Relation of Forest Stands to Availability of Secondary Metabolite

Content in the Land

(A Case Study on HPHTI PT Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk.)

Simon H. Sidabukke

, Ternala Alexander Barus

, Budi Utomo

, Delvian

and Mona Fhitri Srena

Student of Doctorate Degree in Natural and Environmental Resources Management, Graduate School, Universitas

Sumatera Utara. Jl. Sivitas Akademika No.9 Kampus USU, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Biology Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Bioteknologi No.1 Kampus

USU, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1 Kampus USU, Medan 20155, North

Sumatra, Indonesia.

serenaharahap11@gmail.com

Keywords: Secondary metabolites, Eucalyptus, Industrial Plantation Forest

Abstract: This research was carried out in the stands of Eucalyptus plantations and stands of natural forests in the

concession area of PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk, Aek Nauli Plantation. The research was carried out by

purposive sampling method of soil sampling at the research sites which were considered representative of

all locations involving Eucalyptus Sp planted in 2012, 2014 and 2016, located on slope 0 - 25%, and slope

>25% with distance taking soil samples from Eucalyptus Sp 0 - 50 cm, 50 - 100 cm and 100 - 150 cm) with

3 replications in industrial plantations and natural forests of protected areas. The analysis result using soil

samples by screening method (qualitative) demonstrated that the chemical content of secondary metabolites

available in the forest consisted of alkaloid, terpenoids, and saponin, whereas those that were available in

the plantation forest were only terpenoid and saponin. And there were three kinds of metabolites found in

the protected areas; they were alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin. Alkaloids were found in flat slope which

distance was 50 cm from the trees, Terpenoids were found in flat and tilted slope which distance was 50 cm

and 100 cm from the trees.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is one of the centers of diversity of the

world's biological resources which is concentrated in

the tropics, namely tropical rainforest area. Has a

wealth of abundant biological resources and rank in

a second place after Brazil and has the third largest

area of tropical forest after Brazil and Zaire. (Myers,

1980; Whitmore, 1990).

The changes in land use / land cover are

important causes of loss of biodiversity. Habitat loss

is one of the important factors causing the global

biodiversity crisis (Sala et al, 2000).

Secondary metabolites are produced through

secondary reaction of primary metabolites

(ingredients primary organic) such as carbohydrates,

fats,and protein. Living things can produce

secondary organic material (secondary metabolites)

or natural materials through secondary reactions

from primary organic matter (seeds, fats, proteins).

This secondary organic material (secondary

metabolite) is the end result of a consultation

process. This material also discusses physiological

processes. Secondary organic matter can be divided

into three major groups, namely: phenolic, alkaloid

and terpenoid, but pigments and porphyrins are also

included (Ergina et al, 2014).

Secondary metabolites in the form of allelopathy

is an event where an individual plant produces

chemicals and can inhibit the growth of other

species that grow competing with these plants. This

term began to be used by Molisch in 1937 which

was interpreted as the negative influence of a high

level of plant species on germination, growth, and

fertilization of other species found in plant tissues,

such as leaves, roots, aromas, flowers, fruits and

seeds. issued in the form of plant residues.

168

Sidabukke, S., Barus, T., Utomo, B., Delvian, . and Srena, M.

Relation of Forest Stands to Availability of Secondary Metabolite Content in the Land (A Case Study on HPHTI PT Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk.).

DOI: 10.5220/0008550101680170

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology (ICONART 2019), pages 168-170

ISBN: 978-989-758-404-6

Allelopathy is a direct or indirect influence of a

plant on other including microorganisms both

positive and stimulating, as well as negative or

inhibition of growth, through the release of chemical

compounds to their environment (Batish et al 2007).

The effect of allelopathy can be used as a factor that

influences changes in the composition of weed

species (understorey), affects plant growth and

yields, and as a tool for weed management

(Zimdahl, 2007).

To find out the source of chemical compounds

secondary metabolites as well as preliminary

research in relation to further research to find out the

chemical compounds affect the presence of

understorey diversity in Eucalyptus plantations, it is

necessary to study the content of chemical

compounds of secondary metabolites (alelopathy) on

the soil of Eucalyptus and without Eucalyptus.

2 MATERIAL AND METHOD

This research was carried out at Estate A, Aek Nauli

Sector, PT Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk, Simalungun

Regency, North Sumatra, with coordinates 2 ° 40 '00

"LU - 2 ° 50' 00" LU and 98 ° 50 '00 "BT - 99 ° 10

'00 "BT. Has climate type A with annual rainfall

ranging from 1,554 mm to 2,155 mm.

