Diversity of Waterbirds and Their Status in Batubara District

Hasri Abdillah

1,2

, Hanifah Mutia Z. N. Amrul

, Ferdinand Susilo

and Ananda Utama

Pilar Indonesia, Kampung Kolam, Medan, Indonesia

Aceh Birder, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Gg. Rasmi No.12 Medan, Indonesia

Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan, Indonesia

Universitas Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Waterbirds, Conservation, Status, Research

Abstract: Research on the diversity of waterbirds at Batubara Regency was carried out from October 2017 to April

2018. The study aimed to determine types of waterbirds found in Batubara Regency and their status in nature.

The method used was roaming method. Research location was determined by the purposive sampling method.

The observation area was in villages of Durian, Medang, Pematang Nibung, Kuala Tanjung Indah, Durian,

Mesjid Lama, Lalang, and Kelurahan Bogak in coastal areas (mudflat), mangroves, ponds, swamps, and rice

fields. The results found 49 waterbird species with 8 families consisted of Rallidae, Recurvirostridae,

Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, Laridae, Phalacrocoracidae, Ciconiidae, and Ardeidae. The dominant family is

Scolopacidae with 20 species. A total of 33 species are migratory waterbirds and 16 species are residents

waterbirds, 13 species are globally threatened waterbirds based on the IUCN red list criteria, namely 4 species

are endangered/threatened, 1 species vulnerable, 8 species near/near threatened and 36 species others are low

risk. Based on the CITES criteria, 2 waterbird species are included in Appendix I. A total of 20 species are

waterbirds protected by law Republic of Indonesia.

1 INTRODUCTION

The eastern coast of North Sumatera has an important

role as a habitat for various types of waterbirds. The

region is also known as regional transit (stopover

areas) for waterbirds migrating for doing a migration

from breeding areas in different parts of the earth

north (Russia, China, Siberia, and Alaska) that the

conditions of the season cold to parts of the earth

south which is warmer. Because functions are, then in

the year 2001 Birdlife International set the region is

as Region Important Bird (Important Bird Areas -

IBAS) with criteria A1 and A4i. Criteria A1 explains

that this location Meru p will be the area that is

regularly visited by the endangered species globally

or species of concern to the global conservation, and

criteria A4i means that the location is known or

suspected to be capable of accommodating regularly

>1% biogeography of waterbird populations.

Development in the eastern coastal area of North

Sumatera continues and mostly utilizes mangrove

forest areas, resulting in the conversion of mangrove

forests to become residential, industrial, aquaculture,

rice fields, tourist areas, and even palm oil

plantations. Based on data from the North Sumatera

Environmental Agency (BLH), nearly 90 percent of

the mangrove forest area on the east coast of North

Sumatera was damaged. Damage to mangrove forests

has occurred in almost all districts on the east coast of

North Sumatera with levels of damage generally

above 60%, even in Asahan District reaching 89%.

The biggest cause of damage to mangrove land has

been converted into plantation and pond areas.

The enormous damage to mangrove land will

have an impact, either directly or indirectly, on the

life of various organisms around it, including water

birds. Damage to mangroves will result in habitats for

organisms such as birds, which will reduce the

population of waterbirds. The incessant planting of

mangroves in coastal areas (mudflat) without paying

attention to their functions and benefits for

waterbirds, is feared that will also result in reduced

foraging for waterbirds, especially migratory birds,

which rely heavily on mudflat areas as a foraging

area. Apart from that, hunting is also one of the

biggest threats to the sustainability of waterbirds in

North Sumatera. Therefore, this research was

conducted to obtain more complete current data on

Abdillah, H., Amrul, H., Susilo, F. and Utama, A.

Diversity of Waterbirds and Their Status in Batubara Distr ict.

DOI: 10.5220/0010612400002775

In Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath 2019), pages 529-533

ISBN: 978-989-758-556-2

529

waterbirds, especially the type of data and its

distribution, especially on the east coast of the

batubara regency where data on waterbirds are still

very minimal. From this data, it is hoped that later

efforts can be made to preserve and protect the birds

in this area.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

This waterbird research has carried out for 5 months,

starting with preparations in November 2017

including preparing a schedule, collecting tools,

compiling tally sheets, designing research activities,

and others. Field activities and data collection were

carried out in December 2017, January 2018, March

2018, and May 2018.

