Opportunities & Challenges for Developing Potential Village Tourism

Case Study of Pagak Tourism Village in Banjarnegara Central Jawa

Priyanto

Tourism Vocational Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Keywords: Tourism Village, Cultural Tourism, Digitalization.

Abstract: Opportunities and challenges for the development of tourism potential in the industrial revolution era 4.0

need to get serious attention from various parties so that the tourism industry in Indonesia can survive and

be able to provide benefits to the community. This study aims to explore the multiple opportunities and

challenges of developing the potential of the village of Pagak as a tourism village and present some

fundamental issues related to the existence of cultural tourism village Pagak, Purwareja Subdistrict,

Klampok Banjarnegara, Central Java. This study uses a qualitative research methodology, based on the

tourism village of Pagak in Banjarnegara, Central Java. The results of the study show that in general, the

potential opportunities of Pagak Village's cultural tourism village are relatively large, such as nature tourism

and cultural tourism. Some of the problems include such as not yet optimal quality of human resources,

facilities and infrastructure, promotion. This article provides a discussion about the use of digital facilities as

an alternative to developing the potential of tourism villages so that they have a positive impact on the

community. Efforts in developing tourism village potential cannot be separated from the active participation

of various parties, especially the Pagak village community. This study broadens the existing literature on

tourism by providing theoretical support relating to the development of tourism village potential. This study

also strengthens Review's research that the digital era adds to the increasing opportunities for the tourism

industry.

1 INTRODUCTION

Tourism is a whole series of activities related to the

movement of people who travel or stopover from

their place of residence to one or several destinations

outside their home environment that is driven by

several needs without intending to make a living.

Tourism is one of the essential sectors because it is

one of the country's foreign exchange sources and is

able to contribute significantly to the nation's

development. At present the tourism trend is

changing, from the previous one, conventional

tourism is changing to special interest tourism. In the

particular interest of tourism, tourists prefer to

appreciate the environment, nature, culture and

attractions in particular. One of the special attention

of tourism that is developing in Indonesia is the

tourism village.

Some research that discusses village tourism was

presented by Vitasurya (2016), debating the use of

local wisdom that characterizes tourism villages to

be sustainable with an environment that can be used

for the development of rural tourism in Indonesia on

the basis of the preservation of local wisdom.

Andayani et al. (2017) reviewed the process of

community empowerment through the event of a

tourism village in the Penglipuran Tourism Village

which discussed the process of community

empowerment, which is related to the operation of

empowerment and the results of empowerment and

the application of the implications of community

empowerment for the protection of the region's

social culture and culture. This research is

descriptive qualitative. Wiwiek Rabiatul Adawiyah

et al. (2017) assessed community empowerment by

optimizing the development of economic potential

and human resources in the village by identifying

the potential of Paripringan Purwokwero village to

be developed in order to prepare community-based

tourism villages. Zakaria and Suprihardjo (2014)

studied the Development of Tourism Village Area

Concept in Bandungan Village, Pakong District,

Pamekasan Regency. Discuss one of the

developments of alternative tourism villages for

Priyanto, .

Opportunities Challenges for Developing Potential Village Tourism Case Study of Pagak Tourism Village in Banjarnegara Central Jawa.

DOI: 10.5220/0010032100002967

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE 2019) - Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable 4.0 Industry, pages 97-103

ISBN: 978-989-758-530-2; ISSN: 2184-9870

sustainable rural development that has some unique

characteristics to become a tourist destination. With

supporting, factors such as the existence of residents

who have traditional traditions and culture,

exceptional food, agricultural systems, social

systems, nature and the environment are the most

critical factors of the tourist destination (Zakaria &

Suprihardjo, 2014).

Related to the above, the development of the

tourism industry is also caused by the impact of the

development of globalization with the presence of

the industrial era 4.0 by the use of information

technology and information digitalization. Chiao et

al. (2018) discussed the event of an online platform

in collaboration with various business people in

Taiwan who implemented a factory tour for the

community by adapting specific content into the

platform. This platform helps universities and helps

instructors as an alternative learning tool to get

maximum learning satisfaction. Divinagracia et al.

