬁcient Development of Investigation

Mechanics in Serious Games”. Educative Serious

Games (SG) has been widely used in education, train-

ing, and domain like sports and medical treatment.

Regardless of the increasing interest on SGs, the dis-

tributions of SGs is constrained by the difﬁculty of

combining the effectiveness of education with enter-

tainment, a high resource needed to the development

process, and involves different ﬁelds of study. This re-

search proposes a development framework to support

investigation in SG. This framework provides a de-

scription template which allows developers to deﬁne

what items that had to be investigated in a structural

way possible. The descriptor is processed on runtime

by the game engine plugin which is responsible to

manage the virtual environment and the correspond-

ing gameplay. The objective of this research is to

ease the development of Open World Serious Games

also for knowledge domain experts that haven’t had

any programming experience yet. This plugin pro-

vides an XML template to easily manage global vari-

ables, choice of the game plot and the corresponding

solution, data distributions in different POIs (Point

of Interests), management of suspected parameters,

graphic visualization of POI information with the cre-

ation of custom graphic elements, translation of user

interface into different natural languages, manage-

ment of graphic skins, management of the music,

management of the solution of the game (one solution

for each plot), generation of the help of the game, and

the parsing of the XML ﬁle containing parameters of

the game (Carmosino et al., 2017).

Another research is entitled “HPGE: An Haptic

Plugin for Game Engines, Serious Games”. The mo-

tivation behind using haptic feedback in a game is

the educational beneﬁts from the sensory and motor

experience, also active exploration from the player.

Besides, many VR applications have promising force

feedback devices. The objective of this research is

to create a plugin that allows haptic device integra-

tion within Unity3D, because Unity3D does not sup-

port haptic device integration. The features included

in this plugin are drag-and-drop support, Graphi-

cal User Interface (GUI), haptic texture rendering,

custom haptic force-feedback, and device logging.

This plugin has been used in two serious games that

have been developed to teach geometry to children

(Balzarotti and Baud-bovy, 2017).

Another interesting research is “An Unreal En-

gine 4 Plugin to Develop CVE Applications Lever-

aging Participant’s Full Body Tracking Data. Along

with the availability of powerful open-source game

engines, labs that have research in a VR ﬁeld have

been migrated to use game engines, which is a new

development environment that is far more produc-

tive, customizable, extensible, easy-to-use interface,

rich of features, and almost no budget needed, with

the addition of multi-platform development. On the

other side, CVE (Collaborative Virtual Environment)

itself, allows two or more people to work in a vir-

tual working environment to do work that is difﬁcult

to be done by one person. The unique feature that

stands out from CVE is the ability to bring full-body

movement from a person in the real world to the VR.

The objective of this research is to implement a plu-

gin that could manage full-body tracking in a multi-

player CVE network environment in Unreal Engine

4. This plugin features mainly the network communi-

cation plugin and the animation plugin. The network

communication plugin is used to manage the interac-

tion between participants in a network, while the ani-

mation plugin manages the skeletal animation of par-

ticipant’s 3D model in the environment (Luongo and

Leoncini, 2018).

ICoSET 2019 - The Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology

The last reviewed research is entitled “UnrealHap-

tics: A Plugin System for High Fidelity Haptic Ren-

dering in the Unreal Engine”. VR devices have been

more affordable, such as Oculus Rift and HTC Vive.

Modern game engines like Unity and Unreal also

simpliﬁes the VR development process dramatically.

However, these VR devices are only limited to two

types of human sense, vision and hearing. This limits

a large number of people that cannot beneﬁt from VR

contents like the blinds. To overcome this problem, a

haptic device is created, which is to stimulate sense of

touch. Because Unreal Engine does not support hap-

tic device, hence this study is done to create a plugin

for Unreal Engine that allows Unreal Engine to sup-

port haptic devices. This plugin consists of three sep-

arate plugins that support one another. Those plug-

ins are named HAPTICO, COLLETTE, and FORCE-

COMP. HAPTICO is a plugin that enables developers

to use haptic devices directly from Unreal Engine 4

automatically. COLLETTE is the collision detection

plugin that does the collision detection integrated with

the haptic device. FORCECOMP is the plugin used to

calculate force computation needed for the physical

simulation of forces (O. Rudel et al., 2018).

2.1 Tile based Game

Tile has always been popular in the context of 2D

game development, as the reusable terrain element,

that allows bigger terrain construction, which is be-

cause of the size and management issues cannot be

handled with normal bitmaps. This technique is very

popular in the past, but this technique is back in de-

mand in the context of a handheld device. Beside

of that, there is a growing trend towards the revival

of the 2D games with the emphasis on more pop-

ulated terrain, more intelligent actions, stronger ef-

fects, and character design using 3D modeling instru-

ment for 2D games. Tile is a tiny bitmap, usually

16x16 or 32x32 pixels, used as terrain constructing el-

ement. This technique is still used until now, and this

technique offers many beneﬁts for game developers.