Data was collected by the survey method at all

predetermined locations. For habitat types that do not

allow physical exploration, scanning data is collected

(overall observation) of the habitat from one point of

view (Bibby et al. 1992). The research location was

determined by a purposive sampling method, namely

based on the locations which are the habitat of water

birds. A total of 8 villages have been visited, namely

Durian, Pematang Nibung, Medang, Lalang, Kuala

Tanjung Indah, Perupuk, Mesjid Lama, and Bogak

Villages. Field data collection was carried out 4

times, namely:

 Observation I : 10 - 21 December 2017,

 Observation II : 2 - 13 January 2018,

 Observation III : 12 - 23 March 2018,

 Observation IV : 2 - 13 May 2018

This research begins with an overview of the

location and meetings with government officials in

each village in order to convey the objectives of the

activities to be carried out as well as asking

permission to carry out research activities in their

village. Furthermore, observation and data collection

of the water birds were carried out. Observations were

made in locations that are habitats and places for

feeding water birds, such as coastal areas (mudflat),

mangroves, ponds, swamps, and rice fields.

Identification of bird species found refers to the

guidebook of Eaton et al. (2016); Hayman et al.

(1986); MacKinnon et al. (2010); and Sonobi and

Usui (1993).

Table 1: Location and observation points

Location Name Habitat Type

Coordinate

point

Durian Village ( White Sand Bea

ch )

beach

( mudflat ),

ponds

and mangrov

3 °

2 4 ' 12 "N ,

99 ° 2 1 '

5 4 " E

Pematang Nibung Village (Surya

Baru Beach)

beach

( mudflat ),

ponds and

rice fields

3 ° 23'54

"N , 99 °

22'5" E

Medang Village beach

( mudflat ),

ponds

and mangrov

3 °

23 '33 "N , 9

9 ° 2 3 ' 32 "

Lalang Village (Sujono Beach) beach

( mudflat )

and river

bank ( river

bank )

3 ° 23'14

"N , 99 °

25'0" E

Desa Kuala Tanjung

Indah ( Turkish Kuala Tanjung In

dah)

beach

( mudflat )

and

mangroves

3 ° 20'54

"N , 99 °

28'23" E

Perupuk Village (Historical

Beach)

beach

( mudflat )

and

mangroves

3 ° 16'5 "N,

99 ° 31'49" E

Old Mesjid Village (Pantai

Bunga)

beach

( mudflat )

and ponds

3 ° 14'16 "N,

99 ° 33'34" E

Bogak Village ( Bogak Beach ) beach

( mudflat )

and

mangroves

3 ° 14'16 "N,

99 ° 33'34" E

Figure 1: Research location of Batubara Regency

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of research and data collection that have

carried out for 4 months, found as many as 49 water

bird species with 8 families, namely Rallidae,

Recurvirostridae, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae,

Laridae, Phalacrocoracidae, Ciconiidae and

IMC-SciMath 2019 - The International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath)

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Ardeidae. The family that dominates because it has

the most number of species found is Scolopacidae

with 20 species (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Species of birds that found in each family

Figure 2 showed that the Scolopacidae family has

the largest number of species consisted of 20 species.

This bird species found was consistent to Howes et al.

(2003) that these families were the most diverse

species in the shorebird group. The birds are long-

distance adventurers/migrants, they breed in the north

and migrate to the south during winter. Our results

were in concordance to Putera et al. (2014) that in the

Wonorejo Conservation area there are many species

Scolopacidae family and their presence in nature was

closely related to human activities around the area.

The birds species were found in each location or

village is not much different, 9 species of which are

scattered and found throughout the research location,

namely Cerekpasir Besar, Trinil Bedaran, Trinil

Pantai, Gajahan Besar (Eurasia), Daralaut Ordinary,

Bangau Bluwok, Cangak Besar, Little Herons, and

Kokokan Laut. Besides, the number of species found

at each location varies considerably. The location

with the most waterbird species found was in Durian

Village with 40 species, and the second most was

Lalang Village with 38 species.