(2012) discussed the use of digital media as a source

of information and a communication platform for

tourism. Websites, e-mails, web advertisements,

blogs and social networking sites can be used to

communicate the experiences and results of tourist

trips to the broader community. Hojeghan and

Esangareh (2011) discussed tourism innovation by

utilizing internet technology for the tourism business

with a relatively low cost that can communicate

between tourism suppliers, intermediaries and also

consumers. Laddha et al. (2018) discussed the

design and implementation of an effective

information retrieval system for tourism which is

used to describe Indian tourism data. Reichstein and

Härting (2018) presented the conceptual model and

provides recommendations for the tourism industry

so that it not only provides more in-depth insights

about customer needs but also provides more

customer-oriented services. Vecchio (2018)

discussed the use of big social data for tourist

destinations. Aquino (2018) discussed social

entrepreneurship in tourism by utilizing information

technology. Hongcun and Jihun discuss the impact

of tourism on two neighbouring communities in

China (Xu et al., 2018).

It is fascinating to look at various writings on

special interest tourism, one of which is the

existence of a tourism village that cannot be

separated from the effects of globalization, namely

the coming of the industrial era 4.0. Utilization of

information technology becomes the main thing in

order to move the tourism village so that it can

develop and progress. Likewise, the entrepreneurial,

creative and innovative spirit is very much needed in

the context of developing tourist villages.

Some regions in Indonesia have not also been

spared trying to develop this type of tourism village

tourism, one of which is in Central Java Province.

According to Data from the Culture and Tourism

Office of Central Java Province, in Central Java,

there are 145 Tourism Villages. Call it the Kliwonan

Tourism Village, Masaran Subdistrict, Sragen

Regency with the leading tourist attraction of batik

culture. Candirejo village, Magelang regency with

leading tourist attraction data making various kinds

of souvenirs. Samiran tourism village in the Boyolali

Regency region with superior tourism of agrarian

nuances through its agro-tourism. Dieng Kulon

cultural tourism village, Batur Subdistrict,

Banjarnegara Regency with excellent tourist

attractions of various temples and grand events of

the Dieng Culture Festival. Pagak Village in

Purwareja Klampok District, Banjarnagara Regency

is one of the villages that is trying to develop itself

into a tourist village. Several efforts have been and

are being made to make it worth mentioning as a

tourist village.

It is interesting to examine the development of

cultural-based tourism villages in various regions,

especially in Central Java Province. For one thing,

this phenomenon as an alternative solution to

respond to the current world tourism trend that has

changed from conventional tourism to special

interest tourism. However, on the other hand,

various problems arise, including the readiness of

multiple parties related to the existence of cultural

tourism villages, packaging of the potential of

cultural tourism village attractions, issues of

facilities and infrastructure, human resource

problems, and others.

Based on the description above, the problems

that will be raised in this study are what are the

various potentials that exist in the village of Pagak,

what are the primary issues related to the

development of the town of Pagak as a tourist

village and how are efforts as alternative solutions to

these problems. The purpose of this research is to

explore/identify the potential of Pagak village as a

tourist village, various fundamental issues related to

the existence of a tourism village. This research also

provides alternative solutions to multiple efforts in

dealing with these problems.

ICVHE 2019 - The International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE) “Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable

4.0 Industry”

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Inskeep (1991) said that tourism could be interpreted

as an activity carried out by tourists to travel to a

tourist destination outside their daily lives and

environment to make a temporary stopover from a

place to stay, which is driven by several needs

without intending to make a living but based to get

pleasure, accompanied to enjoy a variety of

entertainment that can release the fatigue and

produce travel experiences and hospitality services.

The tour activity takes place due to many factors;

one of them is the tourist attraction factor in the

tourist destination. According to the Tourism Law

No. 10 of 2009, tourist attractions are all things that

have uniqueness, beauty, and value in the form of

diversity in natural, cultural, and man-made products

that are targeted or the purpose of tourist visits. One

type of tourism is cultural tourism, which is a tour

that utilizes the development of the potential of

human artistic output as an object of attraction. This

type of trip can provide benefits in the field of social

culture because it can help preserve cultural heritage

as the identity of local people who have that culture.

Pendit (1990), mentions cultural tourism is a trip

made on the basis of a desire to broaden one's

outlook on life by making visits to other places or

abroad, studying the condition of the people, their

habits and customs, their way of life, their culture

and arts. Today, cultural tourism develops rapidly

because of a new trend among tourists, namely the

tendency to look for something unique and authentic

from a culture.