Lesser game storage size and faster terrain process-

ing can be achieved because only little information

is needed to be described. Another beneﬁt from this

system is if the developer wants to construct bigger

terrain, developer only had to add new tiles without

designing all bitmap from the beginning. Games that

are using tiles as the basis graphic component within

are called tile-based game (Karouzaki et al., 2007).

Figure 1: Tile-based games 2D (top), and 3D (bottom).

2.2 Game Engine

A game engine represents all basis of a game, provid-

ing functionality to do optimized and efﬁcient graph-

ics rendering, accessing ﬁle system, player inputs

through input devices such as keyboard and mouse,

audio player, network connectivity also saving and

loading game status (Freiknecht et al., 2016).

Game engine is a framework for game develop-

ment that has some core parts, the audio engine, ren-

dering engine, and physics engine. The audio engine

plays a key role in the game. If the player’s charac-

ter is ﬁghting an enemy, and the mechanism uses a

sword, the sword will produce a sound effect while

the sword comes in contact with the enemy’s sword.

That part of the work is done by the audio engine.

Audio engine is also used to play background music

to enhance the atmosphere of the game. Rendering

engine helps to choose what is actually displayed to

the player. The output is a visual treat to the player

while playing the game. Rendering helps to make the

graphical content of the game feels alive. Physics en-

gine helps to simulate physics in the game (Nandy and

Chanda, 2016).

2.3 Unity3D

Unity (also known as Unity3D) is a game engine

and an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Tile-based Game Plugin for Unity Engine

to make interactive media, usually video games. The

Chief Executive Ofﬁcer (CEO) of Unity, David Hel-

gason describes that “Unity is a tool set that used to

make games, and Unity is a technology that executes

graphics, audio, physics, interactions, and network-

ing”. Unity is known by the capability of fast proto-

typing and big amount of publishing target platform

(Karouzaki et al., 2007).

Figure 2: Unity Engine Editor Interface.

2.4 Plugin

Plugin is a binary extension unit that used for ap-

plication which the architecture allows to introduce

functionality to end users after application installa-

tion. Plugin is a software entity that has a close

relation with components. Component-based devel-

opment usually does not consider that components

cannot be added in the application after installation

process. Components usually used to facilitate ap-

plication construction itself (Cervantes and Villalo-

bos, 2006). Plugin is a part of the code that modi-

ﬁes runtime behavior. Language can be considered

as a framework that provides a set of extension parts

which plugins could implement new functionalities to

the language. According to programming language

extension aspects, there are three categories of an ex-

tension part : (1) algorithm related. (2) creation of

new rules and rule execution cycle management and

(3) language syntax related (Cuadrado and Molina,

2006).

2.5 Microsoft Visual Studio 2017

Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 is an integrated devel-

opment environment (IDE) from Microsoft. Visual

Studio is used to develop computer programs such as

websites, web apps, web services, and mobile apps.

The latest version of Visual Studio 2017 has full fea-

tures to develop apps for Android, iOS, Windows,

web and cloud (S. Durano, 2018).

Figure 3: Microsoft Visual Studio IDE Interface.

3 METHODOLOGY

In this section, we detail the research methodology in

this research as depicted in Figure 4.

3.1 Literature Study

This step is done to get knowledge on the theory basis

that are needed to do this research. Literatures that

have been studied in this research is related to tile-

based game, game engine, Unity3D and plugin.

Figure 4: Research methodology.

3.2 Level Editor Design

After the preparations of tools and materials needed,

the next step is to design the level editor. The level

editor will be implemented using a grid system. The

grid will be used to position the tiles. The level editor

itself is described as in Figure 5.

ICoSET 2019 - The Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology

Figure 5: Grids as shown in Unity Editor.

Figure 6: Level editor class diagram.

As shown in Figure 6, the main component of

this system is MyLevelEditor script. MyLevelEditor

script extends the Unity default Editor script to im-

prove Unity’s base editor as shown in the code in Fig-

ure 7. In this script there is OnSceneGUI() method

that used to position the 3D cursor on the grid, and

manages what will happen when mouse is clicked,

moved, dragged, and when mouse is leaving scene

view. Also, there is a Snap method that used to snap

the 3D cursor to the squares in the grid. The Round()

method used to round values needed to snap the 3D

cursor to get the right position.

Afterward there is a script named MyLevel which

is used to contain all properties that can be modiﬁed

and conﬁgured by the developers using this plugin.

These properties will be used in the MyLevelEditor

script. In this script there is only one method, which

named Awake(). This Awake() method is executed in

edit mode to allow editing of properties out of game

runtime.

MyLevel script needs another script named My-

Cursor. Game object that had MyCursor script will

be the 3D cursor in the scene view. MyCursor also

contains conﬁgurations for the color of the 3D cursor.