Consecutively, the number of species found in

each location, from the highest to the lowest were as

follows: Kuala Tanjung Indah Village found 36

species, Pematang Nibung Village and Mesjid Lama

were found 30 species, Perupuk Village found 27

species and Kelurahan Bogak found 24 species.There

are 7 species of waterbirds found in only one location,

namely the Anarhynchus peronii and the Tringa

brevipes found only in Durian Village. The

Charadrius dubius, Calidris alba and Calidris

pugnax were found only in Lalang Village.

Furthermore, Egretta eulophotes were only found

in the Old Mosque and Nycticorax nycticorax was

only found in Pematang Nibung Village.

The most birds species found were endangered

species and listed in the IUCN red list and CITES

Appendices. in addition to protected by law in

Indonesia (Appendix 1). Based on the IUCN red list,

there are 4 species categorized as endangered, such as

Tringa guttifer, Calidris tenuirostris), Numenius

madagascariensis, dan Mycteria cinerea. One

species is included in vulnerable namely Egretta

eulophotes). Eight species are included in the near

threatened category, namely Anarhynchus peronii,

Tringa brevipes, Calidris ruficollis, Calidris

ferruginea, Limnodromus semipalmatus, Limosa

limosa, Limosa lapponica, and Numenius arquata. 36

other species still have Least Concern (LC). Trinil

Nordmann’s dan Bangau Bluwok are also species that

are included in Appendix I CITES (Table 2, Figure

3).

Regarding the protection and conservation of

animals, especially birds that apply in the Republic of

Indonesia, there are 3 laws (and applicable

regulations, namely Law No.5 of 1990 concerning

Conservation of Living Natural Resources and their

Ecosystems, Government Regulation No.7 years

1999 concerning the Preservation of Plant and

Animal Species and Regulation of the Minister of

Environment and Forestry No.20 of 2018 concerning

protected types of plants and animals. Based on the

three laws, there are 20 protected species in

Indonesia, namely Himantopus himantopus, Vanellus

cinereus, Tringa guttifer, Limnodromus

semipalmatus, Numenius phaeopus, Numenius

madagascariensis, Numenius arquata, Sternula

albifrons, Gelochelidon nilotica, Chlidonias

leucopterus, Chlidonias hybridus, Sterna sumatrana,

Sterna hirundo, Thalasseus bengalensis, Mycteria

cinerea, Ardea ibis, Casmerodius modestus,

Mesophoyx intermedia, Egretta eulophotes, and

Egretta garzetta.

Based on the classification, migratory waterbirds

and resident waterbirds, as many as 33 species of

migratory waterbirds that originate and breed in the

northern hemisphere and migrate to the southern

hemisphere every year, and as many as 16 species are

resident aquatic birds that breed and spend their entire

lives in the territory of Indonesia.

