Identification of Coastal Problem along the East Coast of Lampung

Indonesia

Trika Agnestasia Tarigan

, Nanda Nurisman

and Nirmawana Simarmata

Department of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia

Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia

Keywords: Coastal Problem, East Coast, South Lampung.

Abstract: The dynamics of nature occurring in recent years, as well as climate change and the increasingly severe

pressures of humans have had a noticeable impact on the coastal conditions. This research aims to present the

results of identification of various damages that occurred along the East Coast of South Lampung Regency of

Lampung Province with the method of field surveys through observation, measurement, study of supporting

data and previous research. This study was conducted with several activities, namely field observation,

interviews and documentation of conditions for damage to coastal areas. The final result of this identification

is to describe: (a) the type of damage occurring; (b) Cause of damage; (c) The impact of any damages incurred;

(d) Alternative countermeasures; and (e) The location coordinates are damaged. The results showed that the

sedimentation process and damage to coastal structures occurred at the location of Ketapang Laut village.

Sedimentation also occurs in the estuary of Ketapang Laut village of South Lampung to cause the presence

of land arises, the sediment of river estuary and the coastline. Another problem is the decrease of mangrove

forest area which is one caused by the opening of the area to be used as shrimp pond.

1 INTRODUCTION

The problem of coastal areas is a condition that inflict

damage to coastal areas caused by natural processes

or caused by human activities. The factors that cause

damage to coastal areas can naturally come from the

influence of the hydro-oceanographic processes

occurring in the sea that can cause waves to wave,

resulting in sedimentary transport, changes in current

patterns, tidal variations, and climate change (Fadilah

et all, 2013).

Some locations along the coast are damaged,

especially in physical forms such as coastal line

changes, either abrasion/erosion and accretion/

sedimentation. East Coast of South Lampung

Province is one of the coastal areas that is not

separated from the general problems of the beach is

erosion and sedimentation. The change of coastline is

a process that lasts continuously through a variety of

processes both erosion (abrasion) and additions

(accretion) resulting from the movement of coastal

sediments, longshore current, wave action and land

use (Arief et. al., 2011).

Coastal erosion is a result of human activities and

natural environment changes making the coastal

dynamic action (wave, current, wind) lose balance in

the coastal process, and the long-term loss of

sediments of coastal zone results in the destruction

process of coastline retreat and beach erosion (Yin-

can, 2017). Accretion or sedimentation is the siltation

or addition of coastal land due to the deposition of

sediment brought by sea water. The sedimentation

process can take place naturally from the

sedimentation process and freshwater flow, as well as

those caused by land-based human activities such as

deforestation and pollution. Moreover, accretion can

also harm the coastal community, because in addition

to influencing the stabilization of the coastline,

accretion can also cause the traffic to the river estuary

where the ship and the boat.

Coastal damage can be assessed objectively by

using special criteria for coastal damage assessment.

Based on the SE KEMENPUPR No. 08/SE/M/2010 it

is written that the criteria of damage to the coast used

is divided into 3 (three) kinds such as the criteria of

coastal environmental damage, erosion criteria and

building damage and sedimentation criteria.

This research aims to present the results of

identifying various damages that occurred along the

east coast of South Lampung Regency with the

138

Tarigan, T., Nurisman, N. and Simarmata, N.

Identiﬁcation of Coastal Problem along the East Coast of Lampung Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0010059201380142

In Proceedings of the 7th International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environmental and Natural Disaster Management (ISOCEEN 2019), pages 138-142

ISBN: 978-989-758-516-6

method of surveying the survey through observation,

measurement, study of supporting data and previous

research.

2 METHODOLOGY

The data collected consists of primary data and

secondary data. Primary Data was obtained using a

survey method through field observation, deep

interview with several respondents selected purposive

and incidental at the location of coastal areas and

damage documentation along the coastal areas. The

data collection instruments used in this study are

questionnaire, interview guidelines and cameras.

Secondary Data is obtained using the literature study

method.

The scope of the damage surveyed is all damages

in the east Coast region of South Lampung Regency

Lampung Province which can be observed and

identified directly without requiring advanced

analysis/analysis of laboratories (in this case the

survey conducted excluding underwater ecosystems

such as coral reefs and seagrass).