One of the forms of cultural tourism activities is

by visiting tourist villages. Understanding the term

village tourism is quite diverse. Nuryanti (1993)

stated that tourism village is defined as a form of

integration between attractions, accommodation, and

supporting facilities that are presented in a structure

of community life that integrates with traditional

procedures that apply. Its designation must fulfil the

requirements including:

1) Good accessibility, making it easy for tourists to

visit using various types of transportation.

2) Having moving objects in the form of nature,

arts and culture, legends, local food, and so on

to be developed as tourist attractions.

3) The community and village officials receive and

provide excellent support to the tourist village

and tourists who come to the town.

4) Security in the city is guaranteed.

5) Adequate accommodation, telecommunications

and manpower are available.

6) Cool or cold climate.

7) Connect with other tourism objects that are well

known by the wider community.

Not only that, to enrich the objects and tourist

attractions in a tourist village, but several facilities

and activities can also be built starting from:

1) Eco-lodge: Renovate homestays to meet tourist

accommodation requirements, or build guest

houses in the form of bamboo houses,

traditional houses, log houses, and so on.

2) Eco-recreation: Agricultural activities, local art

performances, fishing in the pond, hiking in the

village (hiking), biking in the town and so forth.

3) Eco-education: Educating tourists about

environmental education and introducing flora

and fauna in the village concerned.

4) Eco-research: Researching flora and fauna in

the town, and developing products produced in

the city, as well as examining the socio-

economic and cultural conditions of the

community in the village, and so on.

5) Eco-energy: Building a solar or hydropower

energy source for Eco-lodge.

6) Eco-development: Planting tree species whose

fruit is for the food of birds or wild animals,

ornamental plants, medicinal plants, in order to

increase its population.

7) Eco-promotion: Promotion through print or

electronic media by inviting mass media.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This research is a qualitative research. Primary data

were obtained from informants who had been

designated for the purpose. This primary data is

supported by field observations. While secondary

information is collected from existing research

documents, literature studies from related books and

also various other sources. Data collection is carried

out through field observations, interviews, and

discussions with key informants and selected

stakeholders to answer the research theme. The

research of the Pagak tourism village was carried out

on June 1-8, 2019. The writer went straight to the

field and conducted an interview with the role of the

Pagak village, Mr. Ahmad Fauzi, to explore related

Pagak village policies in the development of the

tourism village. The author also conducted in-depth

interviews with the tour conscious group of the town

of Pagak and also visited, observed and stayed in the

village to obtain more in-depth information.

Opportunities Challenges for Developing Potential Village Tourism Case Study of Pagak Tourism Village in Banjarnegara Central Jawa

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Potential of Pagak Village

Pagak Village is one of the villages in Purwareja

Klampok District, Banjarnegara Regency, Central

Java Province. The location of Pagak Village is in

the west of the centre of Banjarnegara City,

approximately 30 km away. Pagak Village has an

area of 168.95 hectares with a population of 3442

inhabitants, and a population density of 1910 people

/ km2 and the majority of Pagak villagers earn a

living as farmers. The idea of developing Pagak

Village as a tourist village is the Government Work

Program of Pagak Village which is supported by

students who are conducting a Real Work Lecture in

the town of Pagak namely the Banjarnegara

Tamansiswa College of Economics in mid-August

2017. Various initial activities have been carried out

to revive tourism in the village of Pagak, namely the

kite festival activity, the inauguration of the

kampiran kitiran, and various other entertainments

that were carried out on 17 September 2017 and on

11 November 2018 the Pagak village officially

received a decree on Tourism Village from the

District Government Banjarnegara Central Java

Province.

4.1.1 Natural Attraction

1. Agricultural Education

One of the natural tourist attractions of the village of

Pagak is rice farming culture. Rice farming as a

source of life, rice farming is also a tourist attraction

for tourists to be able to experience firsthand the

activity of growing rice. The location of the Kampak

village close to Purwareja Job Training Center in

Klampok will be straightforward to bring in visitors

to study agriculture in the town of Pagak, the

collaboration established between the pagak village

government and Purwareja Klampok Vocational

Training Center can be a means of promoting

agricultural education in the pagak village.