And then there is a script named MyCursorEdi-

Figure 7: MyLevelEditor extends Unity’s editor script.

tor that used to change the 3D cursor color as in the

conﬁgurations saved in MyCursor script. The color of

the 3D cursor will also change depends on the type of

operation in the MyCursorType enumeration.

3.3 Level Editor Implementation

Level editor that has been designed before will be im-

plemented in Unity. The level editor will be imple-

mented by extending the script named Editor in Unity,

and then adding GUI element in the Unity scene view,

so the developers can add, move also delete objects

that are needed in the level.

3.4 Level Editor Testing

The implemented level editor will be tested, has the

functionalities run as expected. If there are deﬁcien-

cies and bugs, a correction will be made so the func-

tionalities could run as expected.

3.5 Plugin Deployment

After the testing process has done, the plugin will be

deployed to game developers. Game developers could

try all of the features implemented in the plugin using

their own self-made asset. This plugin will be de-

ployed with a user guide and a questionnaire. The

guide will be used to inform developers how exactly

to use this plugin when a questionnaire is used to get

feedbacks from the developers about the performance

of this plugin.

3.6 Result Analysis and Discussion

The result of this research is the questionnaires that

are collected from the game developers that were us-

ing this plugin. From all the scores obtained from the

questionnaire, analysis and conclusion can be made,

is this plugin effective or not to speed up the process

of developing a tile-based game.

Tile-based Game Plugin for Unity Engine

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Graphical User Interface

This level editor implemented using a Unity game ob-

ject. This game object will be placed in a hierarchy

and will appear in the scene view as shown in Figure

8. To create levels, developers have to select the level

editor game object in the hierarchy by clicking it. Af-

terward the level editor can be used freely in the scene

view.

Figure 8: Level editor object named MyLevel in the hierar-

chy.

This game object is called MyLevel. MyLevel has

a child object named Cursor. This Cursor object is

used to be a 3D cursor that will appear in the scene

view to help level editing process. Besides the 3D

cursor, the grid will appear to help game developers to

see the positions that tiles could be added onto. The

position of the tile will be placed exactly above the

square of the grid as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Level editor display in the scene view when

MyLevel object has been selected in the hierarchy.

The 3D cursor can be moved by moving mouse

pointer in the scene view. This 3D cursor will be used

to choose where the added or deleted tile will be in

the scene view.

Later, when MyLevel object is selected in the hier-

archy, a component of the game object will appear in

the inspector, which is the representation of MyLevel

script. In this component, there will be properties to

be conﬁgured freely by the game developers as shown

in Figure 10 and explained in Table 1.

Figure 10: MyLevel game object on the inspector.

All of those properties above could be modiﬁed as

desired by the developers. To add or delete an object,

tile or decoration, game developers may choose op-

eration type in the CursorType property as shown in

Figure 11.

Figure 11: CursorType property display after it has been

clicked on the inspector.

The color of the 3D cursor can change based on

the color conﬁguration in the properties of MyLevel

game object as shown in Figure 12.

After choosing an operation type developers can

add or delete an object, tile or decoration, by click-

ing the 3D cursor on the desired position in the scene

ICoSET 2019 - The Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology

Table 1: Properties from MyLevel script component.

No. Property Name Functionality

1. Tiles Contains the amount and the types of tile objects that can be added

to the scene view.

2. Decors Contains the amount and the types of decoration objects that can be

added to the scene view. These decoration objects will be added

above the exact position of the tiles.

3. Add Tile Color Contains the color of the 3D cursor for the tile addition operation.

4. Delete Tile Color Contains the color of the 3D cursor for the tile deletion operation.

5. Add Decor Color Contains the color of the 3D cursor for the decoration addition op-

eration.

6. Delete Decor Color Contains the color of the 3D cursor for the decoration deletion op-

eration.

7. Cursor Type Contains all types of operation that can be done by the game de-

veloper in the level editor. The color of the 3D cursor will change

correspondingly to the four color properties above.

8. Index Spawn A ﬁeld to choose the index from a tile or decoration that will be

added to the scene view.

view.

Figure 12: 3D cursor color based on operation type, A) Tile

addition, B) Tile deletion, C) Decoration addition, and D)

Decoration deletion.

Without the use of this plugin, game developers

will consume more time creating levels in tile-based

games, because the coordinate of the tiles need to

be conﬁgured for each new tile added to the level.

The coordinate must be perfect in order to make the

tiles not colliding with each other and leaving a small

spaces between tiles. Hence, the tiles will be placed

in a perfect way to create the aesthetic of tile-based

game world. The implementation without the use of

this plugin is shown in Figure 13.

With the use of the plugin, developers will have

their time reduced to create levels, because this plugin

provides a point and click feature on tile operations as

shown in Figure 14.