A large survey conducted to observe the damage

occurring along the coast, especially the region in the

coastal areas in South Lampung regency. The final

result of this identification can describe: (a) the type

of damage occurring in an area or coastal location;

(b) Causes of damage in an area or coastal location;

incurred in an area or coastal location;

(d) Damage/rehabilitation alternative to damaged

coastal areas; and (e) the location of details (location

coordinates) of the coastal areas that have been

damaged. To analyze the data already obtained used

a descriptive analysis method.

2.1 Area of Study

This research was conducted along the east coast of

South Lampung Regency, Lampung province. Live

observation at the research site is done by going down

the east Coast along + 17 km in 1 (one) sub- district

that is Ketapang which is one of the sub- district close

to the access to the road of Bangun Rejo, shown on

Figure 1.

2.2 Field Surveys

Collection of research data was conducted in May

2019 by walking through the beach using GPS, digital

photos, and video cameras as well as conducting an

interview method directly with the community in the

Figure 1: Area of study.

settlement along the coast. The results of this

observation are also supported with secondary data in

the form of the previous research, namely hydro-

oceanographic data that includes wind data, wave

data, sediment data, bathymetry data as well as

various maps and other data needed as map

topography, administration, land use, population data

and so on that has been obtained from related

agencies.

3 RESULTS

The process of sedimentation and damage to this

coastal structure occurred at the location of Ketapang

Laut village. The location of the sedimentation beach

is one of the locations that belong to the East Coast

region of Lampung province South Lampung and is

located at the location of the coordinates 5

44’26.05

"S and 105

47 ' 48.21" E shown on Figure 2.

Based on information obtained from the previous

study obtained information from the Pekerjaan

Proyek Pesisir (1998) that the beach is experiencing

sedimentation process and this process tends to be

found many along the east Coast region of Lampung

province. This is because there are many large river

estuary along the coastal areas so that the source of

sediment comes from the mud that is carried away

from the upstream area and precipitates in the estuary.

In addition to the sedimentation problem the field

survey results also showed that the sedimentation

process that occurs constantly causes damage to

Identiﬁcation of Coastal Problem along the East Coast of Lampung Indonesia

139

Figure 2: Sedimentation and coastal structure damages.

coastal structure. This type of coastal structure is

revetment. Revetment is a coastal structure that is

built on coastline and is used to protect the coast of

Dai wave attacks and runoff waves (overtopping) to

the ground (Triatmodjo, 2012). Revetment has a

sloped side and can be made from a pile of rocks or

bronzes, making it more flexible and adapts to the

scours at the foot of the building. The revetment that

functioned as a coastal protective structure was

damaged because of the buildup of sediment in the

concrete pile that formed the presence of new land. If

it is reviewed based on the characteristic of the east

coast of Lampung province that has the same

characteristics as the north coast of Java (Sulaiman,

2018) that the coastal area is characterized by the low

slope of the mud and swamp overgrown mangrove

and has a very fine grain size, it is very possible once

the dominant sedimentation process occurs in this

location. The condition of the beach with muddy

characteristics is also very related to the wave energy

is verylow, but the tide is greater. Based on the results

of the research conducted by Tarigan et al. (2020) that

the East Coast of South Lampung has a characteristic

wave height which ranges from 0.36 m-2.57 m. East

coast of South Lampung Regency that has a character

sedimentary mud affects the sediment process that

tends to undergo sedimentation process in the coastal

area (Tarigan et al., 2020).

The process of in the village of Ketapang Laut

South Lampung District, this led to the presence of

land arising causing the increase of river estuary and

the coastline. The ignition of the estuary that occurs

can clog the stream, pollution, the fishing vessel

traffic at low tide and on the other side when the tide

can cause the widespread water over the bank.

People in the village of Ketapang Laut South

Lampung District overcome the blockage of the river

by doing simple dredging such as making a hole that

(a)

(b)

Figure 3: (a) and (b) Sedimentation.

functions to drain the flow of the river to the beach

that shown on Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b).