2. Organic Vegetable Education

Is an agricultural cultivation system that relies on

natural ingredients without using synthetic

chemicals. Some organic plants that have the

potential to be developed in the village of Pagak

with these techniques are rice, vegetable horticulture

and fruit and spices. Natural farming processing is

based on the principles of health, ecology, fairness,

and protection. What is meant by the policy of

health in organic agriculture is that agricultural

activities must pay attention to the preservation and

improvement of the health of the soil, plants,

animals, earth, and humans as a single unit because

all these components are interconnected and

inseparable.

3. Organic Fertilizer Education

Organic fertilizer as a fertilizer for plants to produce

more fertile and fresher plants with assistance

through the garbage bank program in the village of

Pagak is beneficial for the community in

maintaining environmental cleanliness.

4. Chicken Farm

In the town of Pagak there are both chicken farms

with enlarged chicken farms and laying chicken

farms

5. Hanging Horn (rice field irrigation)

Hanging gutters were corned around the year 2014

by the village government of Pagak at that time

using PNPM Mandiri Rural funds, built to resemble

ancient blanda buildings to be attractive and could

be a tourist visit for the community

6. Ramonan Kaliboga (Kaliboga irrigation river)

Ramonan, in other words from Tubing or mini-

rafting, is one form of outdoor adventure activities.

In carrying out this activity, rivers that become the

primary media and used rubber tires, buses and

Tronton trucks, and, buoys, foot and knee safety as

well as helmets are the tools used to navigate the

Boga rivers.

7. Ndut-ndutan Rawa Lutung

We are utilizing mud for children's and adult play

activities such as playing mud soccer, playing

volleyball and other mud playing activities.

4.1.2 Cultural & Handicraft Tourism

Attraction

1. Traditional Art of Gumbeng Music

Traditional Gumbeng musical instrument made of

bamboo. This art instrument is played by a minimum

of 12 people in one group. Previously, this musical

instrument was used for the ritual process to pay

homage to Dewi Sri (Goddess of Rice). Gumbeng is

played during ceremonies related to agriculture, rain

request or tradition to reject reinforcements.

Gumbeng is not just a musical instrument, but there

is local wisdom that has a positive impact on

citizens, especially the younger generation.

ICVHE 2019 - The International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE) “Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable

4.0 Industry”

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2. Traditional Games

Various traditional games in the village of Pagak

that can be used to attract tourists are Gandon,

Benthik, Becak-Becakan, Gobag Sodor, Jonjang,

Lumbungan / Dakon, Plot Umpet, Anjung, Stilts,

Sunda Manda, Cawuk, Sur Glendung, Kasti,

Ramonan, Catch Fish

3. Bamboo Woven Crafts

Pagak village people generally can make piti which

is woven bamboo which functions as a food gasket

such as fried rice and the like.

4. Craft Pot of Cement

Various types of pots are made such as wine pots,

bowl pots, cup pots, box plots of various sizes.

4.1.3 Culinary Potential

1. Sroto Pagak Cuisine

2. Snack ampyang mountain

3. Instant Ginger

When referring to the requirements of a cultural

tourism village (Nuryanti, 1993), several aspects

have been fulfilled such as good accessibility,

moving objects, community support, security,

availability of accommodation, fresh and cold

climate, related to other familiar objects. But on the

other hand, there are various problems.

4.2 Quality of Human Resources That

Are Not yet Optimal

Tourists who visit the village of Pagak hope it will

be able to enjoy the rural nature that is still clean and

feel life in a village atmosphere with a number of

customs. Tourists stay with residents, sleep in a

simple but clean and healthy room, traditional food

is the main dish to be served while in the tourist

village, tourists feel satisfaction because of the

reception, and service from the villagers.

According to the Culture and Tourism Office of

Banjarnegara District, some of the village's cultural

tourism villages do not have adequate knowledge

and skills in managing cultural tourism villages.

This becomes important so that the provision of

increased awareness about the management of

tourism villages is a skill that is actually needed by

the existing tourism village community or for people

who want to develop their village into a tourist

village. This expectation will be realized if all

realize the importance of improving the quality of

human resources associated with the implementation

of cultural tourism villages. The role of government,

universities, and non-governmental organizations is

needed to improve the quality of human resources

by providing training, adding insight into tourism so

that people can directly feel the impact of the

implementation of cultural tourism villages. They

are learning how to make tour packages related to

tourism villages because, through these tour

packages, tourists will know and feel the travel

experiences and uniqueness as what will be enjoyed

during the trip. Likewise, training in the field of

technical guidance to serve tourists during tourist

activities.