The highest monthly rainfall of 293 mm occurs

in November and the lowest of 68 mm occurs in

June. The research area based on the climate

classification Schdemidt and Fergusson (1951) has

climate type A (Very wet) with rainfall (on average)

150 mm, the highest month in March and the lowest

in February. This research starts from October to

December 2018.

This research was conducted with an initial

survey consisting of soil samples in plantations and

natural forests (protected areas) with purposive

representation methods in each planting year with 3

replications on the basis of:

1. Plant age, with 3 replications they are 2 years of

plant life in 2016, 4 years of plant life in 2014

and 6 years of plant life in 2012.

2. Slope, Flat 0 - 25% and above slope 25%.

3. The distance of trees to samples is 50-50 cm, 50-

100 cm and 100-150 cm.

Soil samples obtained from industrial plantations

and natural forests (protected areas) were then

analyzed at the Laboratory of Biological Materials

for Nature. Faculty of Math and Sience,University of

North Sumatra.

The tools used for observation were a Map of

Work Area of PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Estate Aek

Nauli, hoes, plastic 2 kg, GPS, topographic map,

permanent markers and tally sheet.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results of the analysis of soil samples showed

that the distribution of secondary metabolic

chemical content was:

1. Eucalyptus Plantation Forest Area

a. There are terpenoids in Eucalyptus 2 years old

at a distance of 50 cm (flat) and 100 cm (flat)

distance from the tree.

b. There are terpenoids in 4 years old Eucalyptus

at a distance of 50 cm from the tree with a flat

topography.

c. There are terpenoids in Eucalyptus 6 years old

at a distance of 150 cm from the tree, sloping

topography and spaced saponins 150 cm from

the tree with sloping topography.

2. Natural Forests (Protected Areas).

a. There are terpenoids with a distance of 150 cm

from the tree, and saponins with a distance of

150 cm from the tree, each in the topography

flat.

b. There are alkaloids and terpenoids and saponi

with a distance of 50 cm from the trees, each

on a sloping topography.

c. There are alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins

with a distance of 100 cm from each tree on a

sloping topography.

The results of soil analysis showed the presence

of secondary metabolic chemicals (secondary

metabolites = alelopathy) both in natural forests

designated as protected areas and in plantations of

Eucalyptus Sp. This condition can raise the question

of whether the secondary metabolic chemical

compounds present in Eucalyptus plantations are

residues or residues sourced from natural forests.

For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the

implementation of land clearing and the process of

planting Eucalyptus Sp. Leaching of chemical

secondary metabolites has occurred. Secondary

metabolites that exist in natural forests are left in the

soil where Eucalyptus grows. It can occur when the

land clearing and planting process (leaching) are

small but generally with a secondary metabolic

leaching process that has been washed in extreme

can be lost / totally washed.

Secondary metabolic chemistry in Eucalyptus Sp

plantations is the result of chemical processes in

litter of Eucalyptus plants where this situation is

supported by several previous studies which stated

Relation of Forest Stands to Availability of Secondary Metabolite Content in the Land (A Case Study on HPHTI PT Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk.)

169

allelopathy (secondary metabolic) in Eucalyptus

leaves as in the results of Audina, M. (2017). The

leaves of Pelita Eucalyptus has a potential to be used

as bioherbicide because it contains allelopathic

substances to suppress the growth of the number of

weed leaves of Cyperus bravefolius and Eleusine

indica, damaging the weeds of Asystasia intrusa,

Borreria alata, Cyperus bravefolius and Eleusine

indica. Ayepola And Adeniyi (2008), states that the

Eucalyptus Pelita is a family of Myrtaceae which

contains secondary metabolite compounds in the

form of tannins, saponins, phenols and glycos.

Woody plants reported as allelopathic include

Eucalyptus (Junaedi et all, 2009 in Audina M. 2017).

The leaves of Eucalyptus Sp also contain

allelochemical terpenoids and contain active

compounds such as phenols which can inhibit

germination and early stages of plant growth (Gracia

et al., 2008).

This study shows that secondary metabilit

compounds in Eucalyptus Sp plantations are the

result of chemical processes such as from

Eucalyptus Sp litter, because leaching has resulted in

the loss of chemical secondary metabolites from

natural forests.

4 CONCLUSION

The chemical content of secondary metabolites from

the quality test results found in the place of

Eucalyptus in the form of terpenoids and saponins

while in natural forests in the form of terpenoids,

saponins and alkaloids.

This study shows that secondary metabolite

compounds in Eucalyptus Sp plantations are the

result of chemical processes such as from

Eucalyptus Sp litter, because leaching has resulted in

the loss of chemical secondary metabolites from

natural forests.

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