Based on the condition of the field obtained

information that if not in the rainy weather conditions,

the river discharge is relatively small so that the

current speed is not able to erosion. The deposition to

a clever consequence of the river estuary completely

covered sedimentary deposits.

This location is very close to the residential area

of residents and also the processing place of salty fish

that have waste, under certain conditions some

residents who live around the area is disturbed by a

puddle that sometimes carries a waste of salty fish

processing that creates unpleasant odor so that the

citizens will be able to join the place in the mouth-

mouth of the river, especially the stream is small.

To solve the problem, it is necessary to do the

treatment to take the entry of sediment to the estuary

of the river. The bank's estuary management strategy

can be determined where the sedimentation of the

ISOCEEN 2019 - The 7th International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environmental and Natural Disaster Management

140

river mouth is the simplest and least inexpensive

alternative handling (Triatmodjo, 1999). Dredging

can be done at the beginning of the rainy season,

either by mutual assistance by local residents or by

using the help of heavy equipment if possible in the

way of inspection. To get the maximum flow, a large

volume of dredging is required. The difficulty of this

alternative is the re-enlarger groove that is completed

scraped, especially when the wave with greater

energy and also if the interval between the completion

of dredging with the advent of the first flood is still

long enough, so that the groove that has been dredge

will be closed back by deposits. Triatmodjo (1999)

states that when dredging is done by mutual

assistance, the population can choose the thinnest and

most narrow deposits to be scraped on downstream

turns. The purpose is the River estuary remains

turned, so the discharge capacity of the addressing is

reduced.

The decrease of mangrove forest land cover that

occurred in the coastal area East coast of South

Lampung district is at the coordinates of 5

39 ' 48.76

"S – 105

48 ' 41.48" E. Based on the results of field

surveys and interviews with local residents, one of the

causes of damage to the mangrove forest is caused by

the opening of the area to serve shrimp ponds. The

field conditions taken in May 2019 are shown shown

on Figure 4.

Based on the information quoted from previous

research according to resource Atlas of Lampung

coastal area (Wiryawan, 1999) coastal area along the

coast of East Lampung except Way Kambas National

Park occurs the change of land that initially swamp

and mangrove forest into rice farming land and

shrimp pond. The existence of mangrove forest

covering about 81 percent of the beach in Lampung,

can provide many benefits, both physically,

biologically and economically. But excessive

utilization especially on economic utilization can

cause damage to ecosystems. However, if the land

cover area of mangrove forest will be held

continuously, it can cause impact on coastal area and

beach.

Some of the impacts that can occur are coastal

erosion and river borders, sedimentation,

environmental pollution, decline in ecological

function that will affect the economic aspect

especially for fishermen who are in the East Coast

district of South Lampung Regency and will cause sea

water instrusion. Policy recommendation to improve

the mangrove ecosystem and reduce the impact is to

rehabilitate the mangrove ecosystem by actively

involving the community.

(a)

(b)

Figure 4: (a) Mangrove forest area; (b) land conversion.

4 CONCLUSIONS

East Coast of South Lampung regency, Lampung

Province showed that there are coastal damage that

occurred at some point of location and need to get

handling to do ecosistence improvement of coastal

area and integrated beach. The location that is

experiencing the sedimentation process is a location

that affects increasing the economy of the local

population working as fishermen and entrepreneurial

fish processing.

East Coast of South Lampung regency, Lampung

province problem is caused by natural and

anthropogenic factors. Natural factors in the form of

hydro-oceanography can damage ecosystems and

buildings on the coastal borders. Factor

anthropogenic by community activities that do not

comply with local regulations and rules applicable.

Advanced research and studies need to be done to

support the results of the Identification of Coastal

Identiﬁcation of Coastal Problem along the East Coast of Lampung Indonesia

141

Problem along the East Coast of Lampung Indonesia

by conducting a coastal protection analysis in

accordance with the principles of integrated coastal

management.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author thanked the Direktorat Riset dan

Pengabdian Masyarakat, Direktorat Jenderal

Penguatan dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Riset,

Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi that has given the

research grant of beginner lecturer (PDP) year 2018-

2019 with research contract number is

009/SP2H/LT/DRPM/2018.

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