Based on information from the cultural and

tourism service in Banjarnegara District, the

sustainability of the cultural tourism village is

inseparable from the participation of tourism

awareness groups (Pokdarwis) which become a kind

of activator of the cultural tourism village activities.

For information, the god of Pagak tourism currently

has 25 people who are aware of tourism awareness

groups. Every two weeks, regular meetings are held

to encourage and develop village tourism. Some

tourism village activists have participated in tourism

activities organized by the tourism and cultural

department of the Banjarnega District. They are also

conducting similar study activities to more

developed tourist village areas to spur the

development of the Pagak tourism village. The

existence of the tourism awareness group has

become so important given the lack of optimal

public awareness, especially the readiness of the

entire community to open up and change to be able

to manage cultural tourism villages. If this step goes

optically, the community and towns will grow into

tourism-oriented products and have sale value, as

well as will elevate local cultural importance to the

outside world and cultural preservation and

development activities will certainly run optimally.

4.3 Constraints Facilities and

Infrastructure Cultural Tourism

Village

Some cultural tourism villages are constrained in

their development due to lack of optimal

accessibility (ease in reaching the destination of the

cultural tourism village). The availability of

infrastructure such as roads that are suitable for

tourism activities to the tourist village and also

provide travel routes that surround the tourist village

area that can show the daily operations of the

community are indeed a necessity. Likewise, the

availability of specialized transportation to

Opportunities Challenges for Developing Potential Village Tourism Case Study of Pagak Tourism Village in Banjarnegara Central Jawa

101

attractions that cannot yet be reached by tourists and

also right road conditions for the convenience of

tourists traveling to cultural attractions. Not all

cultural tourism villages are optimal in providing

adequate lodging facilities. Lodging needed by

tourists who stay in a tourist village does not have to

be expensive and luxurious accommodation, but at

least clean, healthy and affordable. There is also a

need to provide a restaurant that offers a rural

atmosphere, maintained cleanliness and serves a

menu of the distinctive flavour of the local cultural

tourism village. No less important is the availability

of souvenir shops that sell local produce typical

village produce, souvenirs that are characterized by

local tourism villages so that they can be a memory

for tourists who have visited so that they can be

known by the outside community. At present, the

development of the new Pagak tourism village is at

the stage of developing tourism destinations. Since

2018 the Pagak tourism village has built and

developed tourist destinations including the Rawa

Lutung Field which has been created as a park and

the construction of the Rawa Lutung tower. Paving

blocks have also been made for connecting village

destinations. This destination can be used by tourists

to take pictures and enjoy views of the village.

When this touring park has also been completed in

the form of a swimming pool as an alternative tourist

who likes water tourism. Related to lodging for the

village, there are about ten houses of villagers who

are in the process of preparation to be conditioned as

a place to stay.

4.4 Constraints on Promotion of

Village Cultural Tourism

The cultural tourism village in the Banjarnegara

district is generally an area rich in a variety of

uniqueness in the village, but both the community

and the destination manager have not been optimal

in promoting the tourism village. Therefore we need

promotional media by means of making a web about

cultural tourism villages and also working with

existing promotional media. In terms of the

promotion of village tourism, the village of Pagak

has utilized social media to develop village tourism.

There is an official website of the village of Pagak

which informs about the development of the village

of Pagak tourism and also various village tourism

activities. Likewise social media in the form of face

books and instragrams have also been utilized. Some

people are also actively involved in promoting the

village tourism through various events held.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The potential of Pagak village as one of the cultural

tourism villages in Purwareja Klampok District,

Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province is

quite a lot and has been identified. Some problems

have arisen related to the management of tourism

villages such as the lack of optimal quality of human

resources, facilities and infrastructure that are not

yet optimal, and obstacles in a promotion. These

problems can be overcome by the cooperation of

various parties, not only the role of government,

universities and non-governmental organizations but

also more important is the active participation of the

local cultural tourism village community.

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