Diversity of Waterbirds and Their Status in Batubara District

531

Table 2: Types and status of the waterbirds that found

Local name

Status

IUCN CITES UU M/R

Kareo Padi LC - - R

Gagangbayam

ala-

utih

LC - ABC R

Cerek Kernyut LC - - M

Cerek Besar LC - - M

Trulek Kelabu LC - C M

Cerekpasir Mongolia LC - - M

Cerekpasir Besar LC - - M

Cerek Melayu NT - - M

Cerek Kalung-kecil LC - - M

Trinil Bedaran LC - - M

Trinil Pantai LC - - M

Trinil Ekor-kelabu NT - - M

Trinil Kaki-hijau LC - - M

Trinil Nordmann’s EN App I ABC M

Trinil Rawa LC - - M

Trinil Kaki-merah LC - - M

Trinil Pembalik-batu LC - - M

Kedidi Besar EN - - M

Kedidi Putih LC - - M

Kedidi Leher-merah NT - - M

Kedidi Golgol NT - - M

Kedidi Paruh-lebar LC - - M

Trinil Rumbai LC - - M

Trinillumpur Asia NT - ABC M

Birulaut Ekor-hitam NT - - M

Birulaut Ekor-blorok NT - - M

Gajahan Penggala LC - ABC M

Gajahan Timur EN - ABC M

Gajahan Erasia NT - ABC M

Daralaut Kecil LC - ABC R

Daralaut Tiram LC - AB M

Daralaut Sayap-putih LC - AB M

Daralaut Kumis LC - AB M

Daralaut Tengkuk-

hita

LC - ABC R

Daralaut Biasa LC - ABC M

Daralaut Benggala LC - ABC M

Pecukpadi Kecil LC - - R

Bangau Bluwok EN App I ABC R

Bambangan Kuning LC - - R

Bambangan Merah LC - - R

Kuntul Kerbau LC - AB R

Cangak Besar LC - ABC R

Kuntul Perak LC - AB R

Cangak Abu LC - - R

Cangak Merah LC - - R

Kuntul Cina VU - ABC M

Kuntul Kecil LC - AB R

Kokokan Laut LC - - R

Kowakmalam Abu LC - - R

 Status: describes the status of protection and the level

of threat of extinction globally as well as the types of

migrants or residents

 IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature

and Natural Resources), threat status based on IUCN

redlist: EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; NT =

Near Threatened; dan LC = Least Concern

 CITES (Convention On International Trade In

Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna And Flora); App I

(Appendix I) contains a list of attachment and protects

all species of wild plants and animals that are threatened

from all forms of commercial international trade.

 The Status of Protection and Conservation in the laws

of the Republic of Indonesia A = UU No.5 Tahun 1990;

B = PP No.7 Tahun 1999; C = Permen LHK No P.20

Tahun 2018 (UU = Undang-undang; PP = Peraturan

Pemerintah; Permen LHK = Regulation of the minister

of Environment and forestry).

M = migratory waterbirds; R = resident waterbirds

Figure 3: Global threat status for waterbirds encountered

There are 4 families which are groups of

migratory waterbirds and are dominated by the

Scolopacidae (20 species), then the Charadriidae (7

species), Laridae (5 species), and the Ardeidae (1

species) family. These results indicate that all

members of the Scolopacidae and Charadriidae

families are migratory species. Meanwhile, those

included in the resident aquatic bird group are

dominated by the Ardeidae family (10 species), then

the Laridae family (2 species), and others each only

consisting of 1 species, namely the Rallidae,

Recurvirostridae, Phalacrocoracidae, and Ciconiidae

families. Previous research on the existence of

migratory waterbirds by Crossland et al. (2009) in the

Asahan area found 23 migratory waterbirds. In

addition, Putra et al. (2017) also found as many as 30

species of migratory birds on the coast of Deli

Serdang.

4 CONCLUSION

There were 49 types of waterbirds in the Batubara

Regency which were grouped into 8 families, namely:

841

LC NT EN VU

NumberofSpecies

ThreatStatus

IMC-SciMath 2019 - The International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath)

532

Rallidae, Recurvirostridae, Charadriidae,

Scolopacidae, Laridae, Phalacrocoracidae,

Ciconiidae, and Ardeidae.

A total of 33 species are migratory waterbirds and

16 species are resident birds, 13 of which are globally

threatened waterbirds according to the IUCN Red

List, namely 4 species with endangered status

(Endangered) 1 species vulnerable (Vulnerable), 8

species close to / almost threatened (Near Threatened)

and 36 low-risk species (Least Concern). Based on

CITES, there are 2 species of water birds that are

included in Appendix I, and as many as 20 species are

water birds that are protected by law in the Republic

of Indonesia.

Use 15-point type for the title, aligned to the

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style and initial letters capitalized. No formulas or

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Words like “is”, “or”, “then”, etc. should not be

capitalized unless they are the first word of the title.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author would like to thank Nagao Natural

Environment Foundation (NEF) for funding this

research as well as to the community and local

government of Batubara Regency who has provided

support in this activity.

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