The same process also applies to deleting tiles.

Without the use of the plugin, tile deletion is done

Figure 13: Coordinate conﬁguration for each new tile added

to the scene view without plugin use.

Figure 14: Point and click feature for adding new tiles to

the scene view using the plugin.

by deleting each tile manually from the hierarchy as

shown in Figure 15.

Meanwhile using the plugin, developers may

choose the tile deletion operation type, then clicking

and dragging on the tiles which they want to delete as

shown in Figure 16.

This plugin only supports 3D tile-based game de-

velopment. But game developers may use it to build

different type and genres of games, because the level

editor is independent with the main game mechanics

and game graphics scripting.

Tile-based Game Plugin for Unity Engine

Figure 15: Deleting tile in the scene view without plugin

usage.

Figure 16: Deleting tiles in the scene view using the plugin.

4.2 Plugin Convenience Test Results

Convenience test has done by ﬁve developers, and

these results have been collected from the question-

naires ﬁlled by each developer. A questionnaire with

a Likert scale is answered based on deﬁned multiple

choice questions, where the answers represent devel-

opers’ rating and opinion of some criteria like sat-

isfaction, agreement, and so forth (Lubiano et al.,

2017). Following (Sagi et al., 2015), the convenience

rate of this plugin from the answers given by respon-

dents is calculated by the formula below:

ConvenienceRate(%) =

AverageScore

IdealScore

× 100% (1)

The average score is calculated by the formula be-

low:

AverageScore =

TotalScore

AmountO f Questions

(2)

Table 4 shows the plugin convenience test results

according to Likert scale calculation.

The plugin convenience test has the results as

shown in Table 4. In the ﬁrst question, it can be seen

that there is one person chose the “Neutral” choice

with the score of three points, three people chose the

“Agree” choice with the score of four points and one

person chose the “Very Agree” choice with the score

of ﬁve points. Thereafter the total choice of the re-

spondents will be multiplied by the score of their

choices, resulting in a total score for the ﬁrst ques-

tion equals to 20 points. This total score will be used

Table 2: Likert scale.

No. Category Score

1. Very Agree (VA) 5

2. Agree (A) 4

3. Neutral (N) 3

4. Disagree (D) 2

5. Very Disagree (SD) 1

Table 3: Convenient rate.

No. Category Score

1. Very Inconvenient 0%-19.99%

2. Inconvenient 20%-39.99%

3. Slightly Convenient 40%-59.99%

4. Convenient 60%-79.99%

5. Very Convenient 80%-100%

to calculate the plugin convenience rate for the ﬁrst

question by dividing total score with the number of re-

spondents equals to ﬁve and then multiplied by 100%,

resulting in 80% of convenience rate for the ﬁrst ques-

tion. According to the Likert scale that has been de-

signed as shown in Table 4, then the category of 80%

rate of convenience is “Very Convenient”. The calcu-

lations will be the same for the next question until the

last question. Afterward the total score and the con-

venience rate of each question will be averaged, re-

sulting in the ﬁnal plugin convenience rate of 77,7%.

According to the Likert scale, this results in the cate-

gory of “Convenient”.

5 CONCLUSION

This plugin is made to ease the development of tile-

based game on Unity game engine. This plugin has

the ability to point and click tile level editing di-

rectly in the scene view, also supporting custom tiles

made by developers to be used along with this plu-

gin. With this plugin, game developers who want to

develop tile-based game don’t have to deal with the

time-consuming tile conﬁguration for each new tile

added to the scene and also manual tile deletion on

the scene view. Hence, this plugin creates the op-

portunity for game developers to create levels larger

in scale than before, because of how time-saving it

is. This plugin has been tested by ﬁve game devel-

opers with experience in game development. Results

as shown in results and discussion, the convenience

of this plugin is rated “Convenience” with an average

percentage of 77.7%.

ICoSET 2019 - The Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology

Table 4: Plugin convenience test result.

No Statement

Total Answer

Total Score %

VD D N A VA

1. 3D cursor controls are very convenient. 1 3 3 20 80

2. Operation type selection for tile and deco-

ration objects is very convenient.

2 2 1 19 76

3. Adding tiles and decorations to the scene

view is very convenient.

1 1 3 22 88

4. Deleting tiles and decorations from the

scene view is very convenient.

1 1 3 22 88

5. Choosing colors for every 3D cursor type

is very convenient.

1 2 2 21 84

6. Adding new types of tile and decoration to

the inspector is very convenient.

2 2 1 19 76

7. Adding new types of tile and decoration to

the scene view is very convenient.

3 1 1 13 52

Total 136

Average 19,4 77,7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author would like to thank the developers in-

volved in the plugin convenience test for their support

and honest feedback throughout the execution of this

research.

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Tile-based Game Plugin for Unity Engine